Tannin diagenesis in mangrove leaves from a tropical estuary: A novel molecular approach
P.J. Hernes, R. Benner, G.L. Cowie, M.A. Goi, B.A. Bergamaschi, J. I. Hedges
2001, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (65) 3109-3122
Molecular-level condensed tannin analyses were conducted on a series of mangrove (Rhizophora mangle) leaves at various stages of decomposition in a tropical estuary. Total molecular tannin yields ranged from 0.5% ash-free dry weight (AFDW) in the most highly degraded black leaves (6-7 weeks in the water) up to >7% AFDW...
Applicability of NASQAN data for ecosystem assessments on the Missouri River
Dale W. Blevins, James Fairchild
2001, Hydrological Processes (15) 1347-1362
The effectiveness of ecological restoration efforts on large developed rivers is often unknown because comprehensive ecological monitoring programs are often absent. Although Eulerian water-quality monitoring programs, such as the National Stream Quality Accounting Network (NASQAN) program, are more common, they are usually not designed for ecological assessment. Therefore, this paper...
Effect of baseline corrections on displacements and response spectra for several recordings of the 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan, earthquake
D.M. Boore
2001, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (91) 1199-1211
Displacements derived from many of the accelerogram recordings of the 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan, earthquake show drifts when only a simple baseline derived from the pre-event portion of the record is removed from the records. The appearance of the velocity and displacement records suggests that changes in the zero level of...
Declining scaup populations: A retrospective analysis of long-term population and harvest survey data
A. D. Afton, M.G. Anderson
2001, Journal of Wildlife Management (65) 781-796
We examined long-term databases concerning population status of scaup (lesser [Aythya affinis] and greater scaup [A. marila] combined) and harvest statistics of lesser scaup to identify factors potentially limiting population growth. Specifically, we explored evidence for and against the general hypotheses that scaup populations have declined in association with declining...
National-scale, field-based evaluation of the biota - Sediment accumulation factor model
Charles S. Wong, Paul D. Capel, Lisa H. Nowell
2001, Environmental Science & Technology (35) 1709-1715
The biota - sediment accumulation factor (BSAF) model has been suggested as a simple tool to predict bioaccumulation of hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs)in fish and other aquatic biota from measured concentrations in sediment based on equilibrium partitioning between the sediment organic carbon and biotic lipid pools. Currently, evaluation of this...
Hydraulic head applications of flow logs in the study of heterogeneous aquifers
Frederick L. Paillet
2001, Ground Water (39) 667-675
Permeability profiles derived from high-resolution flow logs in heterogeneous aquifers provide a limited sample of the most permeable beds or fractures determining the hydraulic properties of those aquifers. This paper demonstrates that flow logs can also be used to infer the large-scale properties of aquifers surrounding boreholes. The analysis is...
Mars Global Surveyor Thermal Emission Spectrometer experiment: Investigation description and surface science results
P. R. Christensen, J. L. Bandfield, V.E. Hamilton, S. W. Ruff, H. H. Kieffer, T.N. Titus, M. C. Malin, R.V. Morris, M. D. Lane, R.L. Clark, B. M. Jakosky, M. T. Mellon, J.C. Pearl, B.J. Conrath, M. D. Smith, R.T. Clancy, R.O. Kuzmin, T. Roush, G.L. Mehall, N. Gorelick, K. Bender, K. Murray, S. Dason, E. Greene, S. Silverman, M. Greenfield
2001, Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets (106) 23823-23871
The Thermal Emission Spectrometer (TES) investigation on Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) is aimed at determining (1) the composition of surface minerals, rocks, and ices; (2) the temperature and dynamics of the atmosphere; (3) the properties of the atmospheric aerosols and clouds; (4) the nature of the polar regions; and (5)...
Buoyancy compensation of juvenile chinook salmon implanted with two different size dummy transmitters
R.W. Perry, N.S. Adams, D.W. Rondorf
2001, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society (130) 46-52
We investigated the effect of two different sizes of surgically implanted transmitters on the buoyancy compensation of juvenile chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha. We determined buoyancy by measuring the density of fish with a filled air bladder in graded salinity baths. In addition, we examined the effect of pressure changes on...
Observation of the geology and geomorphology of the 1999 Marsokhod test site
R. A. De Hon, N.G. Barlow, M. K. Reagan, E. Arthur Bettis III, C.T. Foster Jr., V. C. Gulick, L.S. Crumpler, J.C. Aubele, M. G. Chapman, K. L. Tanaka
2001, Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets (106) 7665-7682
The Marsokhod rover returned data from six stations that were used to decipher the geomorphology and geology of a region not previously visited by members of the geomorphology field team. Satellite images and simulated descent images provided information about the regional setting. The landing zone was on an alluvial apron...
Sample-size requirements for evaluating population size structure
J.C. Vokoun, C.F. Rabeni, J.S. Stanovick
2001, North American Journal of Fisheries Management (21) 660-665
A method with an accompanying computer program is described to estimate the number of individuals needed to construct a sample length-frequency with a given accuracy and precision. First, a reference length-frequency assumed to be accurate for a particular sampling gear and collection strategy was constructed. Bootstrap procedures created length-frequencies with...
The national stream quality accounting network: A flux-basedapproach to monitoring the water quality of large rivers
R. P. Hooper, Brent T. Aulenbach, V.J. Kelly
2001, Hydrological Processes (15) 1089-1106
Estimating the annual mass flux at a network of fixed stations is one approach to characterizing water quality of large rivers. The interpretive context provided by annual flux includes identifying source and sink areas for constituents and estimating the loadings to receiving waters, such as reservoirs or the ocean. Since...
Comparisons of ground motions from the 1999 Chi-Chi, earthquake with empirical predictions largely based on data from California
D.M. Boore
2001, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (91) 1212-1217
This article has the modest goal of comparing the ground motions recorded during the 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan, mainshock with predictions from four empirical-based equations commonly used for western North America; these empirical predictions are largely based on data from California. Comparisons are made for peak acceleration and 5%-damped response spectra...
Comparison of soil infiltration rates in burned and unburned mountainous watersheds
D.A. Martin, J. A. Moody
2001, Hydrological Processes (15) 2893-2903
Steady-state infiltration measurements were made at mountainous sites in New Mexico and Colorado, USA, with volcanic and granitic soils after wildfires and at comparable unburned sites. We measured infiltration in the New Mexico volcanic soils under two vegetation types, ponderosa pine and mixed conifer, and in the Colorado granitic soils...
The roughness of natural terrain: A planetary and remote sensing perspective
Michael K. Shepard, Bruce A. Campbell, Mark H. Bulmer, Lisa R. Gaddis, Tom G. Farr, Jeffrey J. Plaut
2001, Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets (106) 32777-32795
We examine the various methods and parameters in common use for quantifying and reporting surface topographic "roughness." It is shown that scale-dependent roughness parameters are almost always required, though not widely used. We suggest a method of standardizing the parameters that are computed and reported so that topographic data gathered...
Soil N and 15N variation with time in a California annual grassland ecosystem
D.L. Brenner, Ronald Amundson, W. Troy Baisden, C. Kendall, J. Harden
2001, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (65) 4171-4186
The %N and ??15N values of soils and plants were measured along a chronosequence spanning 3 to 3000 Ky in a California annual grassland. Total soil N decreased with increasing soil age (1.1 to 0.4 kg N m-2) while the mean ?? 15N values of the soil N increased by...
Watershed scaling effect on base flow nitrate, valley and ridge physiographic province
B.D. Lindsey, W.J. Gburek, G.J. Folmar
2001, Journal of the American Water Resources Association (37) 1103-1117
A study of stream base flow and NO3-N concentration was conducted simultaneously in 51 subwatersheds within the 116-square-kilometer watershed of East Mahantango Creek near Klingerstown, Pennsylvania. The study was designed to test whether measurable results of processes and observations within the smaller watersheds were similar to or transferable to a...
Empirical assessment of indices of prey importance in the diets of predacious fish
H. Liao, C.L. Pierce, J. G. Larscheid
2001, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society (130) 583-591
Determining the importance of prey taxa in the diets of predacious species is a frequent objective in fisheries research. Various indices of prey importance are in common use, and all give different results because of their emphasis on different aspects of fish diets. We explored these differences by empirically comparing...
Reproductive ecology and demography of the 'Akohekohe
John C. Simon, Thane K. Pratt, Kim E. Berlin, James R. Kowalsky
2001, Condor (103) 736-745
The ‘Ākohekohe (Palmeria dolei) is an endangered Hawaiian honeycreeper endemic to the montane rain forests of east Maui in the Hawaiian Islands. We investigated ‘Ākohekohe nesting ecology using color-banded birds for the first time as a background to understanding the species' conservation. From 1994–1997, we color-banded 78 individuals, located and...
Evidence that coded-wire-tagging procedures can enhance transmission of Renibacterium salmoninarum in chinook salmon
D.G. Elliott, R.J. Pascho
2001, Journal of Aquatic Animal Health (13) 181-193
Binary coded wire tags (CWTs) are used extensively for identification and management of anadromous salmonid populations. A study of bacterial kidney disease (BKD) in two brood year groups of hatchery-reared spring chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha provided strong evidence that horizontal transmission of Renibacterium salmoninarum, the causative agent of BKD, might...
A metadata initiative for global information discovery
E. Christian
2001, Government Information Quarterly (18) 209-221
The Global Information Locator Service (GILS) encompasses a global vision framed by the fundamental values of open societies. Societal values such as a free flow of information impose certain requirements on the society's information infrastructure. These requirements in turn shape the various laws, policies, standards, and technologies that determine the...
Modelling middle pliocene warm climates of the USA
A.M. Haywood, P.J. Valdes, B.W. Sellwood, J.O. Kaplan, H.J. Dowsett
2001, Palaeontologia Electronica (4)
The middle Pliocene warm period represents a unique time slice in which to model and understand climatic processes operating under a warm climatic regime. Palaeoclimatic model simulations, focussed on the United States of America (USA), for the middle Pliocene (ca 3 Ma) were generated using the USGS PRISM2 2?? ??...
Standard reference water samples for rare earth element determinations
P. L. Verplanck, Ronald C. Antweiler, D. Kirk Nordstrom, Howard E. Taylor
2001, Applied Geochemistry (16) 231-244
Standard reference water samples (SRWS) were collected from two mine sites, one near Ophir, CO, USA and the other near Redding, CA, USA. The samples were filtered, preserved, and analyzed for rare earth element (REE) concentrations (La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb,...
Consumption of tropospheric levels of methyl bromide by C1 compound-utilizing bacteria and comparison to saturation kinetics
K.D. Goodwin, R.K. Varner, P.M. Crill, Ronald S. Oremland
2001, Applied and Environmental Microbiology (67) 5437-5443
Pure cultures of methylotrophs and methanotrophs are known to oxidize methyl bromide (MeBr); however, their ability to oxidize tropospheric concentrations (parts per trillion by volume [pptv]) has not been tested. Methylotrophs and methanotrophs were able to consume MeBr provided at levels that mimicked...
New digital magnetic anomaly database for North America
C. A. Finn, M. Pilkington, A. Cuevas, I. Hernandez, Jaime Urrutia
2001, The Leading Edge (20) 870-872
The Geological Survey of Canada (GSC), U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), and Consejo de Recursos Minerales of Mexico (CRM) are compiling an upgraded digital magnetic anomaly database and map for North America. This trinational project is expected to be completed by late 2002....
Salt diapirs in the Dead Sea basin and their relationship to Quaternary extensional tectonics
A. Al-Zoubi, Uri S. ten Brink
2001, Marine and Petroleum Geology (18) 779-797
Regional extension of a brittle overburden and underlying salt causes differential loading that is thought to initiate the rise of reactive diapirs below and through regions of thin overburden. We present a modern example of a large salt diapir in the Dead Sea pull-apart basin, the Lisan diapir, which we...
