Vulnerability of shallow groundwater and drinking-water wells to nitrate in the United States
Bernard T. Nolan, Kerie J. Hitt
2006, Environmental Science & Technology (40) 7834-7840
Two nonlinear models were developed at the national scale to (1) predict contamination of shallow ground water (typically < 5 m deep) by nitrate from nonpoint sources and (2) to predict ambient nitrate concentration in deeper supplies used for drinking. The new models have several advantages over previous national-scale approaches....
Michigan Water Year 2005
S. P. Blumer, C.R. Whited, J.M. Ellis, R. J. Minnerick, R.L. LeuVoy
2006, Water Resources Data MI-05-1
This volume of the annual hydrologic data report of Michigan is one of a series of annual reports that document hydrologic data gathered from the U.S. Geological Survey's surface- and ground-water data-collection networks in each state, Puerto Rico, and the Trust Territories. These records of streamflow, ground-water levels, and quality...
Reply to comment on ‘Characterization of surface and ground water δ18O seasonal variation and its use for estimating groundwater residence times’ by R. E. Criss and W. E. Winston
Michael M. Reddy, Paul Schuster, Carol Kendall, Micaela B. Reddy
2006, Hydrological Processes (20) 3573-3578
No abstract available ...
The role of fire refugia in the distribution of Pinus sabiniana (Pinaceae) in the southern Sierra Nevada
Dylan W. Schwilk, Jon E. Keeley
2006, Madroño (53) 364-372
Although widespread throughout the interior foothills of central and northern California, Pinus sabiniana Dougl. has a disjunct distribution in the southern Sierra Nevada, where it is abundant in the Kern River and Tule River watersheds, but is absent from the Kaweah River watershed between 36° and 37°N. This gap in the pine's...
Tracermodel1- Excel workbook for calculation and presentation of environmental tracer data for simple groundwater mixtures: Use of chlorofluorocarbons in hydrology - a guidebook; Section III.10.3
J.K. Bohlke
2006, Report
Atmospheric environmental tracers commonly used to date groundwater on timescales of years to decades include CFC-11, CFC-12, CFC-113, SF6, 85Kr, 3 H and 3 H/3 H0 , where 3 H0 refers to initial tritium (3 H + tritiogenic 3 He) (Cook and Herczeg, 2000). Interpretation of age from environmental tracer...
Influence of beaver activity on summer growth and condition of age-2 Atlantic salmon parr
Douglas B. Sigourney, B. H. Letcher, R.A. Cunjak
2006, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society (135) 1068-1075
The activity of beavers Castor canadensis in freshwater environments can have considerable localized impacts on the physical and biological components of riparian ecosystems. By changing the habitat of a stream, beaver dams can cause spatial variation in growth opportunity that may have direct consequences for the growth of resident fish....
Environmental threats to tidal-marsh vertebrates of the San Francisco Bay estuary
John Y. Takekawa, I. Woo, Hildie Spautz, N. Nur, Grenier J. Letitia, K. Malamud-Roam, Nordby J. Cully, A.N. Cohen, F. Malamud-Roam, Wainwright-De La Cruz
Greenberg R.Maldonado J.E.Droege S.McDonald M.V., editor(s)
2006, Studies in Avian Biology 176-197
The San Francisco Bay and delta system comprises the largest estuary along the Pacific Coast of the Americas and the largest remaining area for tidal-marsh vertebrates, yet tidal marshes have been dramatically altered since the middle of the 19th century. Although recent efforts to restore ecological functions are notable, numerous...
Sediment mineralogy based on visible and near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy
R. D. Jarrard, Vanden Berg
Rothwell R.G., editor(s)
2006, Geological Society Special Publication 129-140
Visible and near-infrared spectroscopy (VNIS) can be used to measure reflectance spectra (wavelength 350-2500 nm) for sediment cores and samples. A local ground-truth calibration of spectral features to mineral percentages is calculated by measuring reflectance spectra for a suite of samples of known mineralogy. This approach has been tested on...
History of the Fort Collins Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey
Thomas J. (compiler) O'Shea
2006, Open-File Report 2006-1336
The U.S. Geological Survey’s Fort Collins Science Center ("the Center") has been a nucleus of research, technology development, and associated scientific activities within the Department of the Interior for more than 30 years. The Center’s historical activities are deeply rooted in federal biological resources research and its supporting disciplines, particularly...
Users' manual for the Hydroecological Integrity Assessment Process software (including the New Jersey Assessment Tools)
James A. Henriksen, John Heasley, Jonathan G. Kennen, Steven Nieswand
2006, Open-File Report 2006-1093
This manual is a user’s guide to four computer software tools that have been developed for the Hydroecological Integrity Assessment Process. The Hydroecological Integrity Assessment Process recognizes that streamflow is strongly related to many critical physiochemical components of rivers, such as dissolved oxygen, channel geomorphology, and water temperature, and can...
2005 annual progress report: Elk and bison grazing ecology in the Great Sand Dunes complex of lands
Kate A. Schoenecker, Bruce C. Lubow, Linda Zeigenfuss, Julie Mao
2006, Open-File Report 2006-1267
In 2000 the U.S. Congress authorized the expansion of the former Great Sand Dunes National Monument by establishing a new Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve in its place, and establishing the Baca National Wildlife Refuge. The establishment of Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve and the new...
Ecology of bonytail and razorback sucker and the role of off-channel habitats in their recovery
Gordon A. Mueller
2006, Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5065
The bonytail and razorback sucker are two of four endangered mainstem fishes found in the Colorado River. Unlike the Colorado pikeminnow and humpback chub, wild populations of the bonytail and razorback sucker are either extirpated from the mainstem river or are nearly so. Agencies are aggressively stocking these fish and...
Defining ecosystem flow requirements for the Bill Williams River, Arizona
Patrick B. Shafroth, Vanessa B. Beauchamp, editor(s)
2006, Open-File Report 2006-1314
Alteration of natural river flows resulting from the construction and operation of dams can result in substantial changes to downstream aquatic and bottomland ecosystems and undermine the long-term health of native species and communities (for general review, cf. Ward and Stanford, 1995; Baron and others, 2002; Nilsson and Svedmark, 2002)....
Tamarisk control, water salvage, and wildlife habitat restoration along rivers in the western United States
Patrick B. Shafroth
2006, Fact Sheet 2006-3071
In the latter part of the 19th century, species of the nonnative shrub tamarisk (also called saltcedar; for example, Tamarix ramosissima, T. chinensis) were introduced to the United States for use as ornamental plants for erosion control. By 1877, some naturalized populations had become established, and by the 1960s, tamarisk...
"HIP" new software: The Hydroecological Integrity Assessment Process
Jim Henriksen, Juliette T. Wilson
2006, Fact Sheet 2006-3088
Managing rivers and streams to maintain healthy aquatic ecosystems is a challenge for resource managers across the country. Demand for competing uses of water resources grows with escalating development, increasing recreational use, and the vagaries of climate and weather. For many species of concern, instream flow and associated water quality...
Assessment of factors limiting Klamath River fall Chinook salmon production potential using historical flows and temperatures
John M. Bartholow, James A. Henriksen
2006, Open-File Report 2006-1249
We parameterized and applied a deterministic salmon production model to infer the degree to which river flows and temperatures may limit freshwater production potential of the Klamath River in California. Specific parameter requirements, data sources, and significant assumptions are discussed in detail. Model simulations covered a wide variety of historical...
The Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative (ARMI): 5-year report
Erin Muths, Alisa L. Gallant, Evan H. Campbell Grant, William A. Battaglin, David E. Green, Jennifer S. Staiger, Susan C. Walls, Margaret S. Gunzburger, Rick F. Kearney
2006, Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5224
The Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative (ARMI) is an innovative, multidisciplinary program that began in 2000 in response to a congressional directive for the Department of the Interior to address the issue of amphibian declines in the United States. ARMI’s formulation was cross-disciplinary, integrating U.S. Geological Survey scientists from Biology,...
Deschutes Estuary feasibility study: Hydrodynamics and sediment transport modeling
Douglas A. George, Guy Gelfenbaum, Giles Lesser, Andrew W. Stevens
2006, Open-File Report 2006-1318
Continual sediment accumulation in Capitol Lake since the damming of the Deschutes River in 1951 has altered the initial morphology of the basin. As part of the Deschutes River Estuary Feasibility Study (DEFS), the United States Geological Survey (USGS) was tasked to model how tidal and storm processes will influence...
Determination of the δ34S of Total Sulfur in Solids: RSIL Lab Code 1800
Kinga Revesz, Tyler B. Coplen
2006, Techniques and Methods 10-C4
The purpose of Reston Stable Isotope Laboratory Lab (RSIL) Code 1800 is to determine the δ(34S/32S), abbreviated as δ34S, of total sulfur in a solid sample. A Carlo Erba NC 2500 elemental analyzer (EA) is used to convert total sulfur in a solid sample into SO2 gas. The EA is...
Water quality of the Crescent River basin, Lake Clark National Park and Preserve, Alaska, 2003-2004
Timothy P. Brabets, Robert T. Ourso
2006, Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5151
The U.S. Geological Survey and the National Park Service conducted a water-quality investigation of the Crescent River Basin in Lake Clark National Park and Preserve from May 2003 through September 2004. The Crescent River Basin was studied because it has a productive sockeye salmon run that is important to the...
Determination of uranyl incorporation into biogenic manganese oxides using X-ray absorption spectroscopy and scattering
S.M. Webb, C. C. Fuller, B.M. Tebo, J.R. Bargar
2006, Environmental Science & Technology (40) 771-777
Βiogenic manganese oxides are common and an important source of reactive mineral surfaces in the environment that may be potentially enhanced in bioremediation cases to improve natural attenuation. Experiments were performed in which the uranyl ion, UO22+ (U(VI)), at various concentrations was present during manganese oxide biogenesis. At...
Effects of enhanced zinc and copper in drinking water on spatial memory and fear conditioning
L.D. Chrosniak, L.N. Smith, C.G. McDonald, B.F. Jones, J.M. Flinn
2006, Journal of Geochemical Exploration (88) 91-94
Ingestion of enhanced zinc can cause memory impairments and copper deficiencies. This study examined the effect of zinc supplementation, with and without copper, on two types of memory. Rats raised pre- and post-natally on 10 mg/kg ZnCO3 or ZnSO4 in the drinking water were tested in a fear-conditioning experiment at...
Water-quality characteristics and contaminants in the rural karst-dominated Spring Mill Lake watershed, southern Indiana
N.R. Hasenmueller, M.A. Buehler, N.C. Krothe, J.B. Comer, T.D. Branam, M.V. Ennis, R.T. Smith, D.D. Zamani, L. Hahn, J.P. Rybarczyk
2006, Special Paper of the Geological Society of America 153-167
The Spring Mill Lake watershed is located in the Mitchell Plateau, a karst area that developed on Mississippian carbonates in southern Indiana. Spring Mill Lake is a reservoir built in the late 1930s and is located in Spring Mill State Park. Within the park, groundwater from subsurface conduits issues as...
Sulfate deposition in subsurface regolith in Gusev crater, Mars
A. Wang, L.A. Haskin, S. W. Squyres, B.L. Jolliff, L. Crumpler, Ralf Gellert, C. Schroder, Kenneth E. Herkenhoff, J. Hurowitz, N.J. Tosca, W. H. Farrand, R. Anderson, A.T. Knudson
2006, Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets (111)
Excavating into the shallow Martian subsurface has the potential to expose stratigraphic layers and mature regolith, which may hold a record of more ancient aqueous interactions than those expected under current Martian surface conditions. During the Spirit rover's exploration of Gusev crater, rover wheels were used to dig three trenches...
An improved model for the calculation of CO2 solubility in aqueous solutions containing Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl-, and SO42-
Zhenhao Duan, R. Sun, Chen Zhu, I.-M. Chou
2006, Marine Chemistry (98) 131-139
An improved model is presented for the calculation of the solubility of carbon dioxide in aqueous solutions containing Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl-, and SO42- in a wide temperature-pressure-ionic strength range (from 273 to 533 K, from 0 to 2000 bar, and from 0 to 4.5 molality of salts) with...
