Raman spectroscopic measurements of CO2 density: Experimental calibration with high-pressure optical cell (HPOC) and fused silica capillary capsule (FSCC) with application to fluid inclusion observations
X. Wang, I-Ming Chou, W. Hu, Robert Burruss, Q. Sun, Y. Song
2011, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (75) 4080-4093
Raman spectroscopy is a powerful method for the determination of CO2 densities in fluid inclusions, especially for those with small size and/or low fluid density. The relationship between CO2 Fermi diad split (Δ, cm−1) and CO2 density (ρ, g/cm3) has been documented by several previous studies. However, significant discrepancies exist among these...
Earthquake impact scale
David J. Wald, K. S. Jaiswal, K. D. Marano, D. Bausch
2011, Natural Hazards Review (12) 125-139
With the advent of the USGS prompt assessment of global earthquakes for response (PAGER) system, which rapidly assesses earthquake impacts, U.S. and international earthquake responders are reconsidering their automatic alert and activation levels and response procedures. To help facilitate rapid and appropriate earthquake response, an Earthquake Impact...
Do well-connected landscapes promote road-related mortality?
C. Grilo, F. Ascensao, M. Santos-Reis, J.A. Bissonette
2011, European Journal of Wildlife Research (57) 707-716
Cost surface (CS) models have emerged as a useful tool to examine the interactions between landscapes patterns and wildlife at large-scale extents. This approach is particularly relevant to guide conservation planning for species that show vulnerability to road networks in human-dominated landscapes. In this study, we measured the functional connectivity...
Growth rate and age distribution of deep-sea black corals in the Gulf of Mexico
N.G. Prouty, E.B. Roark, N.A. Buster, Steve W. Ross
2011, Marine Ecology Progress Series (423) 101-115
Black corals (order Antipatharia) are important long-lived, habitat-forming, sessile, benthic suspension feeders that are found in all oceans and are usually found in water depths greater than 30 m. Deep-water black corals are some of the slowest-growing, longest-lived deep-sea corals known. Previous age dating of a limited number of black...
Molecular typing of Escherichia coli strains associated with threatened sea ducks and near-shore marine habitats of south-west Alaska
Tuula E. Hollmén, Chitrita DebRoy, Paul L. Flint, David E. Safine, Jason L. Schamber, Ann E. Riddle, Kimberly A. Trust
2011, Environmental Microbiology Reports (3) 262-269
In Alaska, sea ducks winter in coastal habitats at remote, non-industrialized areas, as well as in proximity to human communities and industrial activity. We evaluated prevalence and characteristics of Escherichia coli strains in faecal samples of Steller's eiders (Polysticta stelleri; n = 122) and harlequin ducks (Histrionicus histrionicus; n = 21) at an industrialized site and Steller's eiders...
Geology and petroleum potential of the Lincoln Sea Basin, offshore North Greenland
K. Sorensen, D. Gautier, Janet K. Pitman, H. Ruth Jackson, T. Dahl-Jensen
2011, Geological Society Memoir (35) 673-684
A seismic refraction line crossing the Lincoln Sea was acquired in 2006. It proves the existence of a deep sedimentary basin underlying the Lincoln Sea. This basin appears to be comparable in width and depth to the Sverdrup Basin of the Canadian Arctic Islands. The stratigraphy of the Lincoln Sea...
The characteristics of gas hydrates recovered from the Mount Elbert Gas Hydrate Stratigraphic Test Well, Alaska North Slope
H. Lu, Thomas Lorenson, I.L. Moudrakovski, J.A. Ripmeester, Timothy S. Collett, R.B. Hunter, C.I. Ratcliffe
2011, Marine and Petroleum Geology (28) 411-418
Systematic analyses have been carried out on two gas hydrate-bearing sediment core samples, HYPV4, which was preserved by CH4 gas pressurization, and HYLN7, which was preserved in liquid-nitrogen, recovered from the BPXA-DOE-USGS Mount Elbert Stratigraphic Test Well. Gas hydrate in the studied core samples was found by observation to have developed...
Development and application of a pollen-based paleohydrologic reconstruction from the lower Roanoke River Basin, North Carolina, USA
D. Willard, C. Bernhardt, R. Brown, B. Landacre, P. Townsend
2011, The Holocene (21) 305-317
We used pollen assemblages to reconstruct late-Holocene paleohydrologic patterns in floodplain deposits from the lower Roanoke River basin (North Carolina, southeastern USA). Using 120 surface samples from 38 transects, we documented statistical relationships between pollen assemblages, vegetation, and landforms. Backswamp pollen assemblages (long hydroperiods) are dominated by Nyssa (tupelo) and...
Whole-edifice ice volume change A.D. 1970 to 2007/2008 at Mount Rainier, Washington, based on LiDAR surveying
T. W. Sisson, J.E. Robinson, D.D. Swinney
2011, Geology (39) 639-642
Net changes in thickness and volume of glacial ice and perennial snow at Mount Rainier, Washington State, have been mapped over the entire edifice by differencing between a highresolution LiDAR (light detection and ranging) topographic survey of September-October 2007/2008 and the 10 m lateral resolution U.S. Geological Survey digital elevation...
Documenting channel features associated with gas hydrates in the Krishna-Godavari Basin, offshore India
M. Riedel, Timothy S. Collett, Ude Shankar
2011, Marine Geology (279) 1-11
During the India National Gas Hydrate Program (NGHP) Expedition 01 in 2006 significant sand and gas hydrate were recovered at Site NGHP-01-15 within the Krishna–Godavari Basin, East Coast off India. At the drill site NGHP-01-15, a 5–8 m thick interval was found that is characterized by higher sand content than anywhere...
Co-occurrence patterns of trees along macro-climatic gradients and their potential influence on the present and future distribution of Fagus sylvatica L.
E.S. Meier, Thomas C. Edwards Jr., Felix Kienast, M. Dobbertin, N.E. Zimmermann
2011, Journal of Biogeography (38) 371-382
During recent and future climate change, shifts in large-scale species ranges are expected due to the hypothesized major role of climatic factors in regulating species distributions. The stress-gradient hypothesis suggests that biotic interactions may act as major constraints on species distributions under more favourable growing conditions, while climatic constraints may...
Avian research on U.S. Forest Service Experimental Forests and Ranges: Emergent themes, opportunities, and challenges
Scott H. Stoleson, D.I. King, M. Tomosy
2011, Forest Ecology and Management (262) 49-52
Since 1908, U.S. Forest Service Experimental Forests and Ranges have been dedicated to long-term interdisciplinary research on a variety of ecological and management questions. They encompass a wide diversity of life zones and ecoregions, and provide access to research infrastructure, opportunities for controlled manipulations, and integration with other types of...
Sibship reconstruction for inferring mating systems, dispersal and effective population size in headwater brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) populations
Yoichiro Kanno, Jason C. Vokoun, Benjamin H. Letcher
2011, Conservation Genetics (12) 619-628
Brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis populations have declined in much of the native range in eastern North America and populations are typically relegated to small headwater streams in Connecticut, USA. We used sibship reconstruction to infer mating systems, dispersal and effective population size of resident (non-anadromous) brook trout in two...
Spatiotemporal earthquake clusters along the North Anatolian fault zone offshore Istanbul
Fatih Bulut, William L. Ellsworth, Marco Bohnhoff, Mustafa Aktar, Georg Dresen
2011, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (101) 1759-1768
We investigate earthquakes with similar waveforms in order to characterize spatiotemporal microseismicity clusters within the North Anatolian fault zone (NAFZ) in northwest Turkey along the transition between the 1999 İzmit rupture zone and the Marmara Sea seismic gap. Earthquakes within distinct activity clusters are relocated with cross-correlation derived relative travel...
Modal-pushover-based ground-motion scaling procedure
Erol Kalkan, Anil K. Chopra
2011, Journal of Structural Engineering (137) 298-310
Earthquake engineering is increasingly using nonlinear response history analysis (RHA) to demonstrate the performance of structures. This rigorous method of analysis requires selection and scaling of ground motions appropriate to design hazard levels. This paper presents a modal-pushover-based scaling (MPS) procedure to scale ground motions for use in a nonlinear...
Few apparent short-term effects of elevated soil temperature and increased frequency of summer precipitation on the abundance and taxonomic diversity of desert soil micro- and meso-fauna
B.J. Darby, D.A. Neher, D.C. Housman, J. Belnap
2011, Soil Biology and Biochemistry (43) 1474-1481
Frequent hydration and drying of soils in arid systems can accelerate desert carbon and nitrogen mobilization due to respiration, microbial death, and release of intracellular solutes. Because desert microinvertebrates can mediate nutrient cycling, and the autotrophic components of crusts are known to be sensitive to rapid desiccation due to elevated...
Age estimation of a large bighead carp from Grand Lake, Oklahoma
James M. Long, Ashley Nealis
2011, Proceedings of the Oklahoma Academy of Science (91) 15-18
On April 23, 2011, a 1356-mm total length (TL), 39.8 kg bighead carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis) was brought to the Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. This specimen is the largest bighead carp recorded from Oklahoma, and it is near the maximum size reported from the United States. This specimen was estimated...
Wilcox group (Paleocene to Eocene) coals of the Sabine Uplift area, Texas and Louisiana
Robert W. Hook, Peter D. Warwick, John R. SanFilipo
Peter D. Warwick, Alexander K. Karlsen, Matthew D. Merrill, Brett J. Valentine, editor(s)
2011, Book chapter, Geologic assessment of coal in the Gulf of Mexico coastal plain
The Wilcox Group (Paleocene to Eocene) of the Sabine uplift, a structural arch in northeastern Texas and northwestern Louisiana (Figure 1), has lignite zones that approach subbituminous rank (see Chapter 4, this publication). These coals are among the highest quality resources known within the Gulf Coastal Plain because of their...
Eocene Yegua Formation (Claiborne group) and Jackson group lignite deposits of Texas
Robert W. Hook, Peter D. Warwick, Sharon M. Swanson, Paul C. Hackley
Peter D. Warwick, Alexander K. Karlsen, Matthew D. Merrill, Brett J. Valentine, editor(s)
2011, Book chapter, Geologic assessment of coal in the Gulf of Mexico coastal plain
The lignite deposits within the upper Eocene Yegua Formation (Claiborne Group) and the overlying Jackson Group are among the coal resources that were not quantitatively assessed as part of the U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) National Coal Resource Assessment (NCRA) program in the Gulf Coastal Plain coal province. In the past,...
Seismic seiches
Arthur McGarr
Harsh K. Gupta, editor(s)
2011, Book chapter, Encyclopedia of solid earth geophysics
Seismic seiche is a term first used by Kvale (1955) to discuss oscillations of lake levels in Norway and England caused by the Assam earthquake of August 15, 1950. This definition has since been generalized to apply to standing waves set up in closed, or partially closed, bodies of water...
Lead in birds
J. Christian Franson, Deborah J. Pain
W. Nelson Beyer, James Parnell Meador, editor(s)
2011, Book chapter, Environmental contaminants in biota: Interpreting tissue concentrations
Lead is a highly toxic heavy metal that acts as a nonspecific poison affecting all body systems and has no known biological requirement. Absorption of low concentrations may result in a wide range of sublethal effects in animals, and higher concentrations may result in mortality (Demayo et al. 1982).Lead has...
Simulating effects of microtopography on wetland specific yield and hydroperiod
David M. Summer
Xixi Wang, editor(s)
2011, Book chapter, Modeling hydrologic effects of microtopographic features
Specific yield and hydroperiod have proven to be useful parameters in hydrologic analysis of wetlands. Specific yield is a critical parameter to quantitatively relate hydrologic fluxes (e.g., rainfall, evapotranspiration, and runoff) and water level changes. Hydroperiod measures the temporal variability and frequency of land-surface inundation. Conventionally, hydrologic analyses used these...
Fire in Chile
Jon E. Keeley, William J. Bond, Ross A. Bradstock, Juli G. Pausas, Philip W. Rundel
2011, Book chapter, Fire in Mediterranean ecosystems: Ecology, evolution and management
The mediterranean-type climate (MTC) in Chile (Fig. 6.1) is distributed from La Serena (30° S; Región IV, see Appendix 6.1) in the north to Concepción (37° S; Región X) in the south. It is constrained to the west side of the Andean mountain range, although as the height of this...
Fire in California
Jon E. Keeley, William J. Bond, Ross A. Bradstock, Juli G. Pausas, Philip W. Rundel
2011, Book chapter, Fire in Mediterranean ecosystems: Ecology, evolution and management
On the west coast of North America lies the state of California, USA (Fig. 5.1), the bulk of which is dominated by a mediterranean-type climate (MTC). Elevations range from sea level to over 4000 m. Mountain ranges are largely oriented north to south with a major valley between the coastal...
Effects of model layer simplification using composite hydraulic properties
Eve L. Kuniansky, Nicasio Sepulveda
Lakshmanan Elango, editor(s)
2011, Book chapter, Hydraulic conductivity: Issues, determination and applications
Groundwater provides much of the fresh drinking water to more than 1.5 billion people in the world (Clarke et al., 1996) and in the United States more that 50 percent of citizens rely on groundwater for drinking water (Solley et al., 1998). As aquifer systems are developed for water supply,...
