The Stanford-U.S. Geological Survey SHRIMP ion microprobe--a tool for micro-scale chemical and isotopic analysis
Charles R. Bacon, Marty Grove, Jorge A. Vazquez, Matthew A. Coble
2012, Fact Sheet 2012-3067
Answers to many questions in Earth science require chemical analysis of minute volumes of minerals, volcanic glass, or biological materials. Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS) is an extremely sensitive analytical method in which a 5–30 micrometer diameter "primary" beam of charged particles (ions) is focused on a region of a...
The physical hydrogeology of ore deposits
Steven E. Ingebritsen, M.S. Appold
2012, Economic Geology (107) 559-584
Hydrothermal ore deposits represent a convergence of fluid flow, thermal energy, and solute flux that is hydrogeologically unusual. From the hydrogeologic perspective, hydrothermal ore deposition represents a complex coupled-flow problem—sufficiently complex that physically rigorous description of the coupled thermal (T), hydraulic (H), mechanical (M), and chemical (C) processes (THMC modeling)...
Acute toxicity of cadmium, lead, zinc, and their mixtures to stream-resident fish and invertebrates
Christopher A. Mebane, Frank S. Dillon, Daniel P. Hennessy
2012, Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (31) 1334-1348
The authors conducted 150 tests of the acute toxicity of resident fish and invertebrates to Cd, Pb, and Zn, separately and in mixtures, in waters from the South Fork Coeur d'Alene River watershed, Idaho, USA. Field-collected shorthead sculpin (Cottus confusus), westslope cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii lewisi), two mayflies (Baetis tricaudatus...
New Eclipidrilus species (Annelida, Clitellata, Lumbriculidae) from southeastern North America
Steven V. Fend, David R. Lenat
2012, Zootaxa (3194) 51-67
Three new species of Lumbriculidae from southeastern North America are attributed to Eclipidrilus Eisen. All are small worms (diameter 0.2–0.5 mm), having semi-prosoporous male ducts with the atria in X, and spermathecae in IX. Eclipidrilus breviatriatus n. sp. and E. microthecus n. sp. have crosshatched atrial musculature, similar to some...
Geomorphic response of the Sandy River, Oregon, to removal of Marmot Dam
Jon J. Major, Jim E. O'Connor, Charles J. Podolak, Mackenzie K. Keith, Gordon E. Grant, Kurt R. Spicer, Smokey Pittman, Heather M. Bragg, J. Rose Wallick, Dwight Q. Tanner, Abagail Rhode, Peter R. Wilcock
2012, Professional Paper 1792
The October 2007 breaching of a temporary cofferdam constructed during removal of the 15-meter (m)-tall Marmot Dam on the Sandy River, Oregon, triggered a rapid sequence of fluvial responses as ~730,000 cubic meters (m3) of sand and gravel filling the former reservoir became available to a high-gradient river. Using direct...
A brief history and summary of the effects of river engineering and dams on the Mississippi River system and delta
Jason S. Alexander, Richard C. Wilson, W. Reed Green
2012, Circular 1375
The U.S. Geological Survey Forecast Mekong project is providing technical assistance and information to aid management decisions and build science capacity of institutions in the Mekong River Basin. A component of this effort is to produce a synthesis of the effects of dams and other engineering structures on large-river hydrology,...
Vulnerability of riparian ecosystems to elevated CO2 and climate change in arid and semiarid western North America
Laura G. Perry, Douglas C. Andersen, Lindsay V. Reynolds, S. Mark Nelson, Patrick B. Shafroth
2012, Global Change Biology (18) 821-842
Riparian ecosystems, already greatly altered by water management, land development, and biological invasion, are being further altered by increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations ([CO2]) and climate change, particularly in arid and semiarid (dryland) regions. In this literature review, we (1) summarize expected changes in [CO2], climate, hydrology, and water management in...
Landscape controls on total and methyl Hg in the Upper Hudson River basin, New York, USA
Douglas A. Burns, K. Riva-Murray, P. M. Bradley, G. R. Aiken, M. E. Brigham
2012, Journal of Geophysical Research (117) G01034
Approaches are needed to better predict spatial variation in riverine Hg concentrations across heterogeneous landscapes that include mountains, wetlands, and open waters. We applied multivariate linear regression to determine the landscape factors and chemical variables that best account for the spatial variation of total Hg (THg) and methyl Hg (MeHg)...
Semiparametric bivariate zero-inflated Poisson models with application to studies of abundance for multiple species
Ali Arab, Scott H. Holan, Christopher K. Wikle, Mark L. Wildhaber
2012, Environmetrics (23) 183-196
Ecological studies involving counts of abundance, presence–absence or occupancy rates often produce data having a substantial proportion of zeros. Furthermore, these types of processes are typically multivariate and only adequately described by complex nonlinear relationships involving externally measured covariates. Ignoring these aspects of the data and implementing standard approaches can...
Reconciling estimates of the contemporary North American carbon balance among terrestrial biosphere models, atmospheric inversions, and a new approach for estimating net ecosystem exchange from inventory-based data
Daniel J. Hayes, David P. Turner, Graham Stinson, A. David McGuire, Yaxing Wei, Tristram O. West, Linda S. Heath, Bernardus de Jong, Brian G. McConkey, Richard A. Birdsey, Werner A. Kurz, Andrew R. Jacobson, Deborah N. Huntzinger, Yude Pan, W. Mac Post, Robert B. Cook
2012, Global Change Biology (18) 1282-1299
We develop an approach for estimating net ecosystem exchange (NEE) using inventory-based information over North America (NA) for a recent 7-year period (ca. 2000–2006). The approach notably retains information on the spatial distribution of NEE, or the vertical exchange between land and atmosphere of all non-fossil fuel sources and sinks...
Role of turbulence fluctuations on uncertainties of acoutic Doppler current profiler discharge measurements
Leticia Tarrab, Carlos M. Garcia, Mariano I. Cantero, Kevin Oberg
2012, Water Resources Research (48) W06507
This work presents a systematic analysis quantifying the role of the presence of turbulence fluctuations on uncertainties (random errors) of acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) discharge measurements from moving platforms. Data sets of three-dimensional flow velocities with high temporal and spatial resolution were generated from direct numerical simulation (DNS) of...
Pattern and process of prescribed fires influence effectiveness at reducing wildfire severity in dry coniferous forests
Robert S. Arkle, David S. Pilliod, Justin L. Welty
2012, Forest Ecology and Management (276) 174-184
We examined the effects of three early season (spring) prescribed fires on burn severity patterns of summer wildfires that occurred 1–3 years post-treatment in a mixed conifer forest in central Idaho. Wildfire and prescribed fire burn severities were estimated as the difference in normalized burn ratio (dNBR) using Landsat imagery....
Multiple age components in individual molybdenite grains
John N. Aleinikoff, Robert A. Creaser, Heather Lowers, Charles W. Magee, Richard I. Grauch
2012, Chemical Geology (300-301) 55-60
Re–Os geochronology of fractions composed of unsized, coarse, and fine molybdenite from a pod of unusual monazite–xenotime gneiss within a granulite facies paragneiss, Hudson Highlands, NY, yielded dates of 950.5 ± 2.5, 953.8 ± 2.6, and 941.2 ± 2.6 Ma, respectively. These dates are not recorded by co-existing zircon, monazite,...
One hundred years of volcano monitoring in Hawaii
James P. Kauahikaua, Michael P. Poland
2012, Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union (93) 29-30
In 2012 the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO), the oldest of five volcano observatories in the United States, is commemorating the 100th anniversary of its founding. HVO's location, on the rim of Kilauea volcano (Figure 1)—one of the most active volcanoes on Earth—has provided an unprecedented opportunity over the past century...
Plate interaction in the NE Caribbean subduction zone from continuous GPS observations
Uri S. ten Brink, Alberto M. Lopez-Vegas
2012, Geophysical Research Letters (39)
Kinematic similarities between the Sumatra and Puerto Rico Trenches highlight the potential for a mega-earthquake along the Puerto Rico Trench and the generation of local and trans-Atlantic tsunamis. We used the horizontal components of continuous GPS (cGPS) measurements from 10 sites on NE Caribbean islands to evaluate strain accumulation along...
Is science in danger of sanctifying the wolf?
L. David Mech
2012, Biological Conservation (150) 143-149
Historically the wolf (Canis lupus) was hated and extirpated from most of the contiguous United States. The federal Endangered Species Act fostered wolf protection and reintroduction which improved the species' image. Wolf populations reached biological recovery in the Northern Rocky Mountains and upper Midwest, and the animal has been delisted...
Distribution and geochemistry of selected trace elements in the Sacramento River near Keswick Reservoir
Ronald C. Antweiler, Howard E. Taylor, Charles N. Alpers
2012, Chemical Geology (298-9) 70-78
The effect of heavy metals from the Iron Mountain Mines (IMM) Superfund site on the upper Sacramento River is examined using data from water and bed sediment samples collected during 1996-97. Relative to surrounding waters, aluminum, cadmium, cobalt, copper, iron, lead, manganese, thallium, zinc and the rare-earth elements (REE) were...
Calcium carbonate nucleation in an alkaline lake surface water, Pyramid Lake, Nevada, USA
Michael M. Reddy, Anthony Hoch
2012, Aquatic Geochemistry (18) 95-113
Calcium concentration and calcite supersaturation (Ω) needed for calcium carbonate nucleation and crystal growth in Pyramid Lake (PL) surface water were determined during August of 1997, 2000, and 2001. PL surface water has Ω values of 10-16. Notwithstanding high Ω, calcium carbonate growth did not occur on aragonite single crystals...
Estimating parameters of hidden Markov models based on marked individuals: use of robust design data
William L. Kendall, Gary C. White, James E. Hines, Catherine A. Langtimm, Jun Yoshizaki
2012, Ecology (93) 913-920
Development and use of multistate mark-recapture models, which provide estimates of parameters of Markov processes in the face of imperfect detection, have become common over the last twenty years. Recently, estimating parameters of hidden Markov models, where the state of an individual can be uncertain even when it is detected,...
Population size of snowy plovers breeding in North America
Susan M. Thomas, James E. Lyons, Brad A. Andres, Elise Elliot T-Smith, Eduardo Palacios, John F. Cavitt, J. Andrew Royle, Suzanne D. Fellows, Kendra Maty, William H. Howe, Eric Mellink, Stefani Melvin, Tara Zimmerman
2012, Waterbirds (35) 1-14
Snowy Plovers (Charadrius nivosus) may be one of the rarest shorebirds in North America yet a comprehensive assessment of their abundance and distribution has not been completed. During 2007 and 2008, 557 discrete wetlands were surveyed and nine additional large wetland complexes sampled in México and the USA. From these...
Hydrologic conditions controlling runoff generation immediately after wildfire
Brian A. Ebel, John A. Moody, Deborah A. Martin
2012, Water Resources Research (48)
We investigated the control of postwildfire runoff by physical and hydraulic properties of soil, hydrologic states, and an ash layer immediately following wildfire. The field site is within the area burned by the 2010 Fourmile Canyon Fire in Colorado, USA. Physical and hydraulic property characterization included ash thickness, particle size...
Conodont color alteration (CAI) as an aid to structural interpretation in the Black Pine Mountains, Idaho
Fred J. Smith Jr., Bruce R. Wardlaw
2012, Open-File Report 2012-1100
The Black Pine Mountains, southeastern Cassia County, Idaho, consist of southern and northern blocks separated by a northeast-trending, high-angle fault. Differences in conodont color alteration values distinguish the two blocks. The southern block has significantly higher organic maturation levels than the northern block and is interpreted to have been thrust...
Landsat: A global land-imaging mission
Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey
2012, Fact Sheet 2012-3072
Across four decades since 1972, Landsat satellites have continuously acquired space-based images of the Earth's land surface, coastal shallows, and coral reefs. The Landsat Program, a joint effort of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), was established to routinely gather land imagery from...
Erosion, storage, and transport of sediment in two subbasins of the Rio Puerco, New Mexico
A. C. Gellis, M.J. Pavich, A.L. Ellwein, S. Aby, I. Clark, M.E. Wieczorek, R. Viger
2012, GSA Bulletin (124) 817-841
Arroyos in the American Southwest proceed through cut-and-fill cycles that operate at centennial to millennial time scales. The geomorphic community has put much effort into understanding the causes of arroyo cutting in the late Quaternary and in the modern record (late 1800s), while little effort has gone into understanding how...
Spawning and nursery habitats of neotropical fish species in the tributaries of a regulated river
Maristela Cavicchioli Makrakis, Patricia S. da Silva, Sergio Makrakis, Ariane F. de Lima, Lucileine de Assumpcao, Salete de Paula, Leandro E. Miranda, Joao Henrique Pinheiro Dias
2012, Book chapter, Larvae: Morphology, biology, and life cycle
This chapter provides information on ontogenetic patterns of neotropical fish species distribution in tributaries (Verde, Pardo, Anhanduí, and Aguapeí rivers) of the Porto Primavera Reservoir, in the heavily dammed Paraná River, Brazil, identifying key spawning and nursery habitats. Samplings were conducted monthly in the main channel of rivers and in...
