The phenology of space: Spatial aspects of bison density dependence in Yellowstone National Park
M.L. Taper, M. Meagher, C.L. Jerde
2000, Report
The Yellowstone bison represent the only bison population in the United States that survived in the wild the near-extermination of the late 1800's. This paper capitalizes on a unique opportunity provided by the record of the bison population of Yellowstone National Park (YNP). This population has been intensely monitored for...
A paleolatitude approach to assessing surface temperature history for use in burial heating models
Charles E. Barker
2000, International Journal of Coal Geology (43) 121-135
Calculations using heat flow theory as well as case histories show that over geologic time scales (106 years), changes in mean annual surface temperature (Ts) on the order of 10°C penetrate kilometers deep into the crust. Thus, burial heating models of sedimentary basins, which typically span kilometers in depth and...
Influence of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events on the evolution of central California's shoreline
Curt D. Storlazzi, Gary B. Griggs
2000, Geological Society of America Bulletin (112) 236-249
Significant sea-cliff erosion and storm damage occurred along the central coast of California during the 1982–1983 and 1997–1998 El Niño winters. This generated interest among scientists and land-use planners in how historic El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) winters have affected the coastal climate of central California. A relative ENSO intensity index...
Exploration
D.R. Wilburn
2000, Mining Engineering (52) 38-48
This summary of international nonfuel mineral exploration activities for 1999 draws upon available data from literature, industry and US Geological Survey (USGS) specialists. The report documents data on exploration budgets by region and commodity and identifies significant mineral discoveries and exploration target areas. It also discusses government programs affecting the...
Quantification of the nitrogen cycle in a prairie stream
Walter K. Dodds, Michelle A. Evans-White, Nicole M. Gerlanc, Lawrence Gray, Dolly A. Gudder, Melody J. Kemp, Amanda L. Lopez, David Stagliano, Eric A. Strauss, Jennifer L. Tank, Matt R. Whiles, Wilfred M. Wollheim
2000, Ecosystems (3) 574-589
Nitrogen (N) was added for 35 days in the form of 15NH4Cl to Kings Creek on Konza Prairie, Kansas. Standing stocks of N in key compartments (that is, nutrients, detritus, organisms) were quantified, and the amount of labeled N entering the compartments was analyzed. These data were used to calculate...
Wisconsin: A summary of cooperative water-resources investigations 2000
Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources
2000, Report
The objectives of this study are to provide continuous discharge records for selected rivers at specific sites to supply the needs for regulation, analytical studies, definition of statistical properties, trends analysis, determination of the occurrence, and distribution of water in streams for planning. The project is also designed to determine...
Water Resources Data - New Jersey, Water Year 1999, Volume 3, Water-Quality Data
M.J. DeLuca, K.M. Romanok, M.L. Riskin, G.L. Mattes, A.M. Thomas, B.J. Gray
2000, Water Data Report NJ-99-3
Water-resources data for the 1999 water year for New Jersey are presented in three volumes, and consists of records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams; stage and contents of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels and water quality of ground water. Volume 3 contains a summary of surface...
Accuracy assessment for the U.S. Geological Survey Regional Land-Cover Mapping Program: New York and New Jersey Region
Zhi-Liang Zhu, Limin Yang, Stephen V. Stehman, Raymond L. Czaplewski
2000, Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing (66) 1425-1438
The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with other government and private organizations, is producing a conterminous U.S. land-cover map using Landsat Thematic Mapper 30-meter data for the Federal regions designated by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Accuracy assessment is to be conducted for each Federal region to estimate overall and...
Comparison of helicopter and ground surveys of waterfowl broods in southern Ontario
T.S. Gabor, J. R. Longcore, H.R. Murkin, A.N. Arnason
2000, Northeast Wildlife (55) 11-19
Managers often employ aerial survey information to manage waterfowl. Results of surveys by helicopter and from elevated platforms were compared to determine the accuracy of helicopters to detect waterfowl broods on beaver ponds in southern Ontario in 1996 and 1997. Fewer broods were detected from the helicopter than...
Evaluating immunocontraception for managing suburban white-tailed deer in Irondequoit, New York
B.A. Rudolph, W.F. Porter, H.B. Underwood
2000, Journal of Wildlife Management (64) 463-473
Immunocontraception is frequently proposed as an alternative to lethal removal of females for deer management. However, little information is available for evaluating the potential of applying immunocontraceptives to free-ranging populations. Our objectives were to estimate effort required to apply porcine zona pellucida (PZP) to individual deer and assess the utility...
Estimation of contributions to population growth: A reverse-time capture-recapture approach
J.D. Nichols, J.E. Hines, J.D. Lebreton, R. Pradel
2000, Ecology (81) 3362-3376
We consider methods for estimating the relative contributions of different demographic components, and their associated vital rates, to population growth. We identify components of the population at time i (including a component for animals not in the population at i). For each such component we ask the following question: “What is the probability...
Consideraciones para la estimacion de abundancia de poblaciones de mamiferos. [Considerations for the estimation of abundance of mammal populations.]
R.S. Walker, A.J. Novare, J.D. Nichols
2000, Mastozoologia Neotropical / Journal of Neotropical Mammalogy (7) 73-80
Estimation of abundance of mammal populations is essential for monitoring programs and for many ecological investigations. The first step for any study of variation in mammal abundance over space or time is to define the objectives of the study and how and why abundance data are to be used....
The 1995-1999 Summary of the North American Breeding Bird Survey
K.L. Pardieck, J.R. Sauer
2000, Bird Populations (5) 30-48
Data from the North American Breeding Bird Survey were used to estimate continental and regional changes in bird populations for the 5-yr period 1995-1999 and the 2-yr period 1998-1999. These short-term changes were placed in the context of population trends estimated over the 1966-1999 interval. During 1995-1999, 44%...
Inferences about nested subsets structure when not all species are detected
E. Cam, J.D. Nichols, J.E. Hines, J.R. Sauer
2000, Oikos (91) 428-434
Comparisons of species composition among ecological communities of different size have often provided evidence that the species in communities with lower species richness form nested subsets of the species in larger communities. In the vast majority of studies, the question of nested subsets has been addressed using information on...
Hazards to wildlife from soil-borne cadmium reconsidered
W. N. Beyer
2000, Journal of Environmental Quality (29) 1380-1384
Cadmium is a toxic element that should be included in environmental risk assessments of contaminated soils. This paper argues, however, that hazards to wildlife from cadmium have often been overstated. The literature contains only meager evidence that wild animals have been seriously harmed by cadmium, even at severely...
Geographic analysis of species richness and community attributes of forest birds from survey data in the mid-Atlantic integrated assessment region
Emmanuelle Cam, John R. Sauer, James D. Nichols, James E. Hines, Curtis H. Flather
2000, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment (63) 81-94
Species richness of local communities is a state variable commonly used in community ecology and conservation biology. Investigation of spatial and temporal variations in richness and identification of factors associated with these variations form a basis for specifying management plans, evaluating these plans, and for testing hypotheses of theoretical...
Relative species richness and community completeness: avian communities and urbanization in the mid-Atlantic states
E. Cam, J.D. Nichols, J.R. Sauer, J.E. Hines, C.H. Flather
2000, Ecological Applications (10) 1196-1210
The idea that local factors govern local richness has been dominant for years, but recent theoretical and empirical studies have stressed the influence of regional factors on local richness. Fewer species at a site could reflect not only the influence of local factors, but also a smaller regional pool....
Patterns of colony-site use and disuse in saltmarsh-nesting Common and Roseate terns
P. A. Buckley, F. G. Buckley
2000, Journal of Field Ornithology (71) 356-369
Nearly all previous studies of saltmarsh-nesting Common Terns on the east coast of the United States have concluded that tidal saltmarshes were suboptimal or marginal breeding habitats. Questioning that conclusion, we analyzed patterns of both saltmarsh and nonmarsh colony use (stability, movement, establishment, abandonment, and size) obtained during 5...
Effects of the mosquito larvicides temephos and methoprene on insect populations in experimental ponds
A.E. Pinkney, P. C. McGowan, D.R. Murphy, T. P. Lowe, D. W. Sparling, L.C. Ferrington
2000, Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (19) 678-684
The nontarget effects of Abate® 4E (44.6% temephos) at 0.054 kg of active ingredient (a.i.) per 1 ha and of Altosid® Liquid Larvicide (5% methoprene) at 0.011 kg a.i./ha were investigated in 18 experimental ponds (average area, 202 m2; maximum depth, 0.7 m) at Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, Laurel, Maryland,...
A double-observer approach for estimating detection probability and abundance from point counts
J.D. Nichols, J.E. Hines, J.R. Sauer, F.W. Fallon, J.E. Fallon, P.J. Heglund
2000, The Auk (117) 393-408
Although point counts are frequently used in ornithological studies, basic assumptions about detection probabilities often are untested. We apply a double-observer approach developed to estimate detection probabilities for aerial surveys (Cook and Jacobson 1979) to avian point counts. At each point count, a designated 'primary' observer indicates to...
Simultaneous use of mark-recapture and radiotelemetry to estimate survival, movement, and capture rates
L.A. Powell, M.J. Conroy, J.E. Hines, J.D. Nichols, D.G. Krementz
2000, Journal of Wildlife Management (64) 302-313
Biologists often estimate separate survival and movement rates from radio-telemetry and mark-recapture data from the same study population. We describe a method for combining these data types in a single model to obtain joint, potentially less biased estimates of survival and movement that use all available data. We furnish an...
Evaluation of the immunological and hematological effects of chronic exposure of adult Peromyscus leucopus to Aroclor 1254 at concentrations equivalent to those at contaminated sites
S.R. Arena, M. Segre, J.B. French Jr.
2000, Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, annual meeting abstract book (21) 232 (abstr
Polychlorinated biphenyls are known to cause adverse health effects to biological systems; however, limited data is available on their effects on the immune system of wild species. Previous work by our lab found that 4 and 6-week old white-footed mice (Perornyscus leucopus) born from dams injected with a single dose...
Seasonal distribution of bird populations at the Patuxent Research Refuge
R. E. Stewart, J.B. Cope, C.S. Robbins, J.W. Brainerd
2000, Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, annual meeting abstract book (21) 257-363
A detailed study of seasonal changes in bird populationswas made at the Patuxent Research Refuge, located between Bowie and Laurel, Maryland during the years 1936-1949. The history of the Refuge is reviewed and its physical and biological characteristlcs summarized.. The methods of study used during the investigation...
Modeling the distribution of neotropical birds throughout the Americas
I. Thomas
Lawrence R. Handley, Frank J. D’Erchia, Tammy M. Charron, editor(s)
2000, Book chapter, Extended abstracts from BioGeo99: Applications to geospatial technology to biological sciences
I assessed tbe geographic information system (GIS) model and data layers used to create individual Neotropical bird species distribution maps from habitat data contained in the Ecological and Distributional Databases in 'Neotropical Birds: Ecology and Conservation' by D.F. Stotz, J.W. Fitzpatrick, T.A. Parker Ill, and D.K. Moskovits....
Early avian research at the Savannah River Site, South Carolina: historical highlights and possibilities for the future
J.M. Meyers, E.P. Odum
John B.= Dunning Jr., John C. Kilgo, editor(s)
2000, Book chapter, Avian Research as the Savannah River Site: Model for integrating basic research and long-term management
Avian biology and collection of baseline population data was a major part of the first decade (1951-1961) of field research at the Savannah River Site (SRS). Baseline inventories involving organisms and land-use types were part of the mission in the early contracts between the Atomic Energy Commission (now the...
