Rice methylmercury exposure and mitigation: a comprehensive review
Sarah E. Rothenberg, Lisamarie Windham-Myers, Joel E. Creswell
2014, Environmental Research (133) 407-423
Rice cultivation practices from field preparation to post-harvest transform rice paddies into hot spots for microbial mercury methylation, converting less-toxic inorganic mercury to more-toxic methylmercury, which is likely translocated to rice grain. This review includes 51 studies reporting rice total mercury and/or methylmercury concentrations, based on rice (Orzya sativa) cultivated...
Aquatic CAM photosynthesis: a brief history of its discovery
Jon E. Keeley
2014, Aquatic Botany (118) 38-44
Aquatic CAM (Crassulacean Acid Metabolism) photosynthesis was discovered while investigating an unrelated biochemical pathway concerned with anaerobic metabolism. George Bowes was a significant contributor to this project early in its infancy. Not only did he provide me with some valuable perspectives on peer review rejections, but by working with his...
A mass balance approach to investigating geochemical controls on secondary water quality impacts at a crude oil spill site near Bemidji, MN
Gene-Hua Crystal Ng, Barbara A. Bekins, Isabelle M. Cozzarelli, Mary Jo Baedecker, Philip C. Bennett, Richard T. Amos
2014, Journal of Contaminant Hydrology (164) 1-15
Secondary water quality impacts can result from a broad range of coupled reactions triggered by primary groundwater contaminants. Data from a crude-oil spill research site near Bemidji, MN provide an ideal test case for investigating the complex interactions controlling secondary impacts, including depleted dissolved oxygen and elevated organic carbon, inorganic...
Major element and oxygen isotope geochemistry of vapour-phase garnet from the Topopah Spring Tuff at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, USA
Richard J. Moscati, Craig A. Johnson
2014, Mineralogical Magazine (78) 1029-1041
Twenty vapour-phase garnets were studied in two samples of the Topopah Spring Tuff of the Paintbrush Group from Yucca Mountain, in southern Nevada. The Miocene-age Topopah Spring Tuff is a 350 m thick, devitrified, moderately to densely welded ash-flow tuff that is zoned compositionally from high-silica rhyolite to latite. During...
Improving tsunami resiliency: California's Tsunami Policy Working Group
Charles R. Real, Laurie Johnson, Lucile M. Jones, Stephanie L. Ross
Y.A. Kontar, V. Santiago-Fandino, T. Takahashi, editor(s)
2014, Book chapter, Tsunami events and lessons learned: environmental and societal significance
California has established a Tsunami Policy Working Group to facilitate development of policy recommendations for tsunami hazard mitigation. The Tsunami Policy Working Group brings together government and industry specialists from diverse fields including tsunami, seismic, and flood hazards, local and regional planning, structural engineering, natural hazard policy, and coastal engineering....
Preliminary geologic map of the eastern Willapa Hills, Cowlitz, Lewis, and Wahkiakum Counties, Washington
Ray E. Wells, Michael G. Sawlan
2014, Open-File Report 2014-1063
This digital map database and the PDF derived from the database were created from the analog geologic map: Wells, R.E. (1981), “Geologic map of the eastern Willapa Hills, Cowlitz, Lewis, and Wahkiakum Counties, Washington.” The geodatabase replicates the geologic mapping of the 1981 report with minor exceptions along water boundaries...
Time-averaged discharge rate of subaerial lava at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai‘i, measured from TanDEM-X interferometry: Implications for magma supply and storage during 2011-2013
Michael P. Poland
2014, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (119) 5464-5481
Differencing digital elevation models (DEMs) derived from TerraSAR add-on for Digital Elevation Measurements (TanDEM-X) synthetic aperture radar imagery provides a measurement of elevation change over time. On the East Rift Zone (EZR) of Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai‘i, the effusion of lava causes changes in topography. When these elevation changes are summed...
Emplacement and erosive effects of the south Kasei Valles lava on Mars
Colin M. Dundas, Laszlo P. Keszthelyi
2014, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research (282) 92-102
Although it has generally been accepted that the Martian outflow channels were carved by floods of water, observations of large channels on Venus and Mercury demonstrate that lava flows can cause substantial erosion. Recent observations of large lava flows within outflow channels on Mars have revived discussion of the hypothesis...
A hierarchical integrated population model for greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) in the Bi-State Distinct Population Segment, California and Nevada
Peter S. Coates, Brian J. Halstead, Erik J. Blomberg, Brianne Brussee, Kristy B. Howe, Lief Wiechman, Joel Tebbenkamp, Kerry P. Reese, Scott C. Gardner, Michael L. Casazza
2014, Open-File Report 2014-1165
Greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus, hereafter referred to as “sage-grouse”) are endemic to sagebrush (Artemisia spp.) ecosystems throughout Western North America. Populations of sage-grouse have declined in distribution and abundance across the range of the species (Schroeder and others, 2004; Knick and Connelly, 2011), largely as a result of human disruption...
Spatially explicit modeling of greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) habitat in Nevada and northeastern California: a decision-support tool for management
Peter S. Coates, Michael L. Casazza, Brianne E. Brussee, Mark A. Ricca, K. Benjamin Gustafson, Cory T. Overton, Erika Sanchez-Chopitea, Travis Kroger, Kimberly Mauch, Lara Niell, Kristy Howe, Scott Gardner, Shawn Espinosa, David J. Delehanty
2014, Open-File Report 2014-1163
Greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus, hereafter referred to as “sage-grouse”) populations are declining throughout the sagebrush (Artemisia spp.) ecosystem, including millions of acres of potential habitat across the West. Habitat maps derived from empirical data are needed given impending listing decisions that will affect both sage-grouse population dynamics and human land-use...
Drift issues of tall buildings during the March 11, 2011 M9.0 Tohoku earthquake, Japan - Implications
Mehmet Çelebi, Izuru Okawa
2014, Conference Paper
One of the most significant effects of the M9.0 Tohoku, Japan earthquake of March 11, 2011 is the now well-known long duration (>10 minutes) shaking of buildings in Japan – particularly those in Tokyo (~350-375 km from the epicenter) and in places as far as Osaka (~770 km from the...
Causal networks clarify productivity-richness interrelations, bivariate plots do not
James B. Grace, Peter B. Adler, W. Stanley Harpole, Elizabeth T. Borer, Eric W. Seabloom
2014, Functional Ecology (28) 787-798
Perhaps no other pair of variables in ecology has generated as much discussion as species richness and ecosystem productivity, as illustrated by the reactions by Pierce (2013) and others to Adler et al.'s (2011) report that empirical patterns are weak and inconsistent. Adler et al. (2011) argued we need to...
A depth-averaged debris-flow model that includes the effects of evolving dilatancy. I. Physical basis
Richard M. Iverson, David L. George
2014, Proceedings of the Royal Society A (471)
To simulate debris-flow behaviour from initiation to deposition, we derive a depth-averaged, two-phase model that combines concepts of critical-state soil mechanics, grain-flow mechanics and fluid mechanics. The model's balance equations describe coupled evolution of the solid volume fraction, m, basal pore-fluid pressure, flow thickness and two...
Raman spectroscopic characterization of CH4 density over a wide range of temperature and pressure
Linbo Shang, I-Ming Chou, Robert Burruss, Ruizhong Hu, Xianwu Bi
2014, Journal of Raman Spectroscopy (45) 696-702
The positions of the CH4 Raman ν1 symmetric stretching bands were measured in a wide range of temperature (from −180 °C to 350 °C) and density (up to 0.45 g/cm3) using high-pressure optical cell and fused silica capillary capsule. The results show that the Raman band shift is a function of both methane density and...
Adding fling effects to processed ground‐motion time histories
Ronnie Kamai, Norman A. Abrahamson, Robert Graves
2014, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (104) 1914-1929
Fling is the engineering term for the effects of the permanent tectonic offset, caused by a rupturing fault in the recorded ground motions near the fault. It is expressed by a one‐sided pulse in ground velocity and a nonzero final displacement at the end of shaking. Standard processing of earthquake...
The implications of microbial and substrate limitation for the fates of carbon in different organic soil horizon types of boreal forest ecosystems: a mechanistically based model analysis
Y. He, Q. Zhuang, Jennifer W. Harden, A. David McGuire, Z. Fan, Y. Liu, Kimberly P. Wickland
2014, Biogeosciences (11) 4477-4491
The large amount of soil carbon in boreal forest ecosystems has the potential to influence the climate system if released in large quantities in response to warming. Thus, there is a need to better understand and represent the environmental sensitivity of soil carbon decomposition. Most soil carbon decomposition models...
Bile salts as semiochemicals in fish
Tyler J. Buchinger, Weiming Li, Nicholas S. Johnson
2014, Chemical Senses (39) 647-654
Bile salts are potent olfactory stimuli in fishes; however the biological functions driving such sensitivity remain poorly understood. We provide an integrative review of bile salts as semiochemicals in fish. First, we present characteristics of bile salt structure, metabolism, and function that are particularly relevant to chemical communication. Bile salts...
Bringing an ecological view of change to Landsat-based remote sensing
Robert E. Kennedy, Serge Andrefouet, Warren Cohen, Cristina Gomez, Patrick Griffiths, Martin Hais, Sean Healey, Eileen H. Helmer, Patrick Hostert, Mitchell Lyons, Garrett Meigs, Dirk Pflugmacher, Stuart Phinn, Scott Powell, Peter Scarth, Sen Susmita, Todd A. Schroeder, Annemarie Schneider, Ruth Sonnenschein, James Vogelmann, Michael A. Wulder, Zhe Zhu
2014, Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment (12) 339-346
When characterizing the processes that shape ecosystems, ecologists increasingly use the unique perspective offered by repeat observations of remotely sensed imagery. However, the concept of change embodied in much of the traditional remote-sensing literature was primarily limited to capturing large or extreme changes occurring in natural systems, omitting many more...
Late Holocene sea level variability and Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation
Thomas M. Cronin, Jesse R. Farmer, R. E. Marzen, E. Thomas, J.C. Varekamp
2014, Paleoceanography (29) 765-777
Pre-twentieth century sea level (SL) variability remains poorly understood due to limits of tide gauge records, low temporal resolution of tidal marsh records, and regional anomalies caused by dynamic ocean processes, notably multidecadal changes in Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). We examined SL and AMOC variability along the eastern United...
Habitat structure and body size distributions: Cross-ecosystem comparison for taxa with determinate and indeterminate growth
Kirsty L. Nash, Craig R. Allen, Chris Barichievy, Magnus Nystrom, Shana M. Sundstrom, Nicholas A.J. Graham
2014, Oikos (123) 971-983
Habitat structure across multiple spatial and temporal scales has been proposed as a key driver of body size distributions for associated communities. Thus, understanding the relationship between habitat and body size is fundamental to developing predictions regarding the influence of habitat change on animal communities. Much of the work assessing...
The geology and geochemistry of Isla Floreana, Galápagos: A different type of late-stage ocean island volcanism
Karen S. Harpp, Dennis J. Geist, Alison M. Koleszar, Branden Christensen, John J. Lyons, Melissa Sabga, Nathan Rollins
Karen S. Harpp, Eric Mittelstaedt, Noemi d’Ozouville, David W. Graham, editor(s)
2014, Book chapter, The Galápagos: A natural laboratory for the earth sciences
Isla Floreana, the southernmost volcano in the Galápagos Archipelago, has erupted a diverse suite of alkaline basalts continually since 1.5 Ma. Because these basalts have different compositions than xenoliths and older lavas from the deep submarine sector of the volcano, Floreana is interpreted as being in a rejuvenescent or late-stage phase...
High manganese concentrations in rocks at Gale crater, Mars
Nina L. Lanza, Woodward W. Fischer, Roger C. Wiens, John P. Grotzinger, Ann M. Ollila, Ryan B. Anderson, Benton C. Clark, Ralf Gellert, Nicolas Mangold, Sylvestre Maurice, Stéphane Le Mouélic, Marion Nachon, Mariek E. Schmidt, Jeffrey Berger, Samuel M. Clegg, Olivier Forni, Craig Hardgrove, Noureddine Melikechi, Horton E. Newsom, Violaine Sautter
2014, Geophysical Research Letters (41) 5755-5763
The surface of Mars has long been considered a relatively oxidizing environment, an idea supported by the abundance of ferric iron phases observed there. However, compared to iron, manganese is sensitive only to high redox potential oxidants, and when concentrated in rocks, it provides a more specific redox indicator of...
Hierarchical model analysis of the Atlantic Flyway Breeding Waterfowl Survey
John R. Sauer, Guthrie S. Zimmerman, Jon D. Klimstra, William A. Link
2014, Journal of Wildlife Management (78) 1050-1059
We used log-linear hierarchical models to analyze data from the Atlantic Flyway Breeding Waterfowl Survey. The survey has been conducted by state biologists each year since 1989 in the northeastern United States from Virginia north to New Hampshire and Vermont. Although yearly population estimates from the survey are used by...
Integrated assessment of runoff from livestock farming operations: analytical chemistry, in vitro bioassays, and in vivo fish exposures
Jenna E. Cavallin, Elizabeth J. Durhan, Nicola Evans, Kathleen M. Jensen, Michael D. Kahl, Dana W. Kolpin, Edward P. Kolodziej, William T. Foreman, Carlie A. LaLone, Elizabeth A. Makynen, Sara M. Seidl, Linnea M. Thomas, Daniel L. Villeneuve, Matthew A. Weberg, Vickie S. Wilson, Gerald T. Ankley
2014, Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (33) 1849-1857
Animal waste from livestock farming operations can contain varying levels of natural and synthetic androgens and/or estrogens, which can contaminate surrounding waterways. In the present study, surface stream water was collected from 6 basins containing livestock farming operations. Aqueous concentrations of 12 hormones were determined via chemical analyses. Relative androgenic...
NGA-West2 Research Project
Yousef Bozorgnia, Norman A. Abrahamson, Linda Al Atik, Timothy D. Ancheta, Gail M. Atkinson, Jack W. Baker, Annemarie S. Baltay Sundstrom, David M. Boore, Kenneth W. Campbell, Brian S.J. Chiou, Robert B. Darragh, Steve Day, Jennifer Donahue, Robert W. Graves, Nick Gregor, Thomas C. Hanks, I. M. Idriss, Ronnie Kamai, Tadahiro Kishida, Albert Kottke, Stephen A. Mahin, Sanaz Rezaeian, Badie Rowshandel, Emel Seyhan, Shrey Shahi, Tom Shantz, Walter Silva, Paul A. Spudich, Jonathan P. Stewart, Jennie Watson-Lamprey, Kathryn Wooddell, Robert Youngs
2014, Earthquake Spectra (30) 973-987
The NGA-West2 project is a large multidisciplinary, multi-year research program on the Next Generation Attenuation (NGA) models for shallow crustal earthquakes in active tectonic regions. The research project has been coordinated by the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center (PEER), with extensive technical interactions among many individuals and organizations. NGA-West2 addresses...
