Effects of management practices on wetland birds: Marsh Wren
Amy L. Zimmerman, Jill A. Dechant, Douglas H. Johnson, Christopher M. Goldade, James O. Church, Betty R. Euliss
2002, Report
Information on the habitat requirements and effects of habitat management on wetland birds were summarized from information in more than 500 published and unpublished papers. A range map is provided to indicate the relative densities of the species in North America, based on Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) data. Although the...
Effects of management practices on wetland birds: Eared Grebe
Jill A. Dechant, Douglas H. Johnson, Christopher M. Goldade, James O. Church, Betty R. Euliss
2002, Report
Information on the habitat requirements and effects of habitat management on wetland birds were summarized from information in more than 500 published and unpublished papers. A range map is provided to indicate the relative densities of the species in North America, based on Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) data. Although the...
Factors influencing the distribution of Myxobolus cerebralis, the causative agent of whirling disease, in the Cache la Poudre River, Colorado
M. Brady Allen, Eric P. Bergersen
2002, Diseases of Aquatic Organisms (49) 51-60
Oligochaetes, triactinomyxons (TAMs), and age-0 trout were sampled in the upper Cache la Poudre River, Colorado, to determine the distribution of Myxobolus cerebralis during 1997 and 1998. Densities of the intermediate host, the oligochaete Tubifex tubifex, were 3.5 orders of magnitude higher in the M. cerebralis-infected Poudre Rearing Unit (PRU) trout rearing ponds than...
Lots of lightning and plenty of people: An ecological history of fire in the upland southwest
Craig D. Allen
Thomas R. Vale, editor(s)
2002, Book chapter, Fire, native peoples, and the natural landscape
Was the pre-European Southwest a region of wild landscapes, shaped primarily by natural processes like lightning-ignited fire, or did people substantially mold these lands into regional-scale artifacts through their use of fire and other means? Perspectives on this question have varied markedly through time and between scholars, as evident from...
Comparison of riparian plant communities under four land management systems in southwestern Wisconsin
L.K. Paine, C. A. Ribic
2002, Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment (92) 93-105
Riparian plant community composition is influenced by moisture, erosion, original native plant communities, and current and past land use. This study compared riparian plant communities under four types of management: woody buffer strip, grassy buffer strip, rotational grazing, and continuous grazing. Study sites were located along spring-fed streams in the...
AVHRR channel selection for land cover classification
S.K. Maxwell, R.M. Hoffer, P.L. Chapman
2002, International Journal of Remote Sensing (23) 5061-5073
Mapping land cover of large regions often requires processing of satellite images collected from several time periods at many spectral wavelength channels. However, manipulating and processing large amounts of image data increases the complexity and time, and hence the cost, that it takes to produce a land cover map. Very...
Availability of food resources, distribution of invasive species, and conservation of a Hawaiian bird along a gradient of elevation
P.C. Banko, P.T. Oboyski, J.W. Slotterback, Steve J. Dougill, Dan M. Goltz, L. Johnson, M.E. Laut, T.C. Murray
2002, Journal of Biogeography (29) 789-808
Aim: We evaluated how an elevation gradient affects: (1) the availability of food required by a specialist seed-eater, Loxioides bailleui Oustalet (Drepanidinae), or pallia, and hence the distribution of this endangered Hawaiian bird, and (2) the distribution of alien threats to Loxioides populations, their primary foods, and their dry-forest habitat,...
Predation by Oregon spotted frogs (Rana pretiosa) on Western toads (Bufo boreas) in Oregon, USA
Christopher A. Pearl, M.P. Hayes
2002, American Midland Naturalist (147) 145-152
Toads of the genus Bufo co-occur with true frogs (family Ranidae) throughout their North American ranges. Yet, Bufo are rarely reported as prey for ranid frogs, perhaps due to dermal toxins that afford them protection from some predators. We report field observations from four different localities demonstrating that Oregon spotted...
Relationships between streambed substrate characteristics and freshwater mussels (Bivalvia: Unionidae) in coastal plain streams
Jayne Brim-Box, Robert M. Dorazio, W. D. Liddell
2002, Journal of the North American Benthological Society (21) 253-260
Freshwater mussels and stream substrate were sampled at 30 locations in the Apalachicola, Chattahoochee, and Flint (ACF) river basins. Although >2100 mussels that included 25 species were observed in our sample of 2661 quadrats, only 5 species were sufficiently abundant to provide reliable estimates of the relationship between mussel presence...
The importance of replication in wildlife research
Douglas H. Johnson
2002, Journal of Wildlife Management (66) 919-932
Wildlife ecology and management studies have been widely criticized for deficiencies in design or analysis. Manipulative experiments--with controls, randomization, and replication in space and time--provide powerful ways of learning about natural systems and establishing causal relationships, but such studies are rare in our field. Observational studies and sample surveys are...
Pharmaceuticals, hormones, and other organic wastewater contaminants in U.S. streams, 1999-2000: A national reconnaissance
D.W. Kolpin, E. T. Furlong, M. T. Meyer, E.M. Thurman, S.D. Zaugg, L. B. Barber, H. T. Buxton
2002, Environmental Science & Technology (36) 1202-1211
To provide the first nationwide reconnaissance of the occurrence of pharmaceuticals, hormones, and other organic wastewater contaminants (OWCs) in water resources, the U.S. Geological Survey used five newly developed analytical methods to measure concentrations of 95 OWCs in water samples from a network of 139 streams across 30 states during...
Persistence of an unusual pelagic zooplankton assemblage in a clear, mountain lake
Gary L. Larson, Robert L. Hoffman, C. D. McIntire
2002, Hydrobiologia (468) 163-170
The planktonic zooplankton assemblage in Mowich Lake, Mount Rainier National Park (MORA), was composed almost entirely of rotifers in 1966 and 1967. Adult pelagic crustacean taxa were rare. Their paucity was attributed to predation by kokanee salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka), which had been stocked in 1961. During a park-wide survey of...
Comparisons of likelihood and machine learning methods of individual classification
B. Guinand, A. Topchy, K.S. Page, M. K. Burnham-Curtis, W.F. Punch, K.T. Scribner
2002, Journal of Heredity (93) 260-269
Classification methods used in machine learning (e.g., artificial neural networks, decision trees, and k-nearest neighbor clustering) are rarely used with population genetic data. We compare different nonparametric machine learning techniques with parametric likelihood estimations commonly employed in population genetics for purposes of assigning individuals to their population...
Floristic quality assessment of one natural and three restored wetland complexes in North Dakota, USA
David M. Mushet, Ned H. Euliss Jr., Terry L. Shaffer
2002, Wetlands (22) 126-138
Floristic quality assessment is potentially an important tool for conservation efforts in the northern Great Plains of North America, but it has received little rigorous evaluation. Floristic quality assessments rely on coefficients assigned to each plant species of a region’s flora based on the conservatism of each species relative to...
Records of northern mockingbird, Mimus polyglottos, occurrences in North Dakota during the Twentieth Century
L.D. Igl, R.E. Martin
2002, Canadian Field-Naturalist (116) 87-97
The Northern Mockingbird (Mimus polyglottos) is a common bird in the southern United States that has been expanding its breeding range into the northern United States and southern Canada. During the twentieth century, there were 128 reports of Northern Mockingbird occurrences in North Dakota, including 106 reports during the breeding...
Plume-driven plumbing and crustal formation in Iceland
R. M. Allen, G. Nolet, W. J. Morgan, K. Vogfjord, M. Nettles, G. Ekstrom, B. H. Bergsson, P. Erlendsson, G.R. Foulger, S. Jakobsdottir, B.R. Julian, M. Pritchard, S. Ragnarsson, R. Stefansson
2002, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (107) ESE 4-1-ESE 4-19
Through combination of surface wave and body wave constraints we derive a three-dimensional (3-D) crustal S velocity model and Moho map for Iceland. It reveals a vast plumbing system feeding mantle plume melt into upper crustal magma chambers where crustal formation takes place. The method is based on the partitioned waveform inversion...
Holocene vegetation and climate history of the northern Bighorn Basin, southern Montana
M.E. Lyford, J.L. Betancourt, S.T. Jackson
2002, Quaternary Research (58) 171-181
Records of Holocene vegetation and climate change at low elevations (<2000 m) are rare in the central Rocky Mountain region. We developed a record of Holocene vegetation and climate change from 55 14C-dated woodrat middens at two low-elevation sites (1275 to 1590 m, currently vegetated by Juniperus osteosperma woodlands, in...
Trends in late Maastrichtian calcareous nannofossil distribution patterns, Western North Atlantic margin
Self-Trail J.M.
2002, Micropaleontology (48) 31-52
First and last occurrences of several Maastrichtian calcareous nannofossil species are shown to be diachronous across paleodepth and paleoenvironment using the graphic correlation method. Calcareous nannofossil assemblages examined from eleven cores from a deep- to shallow-water transect along the eastern United States Atlantic margin document that the first occurrence of...
Lunar prospector epithermal neutrons from impact craters and landing sites: Implications for surface maturity and hydrogen distribution
J. R. Johnson, W. C. Feldman, D. J. Lawrence, S. Maurice, T. D. Swindle, P. G. Lucey
2002, Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets (107) 3-1-3-8
Initial studies of neutron spectrometer data returned by Lunar Prospector concentrated on the discovery of enhanced hydrogen abundances near both lunar poles. However, the nonpolar data exhibit intriguing patterns that appear spatially correlated with surface features such as young impact craters (e.g., Tycho). Such immature crater materials may have...
Crustal structure beneath western and eastern Iceland from surface waves and receiver functions
Z. Du, G.R. Foulger, B.R. Julian, R. M. Allen, G. Nolet, W. J. Morgan, B. H. Bergsson, P. Erlendsson, S. Jakobsdottir, S. Ragnarsson, R. Stefansson, K. Vogfjord
2002, Geophysical Journal International (149) 349-363
We determine the crustal structures beneath 14 broad-band seismic stations, deployed in western, eastern, central and southern Iceland, using surface wave dispersion curves and receiver functions. We implement a method to invert receiver functions using constraints obtained from genetic algorithm inversion of surface waves. Our final models satisfy both data...
Geochemical evidence for diversity of dust sources in the southwestern United States
M.C. Reheis, J. R. Budahn, P. J. Lamothe
2002, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (66) 1569-1587
Several potential dust sources, including generic sources of sparsely vegetated alluvium, playa deposits, and anthropogenic emissions, as well as the area around Owens Lake, California, affect the composition of modern dust in the southwestern United States. A comparison of geochemical analyses of modern and old (a few thousand years) dust...
Geology and origin of Europa's "Mitten" feature (Murias Chaos)
P. H. Figueredo, F. C. Chuang, J. Rathbun, R. L. Kirk, R. Greeley
2002, Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets (107) 2-1-2-13
The “Mitten” (provisionally named Murias Chaos by the International Astronomical Union) is a region of elevated chaos-like terrain in the leading hemisphere of Europa. Its origin had been explained under the currently debated theories of melting through a thin lithosphere or convection within a thick one. Galileo observations reveal several...
Effects of disturbance on germination and seedling establishment in a coastal prairie grassland: A test of the competitive release hypothesis
H.M. Jutila, J.B. Grace
2002, Journal of Ecology (90) 291-302
1. We evaluated the responses of native grassland sods to a variety of types of disturbance in order to assess hypotheses about the competitive effects of established vegetation on seed germination and seedling establishment. In particular, we consider whether germination is more responsive to the magnitude and duration of vegetation...
Influence of eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) forests on aquatic invertebrate assemblages in headwater streams
C.D. Snyder, J.A. Young, D. P. Lemarie, D. R. Smith
2002, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences (59) 262-275
We conducted a comparative study in the Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area to determine the potential long-term impacts of hemlock forest decline on stream benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages. Hemlock forests throughout eastern North America have been declining because of the hemlock woolly adelgid, an exotic insect pest. We found aquatic...
Rare earth element variations resulting from inversion of pigeonite and subsolidus reequilibration in lunar ferroan anorthosites
O.B. James, C. Floss, J. J. McGee
2002, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (66) 1269-1284
We present results of a secondary ion mass spectrometry study of the rare earth elements (REEs) in the minerals of two samples of lunar ferroan anorthosite, and the results are applicable to studies of REEs in all igneous rocks, no matter what their planet of origin. Our pyroxene analyses are used to determine solid-solid REE distribution coefficients (D = CREE in...
