Long-term trends in alkalinity in large rivers of the conterminous US in relation to acidification, agriculture, and hydrologic modification
Edward G. Stets, Valerie J. Kelly, Charles G. Crawford
2014, Science of the Total Environment (488-489) 280-289
Alkalinity increases in large rivers of the conterminous US are well known, but less is understood about the processes leading to these trends as compared with headwater systems more intensively examined in conjunction with acid deposition studies. Nevertheless, large rivers are important conduits of inorganic carbon and other solutes to...
High manganese concentrations in rocks at Gale crater, Mars
Nina L. Lanza, Woodward W. Fischer, Roger C. Wiens, John P. Grotzinger, Ann M. Ollila, Ryan B. Anderson, Benton C. Clark, Ralf Gellert, Nicolas Mangold, Sylvestre Maurice, Stéphane Le Mouélic, Marion Nachon, Mariek E. Schmidt, Jeffrey Berger, Samuel M. Clegg, Olivier Forni, Craig Hardgrove, Noureddine Melikechi, Horton E. Newsom, Violaine Sautter
2014, Geophysical Research Letters (41) 5755-5763
The surface of Mars has long been considered a relatively oxidizing environment, an idea supported by the abundance of ferric iron phases observed there. However, compared to iron, manganese is sensitive only to high redox potential oxidants, and when concentrated in rocks, it provides a more specific redox indicator of...
Bile salts as semiochemicals in fish
Tyler J. Buchinger, Weiming Li, Nicholas S. Johnson
2014, Chemical Senses (39) 647-654
Bile salts are potent olfactory stimuli in fishes; however the biological functions driving such sensitivity remain poorly understood. We provide an integrative review of bile salts as semiochemicals in fish. First, we present characteristics of bile salt structure, metabolism, and function that are particularly relevant to chemical communication. Bile salts...
NGA-West2 Research Project
Yousef Bozorgnia, Norman A. Abrahamson, Linda Al Atik, Timothy D. Ancheta, Gail M. Atkinson, Jack W. Baker, Annemarie S. Baltay Sundstrom, David M. Boore, Kenneth W. Campbell, Brian S.J. Chiou, Robert B. Darragh, Steve Day, Jennifer Donahue, Robert W. Graves, Nick Gregor, Thomas C. Hanks, I. M. Idriss, Ronnie Kamai, Tadahiro Kishida, Albert Kottke, Stephen A. Mahin, Sanaz Rezaeian, Badie Rowshandel, Emel Seyhan, Shrey Shahi, Tom Shantz, Walter Silva, Paul A. Spudich, Jonathan P. Stewart, Jennie Watson-Lamprey, Kathryn Wooddell, Robert Youngs
2014, Earthquake Spectra (30) 973-987
The NGA-West2 project is a large multidisciplinary, multi-year research program on the Next Generation Attenuation (NGA) models for shallow crustal earthquakes in active tectonic regions. The research project has been coordinated by the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center (PEER), with extensive technical interactions among many individuals and organizations. NGA-West2 addresses...
Pharmacokinetics of buprenorphine hydrochloride following intramuscular and intravenous administration to American kestrels (Falco sparverius)
Kate A. Gustavsen, David Sanchez-Migallon Guzman, Heather K. Knych, Olivia A. Petritz, Glenn H. Olsen, Joanne R. Paul-Murphy
2014, American Journal of Veterinary Research (75) 711-715
Objective—To determine the pharmacokinetics of buprenorphine hydrochloride after IM and IV administration to American kestrels (Falco sparverius). Animals—13 healthy 3-year-old captive-bred American kestrels. Procedures—Buprenorphine hydrochloride (0.6 mg/kg) was administered IM to all birds. Blood samples were collected at 9 times, ranging from 5 minutes to 9 hours after drug administration. Plasma...
Bringing an ecological view of change to Landsat-based remote sensing
Robert E. Kennedy, Serge Andrefouet, Warren Cohen, Cristina Gomez, Patrick Griffiths, Martin Hais, Sean Healey, Eileen H. Helmer, Patrick Hostert, Mitchell Lyons, Garrett Meigs, Dirk Pflugmacher, Stuart Phinn, Scott Powell, Peter Scarth, Sen Susmita, Todd A. Schroeder, Annemarie Schneider, Ruth Sonnenschein, James Vogelmann, Michael A. Wulder, Zhe Zhu
2014, Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment (12) 339-346
When characterizing the processes that shape ecosystems, ecologists increasingly use the unique perspective offered by repeat observations of remotely sensed imagery. However, the concept of change embodied in much of the traditional remote-sensing literature was primarily limited to capturing large or extreme changes occurring in natural systems, omitting many more...
Adding fling effects to processed ground‐motion time histories
Ronnie Kamai, Norman A. Abrahamson, Robert Graves
2014, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (104) 1914-1929
Fling is the engineering term for the effects of the permanent tectonic offset, caused by a rupturing fault in the recorded ground motions near the fault. It is expressed by a one‐sided pulse in ground velocity and a nonzero final displacement at the end of shaking. Standard processing of earthquake...
Comparison of NGA-West2 directivity models
Paul A. Spudich, Badie Rowshandel, Shrey Shahi, Jack W. Baker, Brian S-J Chiou
2014, Earthquake Spectra (30) 1199-1221
Five directivity models have been developed based on data from the NGA-West2 database and based on numerical simulations of large strike-slip and reverse-slip earthquakes. All models avoid the use of normalized rupture dimension, enabling them to scale up to the largest earthquakes in a physically reasonable way. Four of the...
The geology and geochemistry of Isla Floreana, Galápagos: A different type of late-stage ocean island volcanism
Karen S. Harpp, Dennis J. Geist, Alison M. Koleszar, Branden Christensen, John J. Lyons, Melissa Sabga, Nathan Rollins
Karen S. Harpp, Eric Mittelstaedt, Noemi d’Ozouville, David W. Graham, editor(s)
2014, Book chapter, The Galápagos: A natural laboratory for the earth sciences
Isla Floreana, the southernmost volcano in the Galápagos Archipelago, has erupted a diverse suite of alkaline basalts continually since 1.5 Ma. Because these basalts have different compositions than xenoliths and older lavas from the deep submarine sector of the volcano, Floreana is interpreted as being in a rejuvenescent or late-stage phase...
Integrated assessment of runoff from livestock farming operations: analytical chemistry, in vitro bioassays, and in vivo fish exposures
Jenna E. Cavallin, Elizabeth J. Durhan, Nicola Evans, Kathleen M. Jensen, Michael D. Kahl, Dana W. Kolpin, Edward Kolodziej, William T. Foreman, Carlie A. LaLone, Elizabeth A. Makynen, Sara M. Seidl, Linnea M. Thomas, Daniel L. Villeneuve, Matthew A. Weberg, Vickie S. Wilson, Gerald T. Ankley
2014, Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (33) 1849-1857
Animal waste from livestock farming operations can contain varying levels of natural and synthetic androgens and/or estrogens, which can contaminate surrounding waterways. In the present study, surface stream water was collected from 6 basins containing livestock farming operations. Aqueous concentrations of 12 hormones were determined via chemical analyses. Relative androgenic...
Coastal circulation and water-column properties in the War in the Pacific National Historical Park, Guam: measurements and modeling of waves, currents, temperature, salinity, and turbidity, April-August 2012
Curt D. Storlazzi, Olivia M. Cheriton, Jamie M.R. Lescinski, Joshua B. Logan
2014, Open-File Report 2014-1130
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center (PCMSC) initiated an investigation in the National Park Service’s (NPS) War in the Pacific National Historical Park (WAPA) to provide baseline scientific information on coastal circulation and water-column properties along west-central Guam, focusing on WAPA’s Agat Unit, as it...
Crustal structure beneath the Paleozoic Parnaíba Basin revealed by airborne gravity and magnetic data, Brazil
David L. de Castro, Reinhardt A. Fuck, Jeffrey D. Phillips, Roberta M. Vidotti, Francisco H. R. Bezerra, Elton L. Dantas
2014, Tectonophysics (614) 128-145
The Parnaíba Basin is a large Paleozoic syneclise in northeastern Brazil underlain by Precambrian crystalline basement, which comprises a complex lithostructural and tectonic framework formed during the Neoproterozoic–Eopaleozoic Brasiliano–Pan African orogenic collage. A sag basin up to 3.5 km thick and 1000 km long formed after the collage. The lithologic...
Synthesis of studies in the fall low-salinity zone of the San Francisco Estuary, September-December 2011
Larry R. Brown, Randall Baxter, Gonzalo Castillo, Louise Conrad, Steven Culberson, Gregg Erickson, Frederick Feyrer, Stephanie Fong, Karen Gehrts, Lenny Grimaldo, Bruce Herbold, Joseph Kirsch, Anke Mueller-Solger, Steven B. Slater, Ted Sommer, Kelly Souza, Erwin Van Nieuwenhuyse
2014, Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5041
In fall 2011, a large-scale investigation (fall low-salinity habitat investigation) was implemented by the Bureau of Reclamation in cooperation with the Interagency Ecological Program to explore hypotheses about the ecological role of low-salinity habitat in the San Francisco Estuary—specifically, hypotheses about the importance of fall low-salinity habitat to the biology...
Sulfur isotope fractionation between fluid and andesitic melt: An experimental study
Adrian Fiege, Francois Holtz, Nobumichi Shimizu, Charlie Mandeville, Harald Behrens, Jaayke L. Knipping
2014, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (142) 501-521
Glasses produced from decompression experiments conducted by Fiege et al. (2014a) were used to investigate the fractionation of sulfur isotopes between fluid and andesitic melt upon magma degassing. Starting materials were synthetic glasses with a composition close to a Krakatau dacitic andesite. The glasses contained 4.55–7.95 wt% H2O, ∼140 to...
Migration, foraging, and residency patterns for Northern Gulf loggerheads: implications of local threats and international movements
Kristen M. Hart, Margaret M. Lamont, Autumn R. Sartain-Iverson, Ikuko Fujisaki
2014, PLoS ONE (9)
Northern Gulf of Mexico (NGoM) loggerheads (Caretta caretta) make up one of the smallest subpopulations of this threatened species and have declining nest numbers. We used satellite telemetry and a switching state-space model to identify distinct foraging areas used by 59 NGoM loggerheads tagged during 2010–2013. We tagged turtles after...
Effects of hydrologic modifications on salinity and formation of hypoxia in the Mississippi River-Gulf Outlet and adjacent waterways, southeastern Louisiana, 2008 to 2012
Christopher M. Swarzenski, Scott V. Mize
2014, Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5077
The Mississippi River-Gulf Outlet (MRGO) was constructed between 1958 and 1968 to provide a safer and shorter route between the Gulf of Mexico and the Port of New Orleans for ocean-going vessels. In 2006, the U.S. Congress directed the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) to develop and implement a...
Whiting events in SW Florida coastal waters: a case study using MODIS medium-resolution data
Jacqueline Long, Chuanmin Hu, Lisa Robbins
2014, Remote Sensing Letters (5) 539-547
Whitings, floating patches of calcium carbonate mud, have been found in both shallow carbonate banks and freshwater environments around the world. Although these events have been studied for many decades, much of their characteristics remain unknown. Recent sightings of whitings near Ten Thousand Islands, Florida suggest a phenomenon that has...
The Early Jurassic Bokan Mountain peralkaline granitic complex (southeastern Alaska): geochemistry, petrogenesis and rare-metal mineralization
Jaroslav Dostal, Daniel J. Kontak, Susan M. Karl
2014, LITHOS (202-203) 395-412
The Early Jurassic (ca. 177 Ma) Bokan Mountain granitic complex, located on southern Prince of Wales Island, southernmost Alaska, cross-cuts Paleozoic igneous and metasedimentary rocks of the Alexander terrane of the North American Cordillera and was emplaced during a rifting event. The complex is a circular body (~3 km in...
The rock coast of the USA
Cheryl J. Hapke, Peter N. Adams, Jonathan Allan, Andrew Ashton, Gary B. Griggs, Monty A. Hampton, Joseph Kelly, Adam P. Young
2014, Book chapter, Rock coast geomorphology
The coastline of the USA is vast and comprises a variety of landform types including barrier islands, mainland beaches, soft bluffed coastlines and hard rocky coasts. The majority of the bluffed and rocky coasts are found in the northeastern part of the country (New England) and along the Pacific coast....
Precipitation isotopes link regional climate patterns to water supply in a tropical mountain forest, eastern Puerto Rico
Martha A. Scholl, Sheila F. Murphy
2014, Water Resources Research (50) 4305-4322
Like many mountainous areas in the tropics, watersheds in the Luquillo Mountains of eastern Puerto Rico have abundant rainfall and stream discharge and provide much of the water supply for the densely populated metropolitan areas nearby. Projected changes in regional temperature and atmospheric dynamics as a result of global warming...
Identifying dominant controls on hydrologic parameter transfer from gauged to ungauged catchments: a comparative hydrology approach
R. Singh, S.A. Archfield, T. Wagener
2014, Journal of Hydrology (517) 985-996
Daily streamflow information is critical for solving various hydrologic problems, though observations of continuous streamflow for model calibration are available at only a small fraction of the world’s rivers. One approach to estimate daily streamflow at an ungauged location is to transfer rainfall–runoff model parameters calibrated at a gauged (donor)...
Identification of Mn(II)-oxidizing bacteria from a low-pH contaminated former uranium mine
Denise M. Akob, Tsing Bohu, Andrea Beyer, Franziska Schaffner, Matthias Handel, Carol A. Johnson, Dirk Merten, Georg Büchel, Kai Uwe Totsche, Kirsten Küsel
2014, Applied and Environmental Microbiology (80) 5086-5097
Biological Mn oxidation is responsible for producing highly reactive and abundant Mn oxide phases in the environment that can mitigate metal contamination. However, little is known about Mn oxidation in low-pH environments, where metal contamination often is a problem as the result of mining activities. We isolated two Mn(II)-oxidizing bacteria...
Asphaltene content and composition as a measure of Deepwater Horizon oil spill losses within the first 80 days
M. D. Lewan, A. Warden, R.F. Dias, Z.K. Lowry, T.L. Hannah, P. G. Lillis, R.F. Kokaly, T.M. Hoefen, G.A. Swayze, C.T. Mills, S.H. Harris, G.S. Plumlee
2014, Organic Geochemistry (75) 54-60
The composition and content of asphaltenes in spilled and original wellhead oils from the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) incident provide information on the amount of original oil lost and the processes most responsible for the losses within the first 80 days of the active spill. Spilled oils were collected from open...
The southern megalopolis: using the past to predict the future of urban sprawl in the Southeast U.S.
Adam Terando, Jennifer Costanza, Curtis Belyea, Robert R. Dunn, Alexa McKerrow, Jaime Collazo
2014, PLoS ONE (9)
The future health of ecosystems is arguably as dependent on urban sprawl as it is on human-caused climatic warming. Urban sprawl strongly impacts the urban ecosystems it creates and the natural and agro-ecosystems that it displaces and fragments. Here, we project urban sprawl changes for the next 50 years for...
Changing amounts and sources of moisture in the U.S. southwest since the Last Glacial Maximum in response to global climate change
Weimin Feng, Benjamin F. Hardt, Jay L. Banner, Kevin J. Meyer, Eric W. James, MaryLynn Musgrove, R. Lawrence Edwards, Hai Cheng, Angela Min
2014, Earth and Planetary Science Letters (401) 47-56
The U.S. southwest has a limited water supply and is predicted to become drier in the 21st century. An improved understanding of factors controlling moisture sources and availability is aided by reconstruction of past responses to global climate change. New stable isotope and growth-rate records for a central Texas speleothem...
