Population dynamics of the sand shiner (notropis stramineus) in non-wadeable rivers of Iowa
C. D. Smith, T.E. Neebling, M.C. Quist
2010, Journal of Freshwater Ecology (25) 617-626
The sand shiner (Notropis stramineus) is a common cyprinid found throughout the Great Plains region of North America that plays an important ecological role in aquatic systems. This study was conducted to describe population dynamics of sand shiners including age structure, growth, mortality, and recruitment variability in 15 non-wadeable rivers...
Earth system sensitivity inferred from Pliocene modelling and data
D.J. Lunt, A.M. Haywood, G.A. Schmidt, U. Salzmann, P.J. Valdes, H.J. Dowsett
2010, Nature Geoscience (3) 60-64
Quantifying the equilibrium response of global temperatures to an increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations is one of the cornerstones of climate research. Components of the Earths climate system that vary over long timescales, such as ice sheets and vegetation, could have an important effect on this temperature sensitivity, but...
A California statewide three-dimensional seismic velocity model from both absolute and differential times
G. Lin, C.H. Thurber, H. Zhang, E. Hauksson, P.M. Shearer, F. Waldhauser, T.M. Brocher, J. Hardebeck
2010, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (100) 225-240
We obtain a seismic velocity model of the California crust and uppermost mantle using a regional-scale double-difference tomography algorithm. We begin by using absolute arrival-time picks to solve for a coarse three-dimensional (3D) P velocity (VP) model with a uniform 30 km horizontal node spacing, which we then use as...
A rain splash transport equation assimilating field and laboratory measurements
T. Dunne, D.V. Malmon, S.M. Mudd
2010, Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface (115)
Process-based models of hillslope evolution require transport equations relating sediment flux to its major controls. An equation for rain splash transport in the absence of overland flow was constructed by modifying an approach developed by Reeve (1982) and parameterizing it with measurements from single-drop laboratory experiments and simulated rainfall on...
On the application of multilevel modeling in environmental and ecological studies
Song S. Qian, Thomas F. Cuffney, Ibrahim Alameddine, Gerard McMahon, Kenneth H. Reckhow
2010, Ecology (91) 355-361
This paper illustrates the advantages of a multilevel/hierarchical approach for predictive modeling, including flexibility of model formulation, explicitly accounting for hierarchical structure in the data, and the ability to predict the outcome of new cases. As a generalization of the classical approach, the multilevel modeling approach explicitly models the hierarchical...
Yearling greater sage-grouse response to energy development in Wyoming
M.J. Holloran, R.C. Kaiser, W.A. Hubert
2010, Journal of Wildlife Management (74) 65-72
Sagebrush (Artemisia spp.)-dominated habitats in the western United States have experienced extensive, rapid changes due to development of natural-gas fields, resulting in localized declines of greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) populations. It is unclear whether population declines in natural-gas fields are caused by avoidance or demographic impacts, or the age classes...
Quality of the log-geometric distribution extrapolation for smaller undiscovered oil and gas pool size
L. Chenglin, Ronald R. Charpentier
2010, Natural Resources Research (19) 11-21
The U.S. Geological Survey procedure for the estimation of the general form of the parent distribution requires that the parameters of the log-geometric distribution be calculated and analyzed for the sensitivity of these parameters to different conditions. In this study, we derive the shape factor of a log-geometric distribution from...
Impacts of precipitation seasonality and ecosystem types on evapotranspiration in the Yukon River Basin, Alaska
W. Yuan, S. Liu, H. Liu, J. T. Randerson, G. Yu, L.L. Tieszen
2010, Water Resources Research (46) 1-16
Evapotranspiration (ET) is the largest component of water loss from terrestrial ecosystems; however, large uncertainties exist when estimating the temporal and spatial variations of ET because of concurrent shifts in the magnitude and seasonal distribution of precipitation as well as differences in the response of ecosystem ET to environmental variabilities....
HiRISE observations of gas sublimation-driven activity in Mars' southern polar regions: III. Models of processes involving translucent ice
Ganna Portyankina, Wojciech J. Markiewicz, Nicolas Thomas, Candice J. Hansen, Moses P. Milazzo
2010, Icarus (205) 311-320
Enigmatic surface features, known as 'spiders', found at high southern martian latitudes, are probably caused by sublimation-driven erosion under the seasonal carbon dioxide ice cap. The Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) has imaged this terrain in unprecedented details throughout southern spring. It has been postulated...
Milankovitch-scale correlations between deeply buried microbial populations and biogenic ooze lithology
I.W. Aiello, B.A. Bekins
2010, Geology (38) 79-82
The recent discoveries of large, active populations of microbes in the subseafloor of the world's oceans supports the impact of the deep biosphere biota on global biogeochemical cycles and raises important questions concerning the functioning of these extreme environments for life. These investigations demonstrated that subseafloor microbes are unevenly distributed...
Bringing wisents back to the Caucasus Mountains: 70 years of a grand mission
Taras Sipko, Sergei Trepet, Peter J. Gogan, Ivan Mizin
2010, European Bison Conservation Newletter (3) 33-44
We describe the history of mountain wisent restoration in the north-west Caucasus region. We review information on wisent during the 18th and 19th centuries, contemporary regional development and reasons for wisent extirpation. We emphasize the key role of the Kuban Hunting Reserve as a main factor in preserving wisent in...
Landscape effects on diets of two canids in Northwestern Texas: A multinomial modeling approach
P.R. Lemons, J.S. Sedinger, M.P. Herzog, P. S. Gipson, R.L. Gilliland
2010, Journal of Mammalogy (91) 66-78
Analyses of feces, stomach contents, and regurgitated pellets are common techniques for assessing diets of vertebrates and typically contain more than 1 food item per sampling unit. When analyzed, these individual food items have traditionally been treated as independent, which represents pseudoreplication. When food types are recorded as present or...
Seismicity and fluid geochemistry at Lassen Volcanic National Park, California: Evidence for two circulation cells in the hydrothermal system
Cathy J. Janik, Marcia K. McLaren
2010, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research (189) 257-277
Seismic analysis and geochemical interpretations provide evidence that two separate hydrothermal cells circulate within the greater Lassen hydrothermal system. One cell originates south to SW of Lassen Peak and within the Brokeoff Volcano depression where it forms a reservoir of hot fluid (235–270°C) that boils to feed steam to the...
Geologie study off gravels of the Agua Fria River, Phoenix, AZ
W. H. Langer, E. Dewitt, D.T. Adams, T. O’Briens
2010, Mining Engineering (62) 27-31
The annual consumption of sand and gravel aggregate in 2006 in the Phoenix, AZ metropolitan area was about 76 Mt (84 million st) (USGS, 2009), or about 18 t (20 st) per capita. Quaternary alluvial deposits in the modern stream channel of the Agua Fria River west of Phoenix are...
Night sampling improves indices used for management of yellow perch in Lake Erie
P.M. Kocovsky, M.A. Stapanian, C.T. Knight
2010, Fisheries Management and Ecology (17) 10-18
Catch rate (catch per hour) was examined for age-0 and age-1 yellow perch, Perca flavescens (Mitchill), captured in bottom trawls from 1991 to 2005 in western Lake Erie: (1) to examine variation of catch rate among years, seasons, diel periods and their interactions; and (2) to determine whether sampling during...
Multi-species occurrence models to evaluate the effects of conservation and management actions
E.F. Zipkin, Royle J. Andrew, D.K. Dawson, S. Bates
2010, Biological Conservation (143) 479-484
Conservation and management actions often have direct and indirect effects on a wide range of species. As such, it is important to evaluate the impacts that such actions may have on both target and non-target species within a region. Understanding how species richness and composition differ as a result of...
Longitudinal differences in habitat complexity and fish assemblage structure of a great plains river
J.L. Eitzmann, C.P. Paukert
2010, American Midland Naturalist (163) 14-32
We investigated the spatial variation in the Kansas River (USA) fish assemblage to determine how fish community structure changes with habitat complexity in a large river. Fishes were collected at ten sites throughout the Kansas River for assessing assemblage structure in summer 2007. Aerial imagery indicated riparian land use within...
Headwater streams and forest management: does ecoregional context influence logging effects on benthic communities?
R. Bruce Medhurst, Mark S. Wipfli, Chris Binckley, Karl Polivka, Paul F. Hessburg, R. Brion Salter
2010, Hydrobiologia (641) 71-83
Effects of forest management on stream communities have been widely documented, but the role that climate plays in the disturbance outcomes is not understood. In order to determine whether the effect of disturbance from forest management on headwater stream communities varies by climate, we evaluated benthic macroinvertebrate communities in 24...
Aeolian bedforms, yardangs, and indurated surfaces in the Tharsis Montes as seen by the HiRISE Camera: Evidence for dust aggregates
Nathan T. Bridges, Maria E. Banks, Ross A. Beyer, Frank C. Chuang, Eldar Z. Noe Dobrea, Kenneth E. Herkenhoff, Laszlo P. Keszthelyi, K.E. Fishbaugh, Alfred S. McEwen, Timothy I. Michaels, B.J. Thomson, James J. Wray
2010, Icarus (205) 165-182
HiRISE images of Mars with ground sampling down to 25 cm/pixel show that the dust-rich mantle covering the surfaces of the Tharsis Montes is organized into ridges whose form and distribution are consistent with formation by aeolian saltation. Other dusty areas near the volcanoes and elsewhere on the planet exhibit...
New and interesting species of the genus Muelleria (Bacillariophyta) from the Antarctic region and South Africa
B. Van De Vijver, G. Mataloni, L. Stanish, S. A. Spaulding
2010, Phycologia (49) 22-41
During a survey of the terrestrial diatom flora of some sub-Antarctic islands in the southern Indian and Atlantic Oceans and of the Antarctic continent, more than 15 taxa belonging to the genus Muelleria were observed. Nine of these taxa are described as new species using light and scanning electron microscopy....
Increase in lake trout reproduction in Lake Huron following the collapse of alewife: Relief from thiamine deficiency or larval predation?
J.D. Fitzsimons, S. Brown, L. Brown, D. Honeyfield, J. He, J.E. Johnson
2010, Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management (13) 73-84
In the Great Lakes there is still uncertainty as to the population level effects of a thiamine deficiency on salmonines caused by high consumption of alewives Alosa pseudoharengus. A resurgence of lake trout Salvelinus namaycush reproduction in Lake Huron following the crash of alewife stocks between 2002 and 2004 provided...
Long-term variability in Northern Hemisphere snow cover and associations with warmer winters
G.J. McCabe, D.M. Wolock
2010, Climatic Change (99) 141-153
A monthly snow accumulation and melt model is used with gridded monthly temperature and precipitation data for the Northern Hemisphere to generate time series of March snow-covered area (SCA) for the period 1905 through 2002. The time series of estimated SCA for March is verified by comparison with previously published...
Potential economic benefits of adapting agricultural production systems to future climate change
Daniel B. Fagre, Gregory Pederson, Lindsey E. Bengtson, Tony Prato, Zeyuan Qui, Jimmie R. Williams
2010, Environmental Management (45) 577-589
Potential economic impacts of future climate change on crop enterprise net returns and annual net farm income (NFI) are evaluated for small and large representative farms in Flathead Valley in Northwest Montana. Crop enterprise net returns and NFI in an historical climate period (1960–2005) and future climate period (2006–2050) are...
Housing growth in and near United States protected areas limits their conservation value
V. C. Radeloff, S. I. Stewart, T. J. Hawbaker, U. Gimmi, A.M. Pidgeon, C.H. Flather, R. B. Hammer, D.P. Helmers
2010, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (107) 940-945
Protected areas are crucial for biodiversity conservation because they provide safe havens for species threatened by land-use change and resulting habitat loss. However, protected areas are only effective when they stop habitat loss within their boundaries, and are connected via corridors to other wild areas. The effectiveness of protected areas...
Reconciling uncertain costs and benefits in bayes nets for invasive species management
M.A. Burgman, B.A. Wintle, C. A. Thompson, A. Moilanen, M.C. Runge, Y. Ben-Haim
2010, Risk Analysis (30) 277-284
Bayes nets are used increasingly to characterize environmental systems and formalize probabilistic reasoning to support decision making. These networks treat probabilities as exact quantities. Sensitivity analysis can be used to evaluate the importance of assumptions and parameter estimates. Here, we outline an application of info-gap theory to Bayes nets that...
