A distribution-based parameterization for improved tomographic imaging of solute plumes
Adam Pidlisecky, K. Singha, F. D. Day-Lewis
2011, Geophysical Journal International (187) 214-224
Difference geophysical tomography (e.g. radar, resistivity and seismic) is used increasingly for imaging fluid flow and mass transport associated with natural and engineered hydrologic phenomena, including tracer experiments, in situ remediation and aquifer storage and recovery. Tomographic data are collected over time, inverted and differenced against a background image to produce ‘snapshots’...
Breeding chorus indices are weakly related to estimated abundance of boreal chorus frogs
P.S. Corn, E. Muths, A.M. Kissel, R. D. Scherer
2011, Copeia (2011) 365-371
Call surveys used to monitor breeding choruses of anuran amphibians generate index values that are frequently used to represent the number of male frogs present, but few studies have quantified this relationship. We compared abundance of male Boreal Chorus Frogs (Pseudacris maculata), estimated using capture–recapture methods in two populations in...
Algal bioassessment metrics for wadeable streams and rivers of Maine, USA
Thomas J. Danielson, Cynthia S. Loftin, Leonidas Tsomides, Jeanne L. DiFranco, Beth Connors
2011, Freshwater Science (30) 1033-1048
Many state water-quality agencies use biological assessment methods based on lotic fish and macroinvertebrate communities, but relatively few states have incorporated algal multimetric indices into monitoring programs. Algae are good indicators for monitoring water quality because they are sensitive to many environmental stressors. We evaluated benthic algal community attributes along...
Metallothionein-like multinuclear clusters of mercury(II) and sulfur in peat
K. L. Nagy, A. Manceau, J. D. Gasper, J. N. Ryan, G. R. Aiken
2011, Environmental Science & Technology (45) 7298-7306
Strong mercury(II)–sulfur (Hg-SR) bonds in natural organic matter, which influence mercury bioavailability, are difficult to characterize. We report evidence for two new Hg-SR structures using X-ray absorption spectroscopy in peats from the Florida Everglades with added Hg. The first, observed at...
Sphene and zircon in the Highland Range volcanic sequence (Miocene, southern Nevada, USA): Elemental partitioning, phase relations, and influence on evolution of silicic magma
L.L. Colombini, C. F. Miller, G.A.R. Gualda, J. L. Wooden, J.S. Miller
2011, Mineralogy and Petrology (102) 29-50
Sphene is prominent in Miocene plutonic rocks ranging from diorite to granite in southern Nevada, USA, but it is restricted to rhyolites in coeval volcanic sequences. In the Highland Range volcanic sequence, sphene appears as a phenocryst only in the most evolved rocks (72–77 mass% SiO2; matrix glass 77–78 mass%...
Zircon from historic eruptions in Iceland: Reconstructing storage and evolution of silicic magmas
T.L. Carley, C. F. Miller, J. L. Wooden, I.N. Bindeman, A. P. Barth
2011, Mineralogy and Petrology (102) 135-161
Zoning patterns, U-Th disequilibria ages, and elemental compositions of zircon from eruptions of Askja (1875 AD), Hekla (1158 AD), Öræfajökull (1362 AD) and Torfajökull (1477 AD, 871 AD, 3100 BP, 7500 BP) provide insights into the complex, extended, histories of silicic magmatic systems in Iceland. Zircon compositions, which are correlated...
Redefinition of the crater-density and absolute-age boundaries for the chronostratigraphic system of Mars
S.C. Werner, K. L. Tanaka
2011, Icarus (215) 603-607
For the boundaries of each chronostratigraphic epoch on Mars, we present systematically derived crater-size frequencies based on crater counts of geologic referent surfaces and three proposed “standard” crater size–frequency production distributions as defined by (a) a simple −2 power law, (b) Neukum and Ivanov, (c) Hartmann. In turn, these crater...
Simultaneous speciation of arsenic, selenium, and chromium: Species stability, sample preservation, and analysis of ash and soil leachates
R.E. Wolf, S.A. Morman, P. L. Hageman, T.M. Hoefen, G.S. Plumlee
2011, Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry (401) 2733-2745
An analytical method using high-performance liquid chromatography separation with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) detection previously developed for the determination of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) has been adapted to allow the determination of As(III), As(V), Se(IV), Se(VI), Cr(III), and Cr(VI) under the same chromatographic conditions. Using this method, all six...
Marine and terrestrial factors affecting Adélie penguin Pygoscelis adeliae chick growth and recruitment off the western Antarctic Peninsula
Erik W. Chapman, Eileen E. Hofmann, Donna L. Patterson, Christine A. Ribic, William R. Fraser
2011, Marine Ecology Progress Series (436) 273-289
An individual-based bioenergetics model that simulates the growth of an Adélie penguin Pygoscelis adeliaechick from hatching to fledging was used to assess marine and terrestrial factors that affect chick growth and fledging mass off the western Antarctic Peninsula. Simulations considered the effects on Adélie penguin fledging mass of (1) modification of...
Sex-related differences in habitat associations of wintering American Kestrels in California's Central Valley
E.R. Pandolfino, M.P. Herzog, Z. Smith
2011, Journal of Raptor Research (45) 236-243
We used roadside survey data collected from 19 routes over three consecutive winters from 2007–08 to 2009–10 to compare habitat associations of male and female American Kestrels (Falco sparverius) in the Central Valley of California to determine if segregation by sex was evident across this region. As a species,...
Shallow degassing events as a trigger for very-long-period seismicity at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai‘i
Matthew Patrick, David Wilson, David Fee, Tim R. Orr, Donald A. Swanson
2011, Bulletin of Volcanology (73) 1179-1186
The first eruptive activity at Kīlauea Volcano’s summit in 25 years began in March 2008 with the opening of a 35-m-wide vent in Halema‘uma‘u crater. The new activity has produced prominent very-long-period (VLP) signals corresponding with two new behaviors: episodic tremor bursts and small explosive events, both of which represent...
Growth rates of rainbow smelt in Lake Champlain: Effects of density and diet
Thomson J.L. Stritzel, D.L. Parrish, S. L. Parker-Stetter, L. G. Rudstam, P.J. Sullivan
2011, Ecology of Freshwater Fish (20) 503-512
We estimated the densities of rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax) using hydroacoustics and obtained specimens for diet analysis and groundtruthed acoustics data from mid‐water trawl sampling in four areas of Lake Champlain, USA–Canada. Densities of rainbow smelt cohorts alternated during the 2‐year study; age‐0 rainbow smelt were very abundant in 2001...
Fine-scale spatio-temporal variation in tiger Panthera tigris diet: Effect of study duration and extent on estimates of tiger diet in Chitwan National Park, Nepal
Paul M. Kapfer, Henry M. Streby, B. Gurung, A. Simcharoen, C.C. McDougal, J.L.D. Smith
2011, Wildlife Biology (17) 277-285
Attempts to conserve declining tiger Panthera tigris populations and distributions have experienced limited success. The poaching of tiger prey is a key threat to tiger persistence; a clear understanding of tiger diet is a prerequisite to conserve dwindling populations. We used unpublished data on tiger diet in combination with two previously...
Toxicity of methylmercury injected into eggs when dissolved in water versus corn oil
Gary H. Heinz, Daivd J. Hoffman, Jon D. Klimstra, Katherine R. Stebbins, Shannon L. Kondrad
2011, Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (30) 2103-2106
In a previous study, the embryotoxicity of methylmercury dissolved in corn oil was compared among 26 species of birds. Corn oil is not soluble in the water‐based matrix that constitutes the albumen of an egg. To determine whether the use of corn oil limited the usefulness of this earlier study,...
Sources and Delivery of Nutrients to the Northwestern Gulf of Mexico from Streams in the South-Central United States
Richard A. Rebich, Natalie A. Houston, Scott V. Mize, Daniel Pearson, Patricia B. Ging, Hornig C. Evan
2011, Journal of the American Water Resources Association (47) 1061-1086
SPAtially Referenced Regressions On Watershed attributes (SPARROW) models were developed to estimate nutrient inputs [total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP)] to the northwestern part of the Gulf of Mexico from streams in the South‐Central United States (U.S.). This area included drainages of the Lower Mississippi, Arkansas‐White‐Red, and Texas‐Gulf hydrologic...
A natural experiment on the condition-dependence of achromatic plumage reflectance in black-capped chickadees
L. D'Alba, Caroline R. Van Hemert, Colleen M. Handel, M.D. Shawkey
2011, PLoS ONE (6)
Honest advertisement models posit that only individuals in good health can produce and/or maintain ornamental traits. Even though disease has profound effects on condition, few studies have experimentally tested its effects on trait expression and even fewer have identified a mechanistic basis for these effects. Recent evidence suggests that black...
Programed oil generation of the Zubair Formation, Southern Iraq oil fields: Results from Petromod software modeling and geochemical analysis
T. K. Al-Ameri, Janet K. Pitman, M.E. Naser, J. Zumberge, H. A. Al-Haydari
2011, Arabian Journal of Geosciences (4) 1239-1259
1D petroleum system modeling was performed on wells in each of four oil fields in South Iraq, Zubair (well Zb-47), Nahr Umr (well NR-9), West Qurna (well WQ-15 and 23), and Majnoon (well Mj-8). In each of these fields, deposition of the Zubair Formation was followed by continuous burial, reaching...
Sediment dynamics and the burial and exhumation of bedrock reefs along an emergent coastline as elucidated by repetitive sonar surveys: Northern Monterey Bay, CA
C. D. Storlazzi, T.A. Fregoso, N.E. Golden, D.P. Finlayson
2011, Marine Geology (289) 46-59
Two high-resolution bathymetric and acoustic backscatter sonar surveys were conducted along the energetic emergent inner shelf of northern Monterey Bay, CA, USA, in the fall of 2005 and the spring of 2006 to determine the impact of winter storm waves, beach erosion, and river floods on biologically-important siliclastic bedrock reef...
A probabilistic seismic risk assessment procedure for nuclear power plants: (I) Methodology
Y.-N. Huang, A.S. Whittaker, N. Luco
2011, Nuclear Engineering and Design (241) 3996-4003
A new procedure for probabilistic seismic risk assessment of nuclear power plants (NPPs) is proposed. This procedure modifies the current procedures using tools developed recently for performance-based earthquake engineering of buildings. The proposed procedure uses (a) response-based fragility curves to represent the capacity of structural and nonstructural components of NPPs,...
Habitat use and movement of the endangered Arroyo Toad (Anaxyrus californicus) in coastal southern California
M.J. Mitrovich, E.A. Gallegos, L.M. Lyren, R.E. Lovich, Robert N. Fisher
2011, Journal of Herpetology (45) 319-328
Information on the habitat use and movement patterns of Arroyo Toads (Anaxyrus californicus) is limited. The temporal and spatial characteristics of terrestrial habitat use, especially as it relates to upland use in coastal areas of the species' range, are poorly understood. We present analyses of radiotelemetry data from 40...
Late-Holocene climate evolution at the WAIS Divide site, West Antarctica: Bubble number-density estimates
John M. Fegyveresi, R. B. Alley, M. K. Spencer, J. J. Fitzpatrick, E.J. Steig, J.W.C. White, J.R. McConnell, K.C. Taylor
2011, Journal of Glaciology (57) 629-638
A surface cooling of ∼1.7°C occurred over the ∼two millennia prior to ∼1700 CE at the West Antarctic ice sheet (WAIS) Divide site, based on trends in observed bubble number-density of samples from the WDC06A ice core, and on an independently constructed accumulation-rate history using annual-layer dating corrected for density...
The Regionalization of National-Scale SPARROW Models for Stream Nutrients
Gregory E. Schwarz, Richard B. Alexander, Richard A. Smith, Stephen D. Preston
2011, Journal of the American Water Resources Association (47) 1151-1172
This analysis modifies the parsimonious specification of recently published total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) national‐scale SPAtially Referenced Regressions On Watershed attributes models to allow each model coefficient to vary geographically among three major river basins of the conterminous United States. Regionalization of the national models reduces the standard...
Apogean-perigean signals encoded in tidal flats at the fluvio-estuarine transition of Glacier Creek, Turnagain Arm, Alaska; implications for ancient tidal rhythmites
S.F. Greb, A.W. Archer, D.G. Deboer
2011, Sedimentology (58) 1434-1452
Turnagain Arm is a macrotidal fjord‐style estuary. Glacier Creek is a small, glacially fed stream which enters the estuary tangentially near Girdwood, Alaska. Trenches and daily sedimentation measurements were made in a mudflat along the fluvio–estuarine transition of Glacier Creek during several summers since 2003. Each year, the flats appear...
Expansion of tubenose gobies Proterorhinus semilunaris into western Lake Erie and potential effects on native species
P.M. Kocovsky, J.A. Tallman, D.J. Jude, D.M. Murphy, J.E. Brown, C.A. Stepien
2011, Biological Invasions (13) 2775-2784
The Eurasian freshwater tubenose goby Proterorhinus semilunaris (formerly Proterorhinus marmoratus) invaded the Laurentian Great Lakes in the 1990s, presumably via ballast water from transoceanic cargo ships. Tubenose gobies spread throughout Lake St. Clair, its tributaries, and the Detroit River system, and also are present in the Duluth-Superior harbor of Lake...
Cover sequences at the northern margin of the Antongil Craton, NE Madagascar
W. Bauer, G. J. Walsh, B. De Waele, Ronald J. Thomas, M. S. A. Horstwood, L. Bracciali, D. I. Schofield, U. Wollenberg, D. J. Lidke, I.T. Rasaona, M.H. Rabarimanana
2011, Precambrian Research (189) 292-312
The island of Madagascar is a collage of Precambrian, generally high-grade metamorphic basement domains, that are locally overlain by unmetamorphosed sedimentary rocks and poorly understood low-grade metasediments. In the Antalaha area of NE Madagascar, two distinct cover sequences rest on high-grade metamorphic and igneous basement rocks of the Archaean Antongil...
