Storage as a Metric of Catchment Comparison
J. P. McNamara, D. Tetzlaff, K. Bishop, C. Soulsby, M. Seyfried, N.E. Peters, Brent T. Aulenbach, R. Hooper
2011, Hydrological Processes (25) 3364-3371
The volume of water stored within a catchment, and its partitioning among groundwater, soil moisture, snowpack, vegetation, and surface water are the variables that ultimately characterize the state of the hydrologic system. Accordingly, storage may provide useful metrics for catchment comparison. Unfortunately, measuring and predicting the amount of water present...
Diffusion-driven magnesium and iron isotope fractionation in Hawaiian olivine
F.-Z. Teng, N. Dauphas, Rosalind Tuthill Helz, S. Gao, S. Huang
2011, Earth and Planetary Science Letters (308) 317-324
Diffusion plays an important role in Earth sciences to estimate the timescales of geological processes such as erosion, sediment burial, and magma cooling. In igneous systems, these diffusive processes are recorded in the form of crystal zoning. However, meaningful interpretation of these signatures is often hampered by the fact that...
Recent advances in the hydrostratigraphy of paleozoic bedrock in the midwestern united states
K. R. Bradbury, Anthony C. Runkel
2011, Conference Paper, GSA Today
Recent hydrostratigraphic researches have made it possible to acquire knowledge about the relatively undeformed Paleozoic bedrock that forms the most widely used aquifers in Minnesota and Wisconsin. Ongoing evaluation of the Cambrian Eau Claire Formation in southern Wisconsin has caused the formation to be considered a major regional aquitard. Subsurface...
Source and Delivery of Nutrients to Receiving Waters in the Northeastern and Mid-Atlantic Regions of the United States
R. B. Moore, C. M. Johnston, R. A. Smith, B. Milstead
2011, Journal of the American Water Resources Association (47) 965-990
This study investigates nutrient sources and transport to receiving waters, in order to provide spatially detailed information to aid water‐resources managers concerned with eutrophication and nutrient management strategies. SPAtially Referenced Regressions On Watershed attributes (SPARROW) nutrient models were developed for the Northeastern and Mid‐Atlantic (NE US) regions of the United...
Native and European haplotypes of Phragmites Australis (common reed) in the central Platte River, Nebraska
D.L. Larson, S.M. Galatowitsch, J.L. Larson
2011, Great Plains Research (21) 175-180
Phragmites australis (common reed) is known to have occurred along the Platte River historically, but recent rapid increases in both distribution and density have begun to impact habitat for migrating sandhill cranes and nesting piping plovers and least terns. Invasiveness in Phragmites has been associated with the incursion of a...
Time-lapse three-dimensional inversion of complex conductivity data using an active time constrained (ATC) approach
M. Karaoulis, A. Revil, D.D. Werkema, B. J. Minsley, W.F. Woodruff, A. Kemna
2011, Geophysical Journal International (187) 237-251
Induced polarization (more precisely the magnitude and phase of impedance of the subsurface) is measured using a network of electrodes located at the ground surface or in boreholes. This method yields important information related to the distribution of permeability and contaminants in the shallow subsurface. We propose a new time-lapse...
Transient electromagnetic study of basin fill sediments in the Upper San Pedro Basin, Mexico
M.W. Bultman, F. Gray
2011, Environmental Earth Sciences (64) 2091-2106
The Upper San Pedro River Basin in Mexico and the United States is an important riparian corridor that is coming under increasing pressure from growing populations and the associated increase in groundwater withdrawal. Several studies have produced three-dimensional maps of the basin fill sediments in the US portion of the...
Movements and survival of black-footed ferrets associated with an experimental translocation in South Dakota
E. Biggins, Jerry L. Godbey, B.M. Horton, T.M. Livieri
2011, Journal of Mammalogy (92) 742-750
Black-footed ferrets (Mustela nigripes) apparently were extirpated from all native habitats by 1987, and their repatriation requires a combination of captive breeding, reintroductions, and translocations among sites. Improvements in survival rates of released ferrets have resulted from experience in quasi-natural environments during their rearing. Reestablishment of a self-sustaining wild population...
Context-specific parasitism in Tubifex tubifex in geothermally influenced stream reaches in Yellowstone National Park
Julie D. Alexander, Billie L. Kerans, Todd M. Koel, Charlotte Rasmussen
2011, Journal of the North American Benthological Society (30) 853-867
Parasites can regulate host abundance and influence the composition and structure of communities. However, host-parasite interactions might be context-specific if environmental conditions can alter the outcome of parasitism and disease. An understanding of how host-parasite interactions might change in different contexts will be useful for predicting and managing disease against...
Diffuse Pacific-North American plate boundary: 1000 km of dextral shear inferred from modeling geodetic data
T. Parsons, W. Thatcher
2011, Geology (39) 943-946
Geodetic measurements tell us that the eastern part of the Basin and Range Province expands in an east-west direction relative to stable North America, whereas the western part of the province moves to the northwest. We develop three-dimensional finite element representations of the western United States lithosphere in an effort...
Large shift in source of fine sediment in the upper Mississippi River
P. Belmont, K.B. Gran, S.P. Schottler, P.R. Wilcock, S.S. Day, C. Jennings, J.W. Lauer, E. Viparelli, J.K. Willenbring, D.R. Engstrom, G. Parker
2011, Environmental Science & Technology (45) 8804-8810
Although sediment is a natural constituent of rivers, excess loading to rivers and streams is a leading cause of impairment and biodiversity loss. Remedial actions require identification of the sources and mechanisms of sediment supply. This task is complicated by the scale and complexity of large watersheds as well as...
Responses of ecosystem carbon cycling to climate change treatments along an elevation gradient
Zhuoting Wu, George W. Koch, Paul Dijkstra, Matthew A. Bowker, Bruce A. Hungate
2011, Ecosystems (14) 1066-1080
Global temperature increases and precipitation changes are both expected to alter ecosystem carbon (C) cycling. We tested responses of ecosystem C cycling to simulated climate change using field manipulations of temperature and precipitation across a range of grass-dominated ecosystems along an elevation gradient in northern Arizona. In 2002, we transplanted...
Stratigraphy and chronology of offshore to nearshore deposits associated with the Provo shoreline, Pleistocene Lake Bonneville, Utah
H.S. Godsey, Charles G. Oviatt, D. M. Miller, M.A. Chan
2011, Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology (310) 442-450
Stratigraphic descriptions and radiocarbon data from eleven field locations are presented in this paper to establish a chronostratigraphic framework for offshore to nearshore deposits of Lake Bonneville. Based on key marker beds and geomorphic position, the deposits are interpreted to have accumulated during the period from the late transgressive phase,...
Short-term sandbar variability based on video imagery: Comparison between Time-Average and Time-Variance techniques
R.M.C. Guedes, L.J. Calliari, K. T. Holland, N.G. Plant, P.S. Pereira, F.N.A. Alves
2011, Marine Geology (289) 122-134
Time–exposure intensity (averaged) images are commonly used to locate the nearshore sandbar position (xb), based on the cross-shore locations of maximum pixel intensity (xi) of the bright bands in the images. It is not known, however, how the breaking patterns seen in Variance images (i.e. those created through standard deviation of pixel intensity...
In situ rates of sulfate reduction in response to geochemical perturbations
T.A. Kneeshaw, J.T. McGuire, Isabelle M. Cozzarelli, E.W. Smith
2011, Ground Water (49) 903-913
Rates of in situ microbial sulfate reduction in response to geochemical perturbations were determined using Native Organism Geochemical Experimentation Enclosures (NOGEEs), a new in situ technique developed to facilitate evaluation of controls on microbial reaction rates. NOGEEs function by first trapping a native microbial community in situ and then subjecting...
Fine-scale population structure and riverscape genetics of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) distributed continuously along headwater channel networks
Yoichiro Kanno, Jason C. Vokoun, Benjamin H. Letcher
2011, Molecular Ecology (20) 3711-3729
Linear and heterogeneous habitat makes headwater stream networks an ideal ecosystem in which to test the influence of environmental factors on spatial genetic patterns of obligatory aquatic species. We investigated fine-scale population structure and influence of stream habitat on individual-level genetic differentiation in brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) by...
Spectral reflectance characteristics of different snow and snow-covered land surface objects and mixed spectrum fitting
J.-H. Zhang, Z.-M. Zhou, P.-J. Wang, F.-M. Yao, L. Yang
2011, Guang Pu Xue Yu Guang Pu Fen Xi/Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis (31) 2499-2502
The field spectroradiometer was used to measure spectra of different snow and snow-covered land surface objects in Beijing area. The result showed that for a pure snow spectrum, the snow reflectance peaks appeared from visible to 800 nm band locations; there was an obvious absorption valley of snow spectrum near...
Unusual dominance by desert pupfish (Cyprinodon macularius) in experimental ponds within the Salton Sea Basin
Michael K. Saiki, Barbara A. Martin, Thomas W. Anderson
2011, Southwestern Naturalist (56) 385-392
In October 2006, months after shallow experimental ponds in the Salton Sea Basin were filled with water from the Alamo River and Salton Sea, fish were observed in several ponds, although inlets had been screened to exclude fish. During October 2007–November 2009, nine surveys were conducted using baited minnow traps...
The molecular mechanism of Mo isotope fractionation during adsorption to birnessite
L.E. Wasylenki, C.L. Weeks, J.R. Bargar, T.G. Spiro, J.R. Hein, A.D. Anbar
2011, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (75) 5019-5031
Fractionation of Mo isotopes during adsorption to manganese oxides is a primary control on the global ocean Mo isotope budget. Previous attempts to explain what drives the surprisingly large isotope effect δ97/95Modissolved-δ97/95Moadsorbed=1.8‰ have not successfully resolved the fractionation mechanism. New evidence from extended X-ray absorption fine structure analysis and density...
Century-scale variability in global annual runoff examined using a water balance model
G.J. McCabe, D.M. Wolock
2011, International Journal of Climatology (31) 1739-1748
A monthly water balance model (WB model) is used with CRUTS2.1 monthly temperature and precipitation data to generate time series of monthly runoff for all land areas of the globe for the period 1905 through 2002. Even though annual precipitation accounts for most of the temporal and spatial variability in...
Soil carbon distribution in Alaska in relation to soil-forming factors
K.D. Johnson, J. Harden, A. D. McGuire, N.B. Bliss, James G. Bockheim, M.R. Clark, T. Nettleton-Hollingsworth, M.T. Jorgenson, E.S. Kane, M. Mack, J. O'Donnell, C.-L. Ping, E.A.G. Schuur, M.R. Turetsky, D.W. Valentine
2011, Geoderma (167-168) 71-84
The direction and magnitude of soil organic carbon (SOC) changes in response to climate change remain unclear and depend on the spatial distribution of SOC across landscapes. Uncertainties regarding the fate of SOC are greater in high-latitude systems where data are sparse and the soils are affected by sub-zero temperatures....
Standardized North American marsh bird monitoring protocol
Courtney J. Conway
2011, Waterbirds (34) 319-346
Little is known about the population status of many marsh-dependent birds in North America but recent efforts have focused on collecting more reliable information and estimates of population trends. As part of that effort, a standardized survey protocol was developed in 1999 that provided guidance for conducting marsh bird surveys...
Surface (sea floor) and near-surface (box cores) sediment mineralogy in Baffin Bay as a key to sediment provenance and ice sheet variations
John T. Andrews, D. D. Eberl
2011, Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences (48) 1307-1328
To better understand the glacial history of the ice sheets surrounding Baffin Bay and to provide information on sediment pathways, samples from 82 seafloor grabs and core tops, and from seven box cores were subjected to quantitative X-ray diffraction weight percent (wt.%) analysis of the <2 mm sediment fraction. The samples...
Dynamic habitat selection by two wading bird species with divergent foraging strategies in a seasonally fluctuating wetland
James M. Beerens, Dale E. Gawlik, Garth Herring, Mark I. Cook
2011, The Auk (128) 651-662
Seasonal and annual variation in food availability during the breeding season plays an influential role in the population dynamics of many avian species. In highly dynamic ecosystems like wetlands, finding and exploiting food resources requires a flexible behavioral response that may produce different population trends that vary with a species'...
History of plains resurfacing in the Scandia region of Mars
Kenneth L. Tanaka, Corey M. Fortezzo, Rosalyn K. Hayward, J. Alexis P. Rodriguez, James A. Skinner
2011, Planetary and Space Science (59) 1128-1142
We present a preliminary photogeologic map of the Scandia region of Mars with the objective of reconstructing its resurfacing history. The Scandia region includes the lower section of the regional lowland slope of Vastitas Borealis extending about 500–1800 km away from Alba Mons into the Scandia sub-basin below −4800 m...
