Water utilization of the Cretaceous Mussentuchit Member local vertebrate fauna, Cedar Mountain Formation, Utah, USA: Using oxygen isotopic composition of phosphate
C.A. Suarez, Luis A. Gonzalez, G.A. Ludvigson, R.L. Cifelli, E. Tremain
2012, Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology (313-314) 78-92
While the oxygen isotopic composition of pedogenic carbonate has successfully been used to address the effects of global climate change on the hydrologic cycle, detailed regional paleohydrologic studies are lacking. Since the hydrologic cycle can vary extensively on local or regional scales due to events such as such as...
Isotopically modified nanoparticles for enhanced detection in bioaccumulation studies
S.K. Misra, A. Dybowska, D. Berhanu, Marie Noele Croteau, Samuel N. Luoma, A.R. Boccaccini, E. Valsami-Jones
2012, Environmental Science & Technology (46) 1216-1222
This work presents results on synthesis of isotopically enriched (99% 65Cu) copper oxide nanoparticles and its application in ecotoxicological studies. 65CuO nanoparticles were synthesized as spheres (7 nm) and rods (7 × 40 nm). Significant differences were observed between the reactivity and dissolution of spherical and rod shaped nanoparticles. The extreme sensitivity...
Induction of anti-viral genes during acute infection with Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) genogroup IVa in Pacific herring (Clupea pallasii)
John D. Hansen, James C. Woodson, Paul K. Hershberger, Courtney Grady, Jacob L. Gregg, Maureen K. Purcell
2012, Fish and Shellfish Immunology (32) 259-267
Infection with the aquatic rhabdovirus Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) genogroup IVa results in high mortality in Pacific herring (Clupea pallasii) and is hypothesized to be a potential limiting factor for herring recovery. To investigate anti-viral immunity in the Pacific herring, four immune response genes were identified: the myxovirus resistance (Clpa-Mx), a...
Roles of saltcedar (Tamarix spp.) and capillary rise in salinizing a non-flooding terrace on a flow-regulated desert river
E. P. Glenn, K. Morino, Pamela L. Nagler, R. S. Murray, S. Pearlstein, K. R. Hultine
2012, Journal of Arid Environments (79) 56-65
Tamarix spp. (saltcedar) secretes salts and has been considered to be a major factor contributing to the salinization of river terraces in western US riparian zones. However, salinization can also occur from the capillary rise of salts from the aquifer into the vadose zone. We investigated the roles of saltcedar and...
Wolf population dynamics in the U.S. Northern Rocky Mountains are affected by recruitment and human-caused mortality
J.A. Gude, M.S. Mitchell, Robin E. Russell, C.A. Sime, E.E. Bangs, L.D. Mech, R.R. Ream
2012, Journal of Wildlife Management (76) 108-118
Reliable analyses can help wildlife managers make good decisions, which are particularly critical for controversial decisions such as wolf (Canis lupus) harvest. Creel and Rotella (2010) recently predicted substantial population declines in Montana wolf populations due to harvest, in contrast to predictions made by Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks (MFWP)....
Population fragmentation and inter-ecosystem movements of grizzly bears in Western Canada and the Northern United States
M.F. Proctor, David Paetkau, B. N. McLellan, G.B. Stenhouse, K.C. Kendall, R.D. Mace, W.F. Kasworm, C. Servheen, C.L. Lausen, M.L. Gibeau, W.L. Wakkinen, M.A. Haroldson, G. Mowat, C.D. Apps, L.M. Ciarniello, R.M.R. Barclay, M.S. Boyce, C.C. Schwartz, C. Strobeck
2012, Wildlife Monographs 1-46
Population fragmentation compromises population viability, reduces a species ability to respond to climate change, and ultimately may reduce biodiversity. We studied the current state and potential causes of fragmentation in grizzly bears over approximately 1,000,000 km 2 of western Canada, the northern United States (US), and southeast Alaska. We...
Biomass and diversity of dry alpine plant communities along altitudinal gradients in the Himalayas
Tsewang Namgail, G.S. Rawat, C. Mishra, van Wieren, H.H.T. Prins
2012, Journal of Plant Research (125) 93-101
A non-linear relationship between phytodiversity and altitude has widely been reported, but the relationship between phytomass and altitude remains little understood. We examined the phytomass and diversity of vascular plants along altitudinal gradients on the dry alpine rangelands of Ladakh, western Himalaya. We used generalized linear and generalized additive models...
Photodissolution of soil organic matter
L.M. Mayer, K.R. Thornton, L.L. Schick, J.D. Jastrow, Jennifer W. Harden
2012, Geoderma (170) 314-321
Sunlight has been shown to enhance loss of organic matter from aquatic sediments and terrestrial plant litter, so we tested for similar reactions in mineral soil horizons. Losses of up to a third of particulate organic carbon occurred after continuous exposure to full-strength sunlight for dozens of hours, with similar...
A generalized model for estimating the energy density of invertebrates
Daniel A. James, Isak J. Csargo, Aaron Von Eschen, Megan D. Thul, James M. Baker, Cari-Ann Hayer, Jessica Howell, Jacob Krause, Alex Letvin, Steven R. Chipps
2012, Freshwater Science (31) 69-77
Invertebrate energy density (ED) values are traditionally measured using bomb calorimetry. However, many researchers rely on a few published literature sources to obtain ED values because of time and sampling constraints on measuring ED with bomb calorimetry. Literature values often do not account for spatial or temporal variability associated with...
Evidence for earthquake triggering of large landslides in coastal Oregon, USA
W.H. Schulz, S.L. Galloway, J.D. Higgins
2012, Geomorphology (141-142) 88-98
Landslides are ubiquitous along the Oregon coast. Many are large, deep slides in sedimentary rock and are dormant or active only during the rainy season. Morphology, observed movement rates, and total movement suggest that many are at least several hundreds of years old. The offshore Cascadia subduction zone produces great...
Microsatellite marker isolation and development for the giant Pacific Octopus (Enteroctopus dofleini)
Rebecca K. Toussaint, G. Kevin Sage, Sandra L. Talbot, David Scheel
2012, Conservation Genetics Resources (4) 545-548
We isolated and developed 18 novel microsatellite markers for the giant Pacific octopus (Enteroctopus dofleini) and examined them for 31 individuals from Prince William Sound (PWS), Alaska. These loci displayed moderate levels of allelic diversity (averaging 11 alleles per locus) and heterozygosity (averaging 65%). Seven loci deviated from Hardy–Weinberg Equilibrium...
Upper Klamath Basin Landsat Image for August 19, 2006: Path 44 Row 31
Daniel T. Snyder
2012, Report
This subset of a Landsat-5 image shows part of the upper Klamath Basin. The original images were obtained from the U.S. Geological Survey Earth Resources Observation and Science Center (EROS). EROS is responsible for archive management and distribution of Landsat data products. The Landsat-5 satellite is part of an ongoing...
Upper Klamath Basin Landsat Image for September 20, 2006: Path 44 Row 31
Daniel T. Snyder
2012, Report
This subset of a Landsat-5 image shows part of the upper Klamath Basin. The original images were obtained from the U.S. Geological Survey Earth Resources Observation and Science Center (EROS). EROS is responsible for archive management and distribution of Landsat data products. The Landsat-5 satellite is part of an ongoing...
Spatial pattern formation of coastal vegetation in response to external gradients and positive feedbacks affecting soil porewater salinity: A model study
J. Jiang, Donald L. DeAngelis, T. J. Smith III, S.Y. Teh, H. L. Koh
2012, Landscape Ecology (27) 109-119
Coastal vegetation of South Florida typically comprises salinity-tolerant mangroves bordering salinity-intolerant hardwood hammocks and fresh water marshes. Two primary ecological factors appear to influence the maintenance of mangrove/hammock ecotones against changes that might occur due to disturbances. One of these is a gradient in one or more environmental factors. The...
Effects of roads on survival of San Clemente Island foxes
N.P. Snow, William F. Andelt, Thomas R. Stanley, J.R. Resnik, L. Munson
2012, Journal of Wildlife Management (76) 243-252
Roads generate a variety of influences on wildlife populations; however, little is known about the effects of roads on endemic wildlife on islands. Specifically, road‐kills of island foxes (Urocyon littoralis) on San Clemente Island (SCI), Channel Islands, California, USA are a concern for resource managers. To determine the effects of...
Microbial reduction of structural iron in interstratified illite-smectite minerals by a sulfate-reducing bacterium
D. Liu, H. Dong, M.E. Bishop, Jiahua Zhang, Hongfang Wang, S. Xie, Shaoming Wang, L. Huang, D. D. Eberl
2012, Geobiology (10) 150-162
Clay minerals are ubiquitous in soils, sediments, and sedimentary rocks and could coexist with sulfate‐reducing bacteria (SRB) in anoxic environments, however, the interactions of clay minerals and SRB are not well understood. The objective of this study was to understand the reduction rate and capacity of structural Fe(III) in dioctahedral...
Migrating birds’ use of stopover habitat in the southwestern United States
Janet M. Ruth, R.H. Diehl, R.K. Felix Jr.
2012, The Condor (114) 698-710
In the arid Southwest, migratory birds are known to use riparian stopover habitats; we know less about how migrants use other habitat types during migratory stopover. Using radar data and satellite land-cover data, we determined the habitats with which birds are associated during migration stopover. Bird densities differed significantly by...
Klamath Basin Restoration Agreement Off-Project Water Program Evapotranspiration Map for October 2006
Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey
2012, Report
Genetic diversity and species diversity of stream fishes covary across a land-use gradient
M.J. Blum, M.J. Bagley, D.M. Walters, S.A. Jackson, F.B. Daniel, D.J. Chaloud, Brian S. Cade
2012, Oecologia (168) 83-95
Genetic diversity and species diversity are expected to covary according to area and isolation, but may not always covary with environmental heterogeneity. In this study, we examined how patterns of genetic and species diversity in stream fishes correspond to local and regional environmental conditions. To do so, we compared population...
The hidden cost of wildfires: Economic valuation of health effects of wildfire smoke exposure in Southern California
L.A. Richardson, P.A. Champ, J.B. Loomis
2012, Journal of Forest Economics (18) 14-35
There is a growing concern that human health impacts from exposure to wildfire smoke are ignored in estimates of monetized damages from wildfires. Current research highlights the need for better data collection and analysis of these impacts. Using unique primary data, this paper quantifies the economic cost of health effects...
Methylation of Hg downstream from the Bonanza Hg mine, Oregon
John E. Gray, Mark E. Hines, David P. Krabbenhoft, Bryn Thoms
2012, Applied Geochemistry (27) 106-114
Speciation of Hg and conversion to methyl-Hg were evaluated in stream sediment, stream water, and aquatic snails collected downstream from the Bonanza Hg mine, Oregon. Total production from the Bonanza mine was >1360t of Hg, during mining from the late 1800s to 1960, ranking it as an intermediate sized Hg...
Spatial analysis of geologic and hydrologic features relating to sinkhole occurrence in Jefferson County, West Virginia
Daniel H. Doctor, Katarina Z. Doctor
2012, Carbonates and Evaporites (27) 143-152
In this study the influence of geologic features related to sinkhole susceptibility was analyzed and the results were mapped for the region of Jefferson County, West Virginia. A model of sinkhole density was constructed using Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) that estimated the relations among discrete geologic or hydrologic features and...
Dissolved organic matter enhances microbial mercury methylation under sulfidic conditions
Andrew M. Graham, George R. Aiken, Cynthia Gilmour
2012, Environmental Science & Technology (46) 2715-2723
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is generally thought to lower metal bioavailability in aquatic systems due to the formation of metal–DOM complexes that reduce free metal ion concentrations. However, this model may not be pertinent for metal nanoparticles, which are now understood to be ubiquitous, sometimes dominant, metal species in the...
Relationships between Δ14C and the molecular quality of dissolved organic carbon in rivers draining to the coast from the conterminous United States
David Butman, Peter A. Raymond, Kenna D. Butler, George R. Aiken
2012, Global Biogeochemical Cycles (26)
Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in natural waters possesses chemical and molecular qualities indicative of its source and age. The apportionment of DOC by age into millennial and decadal pools is necessary to understand the temporal connection between terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems in the global carbon cycle. We measured Δ14C-DOC and...
Multifractal model of magnetic susceptibility distributions in some igneous rocks
Mark E. Gettings
2012, Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics (19) 635-642
Measurements of in-situ magnetic susceptibility were compiled from mainly Precambrian crystalline basement rocks beneath the Colorado Plateau and ranges in Arizona, Colorado, and New Mexico. The susceptibility meter used measures about 30 cm3 of rock and measures variations in the modal distribution of magnetic minerals that form a minor component...
