Measurement of illite particle thickness using a direct Fourier transform of small-angle X-ray scattering data
Chao Shang, James A. Rice, Dennis D. Eberl, Jar-Shyong Lin
2003, Clays and Clay Minerals (51) 293-300
It has been suggested that interstratified illite-smectite (I-S) minerals are composed of aggregates of fundamental particles. Many attempts have been made to measure the thickness of such fundamental particles, but each of the methods used suffers from its own limitations and uncertainties. Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) can be used to...
Volcano seismology
B. Chouet
2003, Pure and Applied Geophysics (160) 739-788
A fundamental goal of volcano seismology is to understand active magmatic systems, to characterize the configuration of such systems, and to determine the extent and evolution of source regions of magmatic energy. Such understanding is critical to our assessment of eruptive behavior and its hazardous impacts. With the emergence of...
Atmospheric deposition maps for the Rocky Mountains
L. Nanus, K. Campbell, G.P. Ingersoll, D. W. Clow, M.A. Mast
2003, Atmospheric Environment (37) 4881-4892
Variability in atmospheric deposition across the Rocky Mountains is influenced by elevation, slope, aspect, and precipitation amount and by regional and local sources of air pollution. To improve estimates of deposition in mountainous regions, maps of average annual atmospheric deposition loadings of nitrate, sulfate, and acidity were developed for the...
Isotopic age of the Black Forest Bed, Petrified Forest Member, Chinle Formation, Arizona: An example of dating a continental sandstone
N. R. Riggs, S.R. Ash, A. P. Barth, G. E. Gehrels, J. L. Wooden
2003, Geological Society of America Bulletin (115) 1315-1323
Zircons from the Black Forest Bed, Petrified Forest Member, Chinle Formation, in Petrified Forest National Park, yield ages that range from Late Triassic to Late Archean. Grains were analyzed by multigrain TIMS (thermal-ionization mass spectrometry), single-crystal TIMS, and SHRIMP (sensitive, high-resolution ion-microprobe). Multiple-grain analysis yielded a discordia trajectory with a...
Percolation induced heat transfer in deep unsaturated zones
N. Lu, G.D. LeCain
2003, Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering (129) 1040-1053
Subsurface temperature data from a borehole located in a desert wash were measured and used to delineate the conductive and advective heat transfer regimes, and to estimate the percolation quantity associated with the 1997-1998 El Ni??no precipitation. In an arid environment, conductive heat transfer dominates the variation of shallow subsurface...
Field evaluation of boat-mounted acoustic Doppler instruments used to measure streamflow
D. S. Mueller
Rizoli J.A., editor(s)
2003, Conference Paper, Proceedings of the IEEE Working Conference on Current Measurement
The use of instruments based on the Doppler principle for measuring water velocity and computing discharge is common within the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). The instruments and software have changed appreciably during the last 5 years; therefore, the USGS has begun field validation of the instruments used to make discharge...
Surface wave tomography of North America and the Caribbean using global and regional broad-band networks: Phase velocity maps and limitations of ray theory
S. Godey, R. Snieder, A. Villasenor, H.M. Benz
2003, Geophysical Journal International (152) 620-632
We present phase velocity maps of fundamental mode Rayleigh waves across the North American and Caribbean plates. Our data set consists of 1846 waveforms from 172 events recorded at 91 broad-band stations operating in North America. We compute phase velocity maps in four narrow period bands between 50 and 150...
Using multiple logistic regression and GIS technology to predict landslide hazard in northeast Kansas, USA
G.C. Ohlmacher, J.C. Davis
2003, Engineering Geology (69) 331-343
Landslides in the hilly terrain along the Kansas and Missouri rivers in northeastern Kansas have caused millions of dollars in property damage during the last decade. To address this problem, a statistical method called multiple logistic regression has been used to create a landslide-hazard map for Atchison, Kansas, and surrounding...
Downstream movement of mature eels in a hydroelectric reservoir in New Zealand
E.M. Watene, J.A.T. Boubee, A. Haro
2003, American Fisheries Society Symposium (2003) 295-305
This study investigates the behavior of migrant eels as they approached the Patea hydroelectric dam on the West Coast of the North Island, New Zealand. Seventeen mature migrant eels (870-1,240 mm; 2,000-6,380 g) were implanted with coded acoustic transmitters and released. Their movements in the reservoir were monitored for 14...
Sedimentation rates in the marshes of Sand Lake National Wildlife Refuge
R.A. Gleason, N.H. Euliss Jr., C. W. Holmes
2003, Report
Impoundments located within river systems in the Northern Great Plains are vulnerable to sediment inputs because intensive agriculture in watersheds has increased soil erosion and sediments in rivers. At the request of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS), we evaluated the vertical accretion of sediment in the Mud Lake...
Modeling the Radiance of the Moon for On-orbit Calibration
T.C. Stone, H. H. Kieffer, K.J. Becker
Barnes W.L., editor(s)
2003, Conference Paper, Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering
The RObotic Lunar Observatory (ROLO) project has developed radiometric models of the Moon for disk-integrated irradiance and spatially resolved radiance. Although the brightness of the Moon varies spatially and with complex dependencies upon illumination and viewing geometry, the surface photometric properties are extremely stable, and therefore potentially knowable to high...
Variation in habitat use by juvenile Acadian redfish, Sebastes fasciatus
P.J. Auster, J. Lindholm, P. C. Valentine
2003, Environmental Biology of Fishes (68) 381-389
A basic paradigm in behavioral ecology is that organisms expand their distribution as preferred sites become saturated with individuals that reduce the availability of resources (e.g., shelter, prey) on a per capita basis. Previous fish community studies at Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary have shown that juvenile Acadian redfish Sebastes...
A hydrologic network supporting spatially referenced regression modeling in the Chesapeake Bay watershed
J. W. Brakebill, S. D. Preston
2003, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment (81) 73-84
The U.S. Geological Survey has developed a methodology for statistically relating nutrient sources and land-surface characteristics to nutrient loads of streams. The methodology is referred to as SPAtially Referenced Regressions On Watershed attributes (SPARROW), and relates measured stream nutrient loads to nutrient sources using nonlinear statistical regression models. A spatially...
Critical pressure and multiphase flow in Blake Ridge gas hydrates
P.B. Flemings, Xiuying Liu, W.J. Winters
2003, Geology (31) 1057-1060
We use core porosity, consolidation experiments, pressure core sampler data, and capillary pressure measurements to predict water pressures that are 70% of the lithostatic stress, and gas pressures that equal the lithostatic stress beneath the methane hydrate layer at Ocean Drilling Program Site 997, Blake Ridge, offshore North Carolina. A...
Incubation behaviour of Greater Scaup Aythya marila on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska
Paul L. Flint
2003, Wildfowl (54) 71-79
This study examined the incubation behaviour of Greater Scaup Aythya marila on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska. The goals of the study were to describe the incubation behaviour of Greater Scaup in terms of incubation constancy, recess frequency and recess length. The use of endogenous reserves by Greater Scaup was examined...
Wildfire-related debris-flow generation through episodic progressive sediment-bulking processes, western USA
S.H. Cannon, J.E. Gartner, C. Parrett, M. Parise
Rickenmann D.Chen C.L., editor(s)
2003, Conference Paper, International Conference on Debris-Flow Hazards Mitigation: Mechanics, Prediction, and Assessment, Proceedings
Debris-flow initiation processes on hillslopes recently burned by wildfire differ from those generally recognized on unburned, vegetated hillslopes. These differences result from fire-induced changes in the hydrologic response to rainfall events. In this study, detailed field and aerial photographic mapping, observations, and measurements of debris-flow events from three sites in...
Copepod communities from surface and ground waters in the everglades, south Florida
M.C. Bruno, K.J. Cunningham, S.A. Perry
2003, Southeastern Naturalist (2) 523-546
We studied species composition and individual abundance of copepods in the surficial aquifer northeast of Everglades National Park. We identified the spatial distribution of subsurface habitats by assessing the depth of the high porosity layers in the limestone along a canal system, and we used copepods to assess the exchange...
Characterization of yield reduction in Ethiopia using a GIS-based crop water balance model
G.B. Senay, J. Verdin
2003, Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing (29) 687-692
In many parts of sub-Saharan Africa, subsistence agriculture is characterized by significant fluctuations in yield and production due to variations in moisture availability to staple crops. Widespread drought can lead to crop failures, with associated deterioration in food security. Ground data collection networks are sparse, so methods using geospatial rainfall...
Climate change and Arctic ecosystems: 2. Modeling, paleodata-model comparisons, and future projections
J.O. Kaplan, N.H. Bigelow, I. C. Prentice, S. P. Harrison, P. J. Bartlein, T.R. Christensen, W. Cramer, N.V. Matveyeva, A. D. McGuire, D.F. Murray, V.Y. Razzhivin, B. Smith, D.A. Walker, P. M. Anderson, A.A. Andreev, L.B. Brubaker, M. E. Edwards, A.V. Lozhkin
2003, Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres (108)
Large variations in the composition, structure, and function of Arctic ecosystems are determined by climatic gradients, especially of growing-season warmth, soil moisture, and snow cover. A unified circumpolar classification recognizing five types of tundra was developed. The geographic distributions of vegetation types north of 55°N, including the position of the...
Evidence for a Battle Mountain-Eureka crustal fault zone, north-central Nevada, and its relation to Neoproterozoic-Early Paleozoic continental breakup
V. J. S. Grauch, B. D. Rodriguez, V. Bankey, J. L. Wooden
2003, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (108)
Combined evidence from gravity, radiogenic isotope, and magnetotelluric (MT) data indicates a crustal fault zone that coincides with the northwest-trending Battle Mountain-Eureka (BME) mineral trend in north-central Nevada, USA. The BME crustal fault zone likely originated during Neoproterozoic-Early Paleozoic rifting of the continent and had a large influence on subsequent...
Atmospheric microbiology in the northern Caribbean during African dust events
Dale W. Griffin, C.A. Kellogg, V.H. Garrison, J.T. Lisle, T.C. Borden, E.A. Shinn
2003, Aerobiologia (19) 143-157
Between July 2000 and August 2001 forty-three air samples were collected in the northern Caribbean: Twenty-six in the US Virgin Islands, and 17 samples aboard ship during two 1-week cruises. Samples were collected during African dust events and non-dust conditions and screened for the presence of culturable bacteria and fungi....
Supporting users through integrated retrieval, processing, and distribution systems at the land processes distributed active archive center
T. Kalvelage, Jennifer Willems
2003, Conference Paper, 54th International Astronautical Congress of the International Astronautical Federation (IAF), the International Academy of Astronautics and the International Institute of Space Law
The design of the EOS Data and Information Systems (EOSDIS) to acquire, archive, manage and distribute Earth observation data to the broadest possible user community was discussed. A number of several integrated retrieval, processing and distribution capabilities have been explained. The value of these functions to the users were described...
The impact of a prominent rain shadow on flooding in California's Santa Cruz Mountains: A CALJET case study and sensitivity to the ENSO cycle
F.M. Ralph, P.J. Neiman, D.E. Kingsmill, P.O.G. Persson, A.B. White, E.T. Strem, E.D. Andrews, Ronald C. Antweiler
2003, Journal of Hydrometeorology (4) 1243-1264
Data from the California Land-Falling Jets Experiment (CALJET) are used to explore the causes of variations in flood severity in adjacent coastal watersheds within the Santa Cruz Mountains on 2-3 February 1998. While Pescadero Creek (rural) experienced its flood of record, the adjacent San Lorenzo Creek (heavily populated), attained only...
Evaluation of specific ultraviolet absorbance as an indicator of the chemical composition and reactivity of dissolved organic carbon
J.L. Weishaar, George R. Aiken, Brian A. Bergamaschi, Miranda S. Fram, Roger Fujii, K. Mopper
2003, Environmental Science & Technology (37) 4702-4708
Specific UV absorbance (SUVA) is defined as the UV absorbance of a water sample at a given wavelength normalized for dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration. Our data indicate that SUVA, determined at 254 nm, is strongly correlated with percent aromaticity as determined by 13C NMR for 13 organic matter isolates...
Quantitative analysis of seismic fault zone waves in the rupture zone of the 1992 Landers, California, earthquake: Evidence for a shallow trapping structure
Z. Peng, Y. Ben-Zion, A.J. Michael, L. Zhu
2003, Geophysical Journal International (155) 1021-1041
We analyse quantitatively a waveform data set of 238 earthquakes recorded by a dense seismic array across and along the rupture zone of the 1992 Landers earthquake. A grid-search method with station delay corrections is used to locate events that do not have catalogue locations. The quality of fault zone...
