North Kona slump: Submarine flank failure during the early(?) tholeiitic shield stage of Hualalai Volcano
P. W. Lipman, M.L. Coombs
2006, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research (151) 189-216
The North Kona slump is an elliptical region, about 20 by 60 km (1000-km2 area), of multiple, geometrically intricate benches and scarps, mostly at water depths of 2000–4500 m, on the west flank of Hualalai Volcano. Two dives up steep scarps in the slump area were made in September 2001,...
Upper temperature tolerance of loach minnow under acute, chronic, and fluctuating thermal regimes
A.M. Widmer, C.J. Carveth, Scott A. Bonar, J.R. Simms
2006, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society (135) 755-762
We used four methods to estimate the upper lethal temperature of loach minnow Rhinichthys cobitis: the lethal thermal method (LTM), chronic lethal method (CLM), acclimated chronic exposure (ACE) method with static temperatures, and ACE method with diel temperature fluctuations. The upper lethal temperature of this species ranged between 32??C and...
Regulation of an unexploited brown trout population in Spruce Creek, Pennsylvania
R.F. Carline
2006, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society (135) 943-954
The purpose of this paper is to describe the annual variations in the density of an unexploited population of lotic brown trout Salmo trutta that has been censused annually for 19 years and to explore the importance of density-independent and density-dependent processes in regulating population size. Brown trout density and...
Sensitivity of two salamander (Ambystoma) species to ultraviolet radiation
R.D. Calfee, C.M. Bridges, E. E. Little
2006, Journal of Herpetology (40) 35-42
Increased ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation reaching the Earth's surface has been implicated in amphibian declines. Recent studies have shown that many amphibian species have differences in sensitivity depending on developmental stage. Embryos and larvae of Ambystoma maculatum (Spotted Salamander) and larvae of Ambystoma talpoideum (Mole Salamander) were exposed to five simulated...
Terrestrial ice streams-a view from the lobe
C.E. Jennings
2006, Geomorphology (75) 100-124
The glacial landforms of Minnesota are interpreted as the products of the lobate extensions of ice streams that issued from various ice sheds within the Laurentide Ice Sheet. Low-relief till plains, trough-shaped lowlands, boulder pavements, and streamlined forms make up the subglacial landsystem in Minnesota that is interpreted as having...
Denitrification in nitrate-rich streams: Application of N2:Ar and 15N-tracer methods in intact cores
Lesley K. Smith, M.A. Voytek, J.K. Böhlke, J. W. Harvey
2006, Ecological Applications (16) 2191-2207
Rates of benthic denitrification were measured using two techniques, membrane inlet mass spectrometry (MIMS) and isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS), applied to sediment cores from two NO3−‐rich streams draining agricultural land in the upper Mississippi River Basin. Denitrification was estimated simultaneously from measurements of N2:Ar (MIMS) and 15N[N2]...
Gas hydrate transect across northern Cascadia margin
M. Riedel, T. Collett, M. Malone, F. Akiba, M. Blanc-Valleron, M. Ellis, G. Guerin, Y. Hashimoto, V. Heuer, Y. Higashi, M. Holland, P. Jackson, M. Kaneko, M. Kastner, J.-H. Kim, H. Kitajima, P. Long, A. Malinverno, Gwen E. Myers, L. Palekar, J. Pohlman, P. Schultheiss, B. Teichert, M. Torres, A. Trehu, Jingyuan Wang, U. Worthmann, H. Yoshioka
2006, Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union (87) 329-330
Gas hydrate is a solid compound mainly comprised of methane and water that is stable under low temperature and high pressure conditions. Usually found in offshore environments with water depths exceeding about 500 meters and in arctic regions associated with permafrost, gas hydrates form an efficient storage system for natural...
Nature and characteristics of the flows that carved the Simud and Tiu outflow channels, Mars
J.A.P. Rodriguez, K. L. Tanaka, H. Miyamoto, S. Sasaki
2006, Geophysical Research Letters (33)
Geomorphic and topographic relations of higher and lower levels of dissection within the Simud and Tiu Valles outflow channels on Mars reveal new insights into their formational histories. We find that the water floods that carved the higher channel floors were primarily sourced from Hydaspis Chaos. The floods apparently branched...
Successful nesting by a Bald Eagle pair in prairie grasslands of the Texas Panhandle
G.W. Boal, M.D. Giovanni, B.N. Beall
2006, Western North American Naturalist (66) 246-250
We observed a breeding Bald Eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) pair nesting in a short-grass prairie and agricultural community on the southern Great Plains of the Texas Panhandle in 2004 and 2005. The nesting eagles produced 1 fledgling in 2004 and 2 fledglings in 2005. Our assessment of landcover types within...
Explicit use of the Biot coefficient in predicting shear-wave velocity of water-saturated sediments
Myung W. Lee
2006, Geophysical Prospecting (54) 177-185
Predicting the shear-wave (S-wave) velocity is important in seismic modelling, amplitude analysis with offset, and other exploration and engineering applications. Under the low-frequency approximation, the classical Biot-Gassmann theory relates the Biot coefficient to the bulk modulus of water-saturated sediments. If the Biot coefficient under in situ conditions can be estimated,...
Ground-water surface-water interactions and long-term change in riverine riparian vegetation in the southwestern United States
R. H. Webb, S. A. Leake
2006, Conference Paper, Journal of Hydrology
Riverine riparian vegetation has changed throughout the southwestern United States, prompting concern about losses of habitat and biodiversity. Woody riparian vegetation grows in a variety of geomorphic settings ranging from bedrock-lined channels to perennial streams crossing deep alluvium and is dependent on interaction between ground-water and surface-water resources. Historically, few...
Nitrogen loads to estuaries from waste water plumes: Modeling and isotopic approaches
K.D. Kroeger, Marci L. Cole, J.K. York, I. Valiela
2006, Ground Water (44) 188-200
We developed, and applied in two sites, novel methods to measure ground water-borne nitrogen loads to receiving estuaries from plumes resulting from land disposal of waste water treatment plant (WWTP) effluent. In addition, we quantified nitrogen losses from WWTP effluent during transport through watersheds. WWTP load to receiving water was...
Response of microbial community composition and function to soil climate change
M. P. Waldrop, M.K. Firestone
2006, Microbial Ecology (52) 716-724
Soil microbial communities mediate critical ecosystem carbon and nutrient cycles. How microbial communities will respond to changes in vegetation and climate, however, are not well understood. We reciprocally transplanted soil cores from under oak canopies and adjacent open grasslands in a California oak-grassland ecosystem to determine how microbial communities respond...
Evaluation of gridded snow water equivalent and satellite snow cover products for mountain basins in a hydrologic model
K.A. Dressler, G.H. Leavesley, R.C. Bales, S.R. Fassnacht
2006, Conference Paper, Hydrological Processes
The USGS precipitation-runoff modelling system (PRMS) hydrologic model was used to evaluate experimental, gridded, 1 km2 snow-covered area (SCA) and snow water equivalent (SWE) products for two headwater basins within the Rio Grande (i.e. upper Rio Grande River basin) and Salt River (i.e. Black River basin) drainages in the southwestern...
Scale effects of hydrostratigraphy and recharge zonation on base flow
P. F. Juckem, R. J. Hunt, Marilyn P. Anderson
2006, Ground Water (44) 362-370
Uncertainty regarding spatial variations of model parameters often results in the simplifying assumption that parameters are spatially uniform. However, spatial variability may be important in resource assessment and model calibration. In this paper, a methodology is presented for estimating a critical basin size, above which base flows appear to be...
Episodic fresh surface waters in the Eocene Arctic Ocean
H. Brinkhuis, S. Schouten, M.E. Collinson, A. Sluijs, J.S.S. Damste, G.R. Dickens, M. Huber, T. M. Cronin, J. Onodera, K. Takahashi, J.P. Bujak, R. Stein, J. Van Der Burgh, J.S. Eldrett, I.C. Harding, A.F. Lotter, F. Sangiorgi, H.V.K.V. Cittert, J. W. De Leeuw, J. Matthiessen, J. Backman, K. Moran
2006, Nature (441) 606-609
It has been suggested, on the basis of modern hydrology and fully coupled palaeoclimate simulations, that the warm greenhouse conditions that characterized the early Palaeogene period (55-45 Myr ago) probably induced an intensified hydrological cycle with precipitation exceeding evaporation at high latitudes. Little field evidence, however, has been available to...
Application of Bacteroides fragilis phage as an alternative indicator of sewage pollution in Tampa Bay, Florida
M.R. McLaughlin, J.B. Rose
2006, Estuaries and Coasts (29) 246-256
Traditional fecal coliform bacterial indicators have been found to be severely limited in determining the significance and sources of fecal contamination in ambient waters of tropical and subtropical regions. The bacteriophages that infectBacteroides fragilis have been suggested as better fecal indicators and at least one type may be human specific. In...
Diversity, composition, and geographical distribution of microbial communities in California salt marsh sediments
A. L. Cordova-Kreylos, Y. Cao, P.G. Green, H.-M. Hwang, K.M. Kuivila, M.G. LaMontagne, L. C. Van De Werfhorst, P.A. Holden, K.M. Scow
2006, Applied and Environmental Microbiology (72) 3357-3366
The Pacific Estuarine Ecosystem Indicators Research Consortium seeks to develop bioindicators of toxicant-induced stress and bioavailability for wetland biota. Within this framework, the effects of environmental and pollutant variables on microbial communities were studied at different spatial scales over a 2-year period. Six salt marshes along the California coastline were...
Long-term eruptive activity at a submarine arc volcano
R.W. Embley, W.W. Chadwick Jr., E.T. Baker, D.A. Butterfield, J.A. Resing, Cornel E. J. de Ronde, V. Tunnicliffe, J.E. Lupton, S.K. Juniper, K.H. Rubin, R. J. Stern, G.T. Lebon, K.-I. Nakamura, S.G. Merle, J.R. Hein, D.A. Wiens, Y. Tamura
2006, Nature (441) 494-497
Three-quarters of the Earth's volcanic activity is submarine, located mostly along the mid-ocean ridges, with the remainder along intraoceanic arcs and hotspots at depths varying from greater than 4,000 m to near the sea surface. Most observations and sampling of submarine eruptions have been indirect, made from surface vessels or...
Measuring groundwater-surface water interaction and its effect on wetland stream benthic productivity, Trout Lake watershed, northern Wisconsin, USA
R. J. Hunt, M. Strand, J.F. Walker
2006, Conference Paper, Journal of Hydrology
Measurements of groundwater-surface water exchange at three wetland stream sites were related to patterns in benthic productivity as part of the US Geological Survey's Northern Temperate Lakes-Water, Energy and Biogeochemical Budgets (NTL-WEBB) project. The three sites included one high groundwater discharge (HGD) site, one weak groundwater discharge (WGD) site, and...
Geophysical evaluation of the Success Dam foundation, Porterville, California
L. E. Hunter, M.H. Powers, S. Haines, T. Asch, B.L. Burton, D.C. Serafini
2006, Conference Paper, Association of State Dam Safety Officials - Dam Safety 2006, Proceedings from the 2006 Annual Conference
Success Dam is a zonedearth fill embankment located near Porterville, CA. Studies of Success Dam by the recent Dam Safety Assurance Program (DSAP) have demonstrated the potential for seismic instability and large deformation of the dam due to relatively low levels of earthquake shaking. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers...
Advances in recreational water quality monitoring at Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore
Wendy Smith, Meredith Nevers, Richard L. Whitman
2006, Park Science (24) 19-23
Indiana Dunes has improved its ability to protect the health of swimmers through better science-based management and increased understanding of contaminants. Most research has focused on Escherichia coli and its nature, sources, and distribution because it is widely accepted as an indicator of potential pathogens. Though research on E. coli...
Groundwater-supported evapotranspiration within glaciated watersheds under conditions of climate change
D. Cohen, M. Person, R. Daannen, S. Locke, D. Dahlstrom, V. Zabielski, T. C. Winter, D.O. Rosenberry, H. Wright, E. Ito, J.L. Nieber, W.J. Gutowski Jr.
2006, Conference Paper, Journal of Hydrology
This paper analyzes the effects of geology and geomorphology on surface-water/-groundwater interactions, evapotranspiration, and recharge under conditions of long-term climatic change. Our analysis uses hydrologic data from the glaciated Crow Wing watershed in central Minnesota, USA, combined with a hydrologic model of transient coupled unsaturated/saturated flow (HYDRAT2D). Analysis of historical...
Coastal groundwater/surface-water interactions: a Great Lakes case study
Brian P. Neff, Sheridan K. Haack, Donald O. Rosenberry, Jacqueline F. Savino, Scott C. Lundstrom
2006, Book chapter, Coastal hydrology and processes
Key similarities exist between marine and Great Lakes coastal environments. Water and nutrient fluxes across lakebeds in the Great Lakes are influenced by seiche and wind set-up and set-down, analogous to tidal influence in marine settings. Groundwater/surface-water interactions also commonly involve a saline-fresh water interface, although in the Great-Lakes cases,...
Diatom diversity in chronically versus episodically acidified adirondack streams
S.I. Passy, I. Ciugulea, G.B. Lawrence
2006, International Review of Hydrobiology (91) 594-608
The relationship between algal species richness and diversity, and pH is controversial. Furthermore, it is still unknown how episodic stream acidification following atmospheric deposition affects species richness and diversity. Here we analyzed water chemistry and diatom epiphyton dynamics and showed their contrasting behavior in chronically vs. episodically acidic streams in...
