Calculation and evaluation of sediment effect concentrations for the amphipod Hyalella azteca and the midge Chironomus riparius
Christopher G. Ingersoll, Pamela S. Haverland, Eric L. Brunson, Timothy J. Canfield, F. James Dwyer, Chris Henke, Nile E. Kemble, David R. Mount, Richard G. Fox
1996, Journal of Great Lakes Research (22) 602-623
Procedures are described for calculating and evaluating sediment effect concentrations (SECs) using laboratory data on the toxicity of contaminants associated with field-collected sediment to the amphipod Hyalella azteca and the midge Chironomus riparius. SECs are defined as the concentrations of individual contaminants in sediment below which toxicity is rarely observed...
Water resources of Lincoln County, Wyoming
C. A. Eddy-Miller, Maria Plafcan, M. L. Clark
1996, Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4246
Streamflow and ground-water quantity and quality data were collected and analyzed, 1993 through 1995, and historical data were compiled to summarize the water resources of Lincoln County.Deposits of Quaternary age, in the valleys of the Bear River and Salt River, had the most well development of...
Factors affecting herbicide yields in the Chesapeake Bay watershed, June 1994
R.A. Hainly, J.M. Kahn
1996, Water Resources Bulletin (32) 965-984
Median concentrations and instantaneous yields of alachlor, metolachlor, atrazine, cyanazine, and simazine were generally highest at sites in the Lower Susquehanna River Basin and in agricultural subbasins. Instantaneous herbicide yields are related to land use, hydrogeologic setting, streamflow yield, and agricultural row cropping practices. The significance of these relations may...
Effect of surface area and chemisorbed oxygen on the SO2 adsorption capacity of activated char
A.A. Lizzio, J.A. DeBarr
1996, Fuel (75) 1515-1522
The objective of this study was to determine whether activated char produced from Illinois coal could be used effectively to remove sulfur dioxide from coal combustion flue gas. Chars were prepared from a high-volatile Illinois bituminous coal under a wide range of pyrolysis and activation conditions. A novel char preparation...
Application of ground-penetrating radar to investigation of near-surface fault properties in the San Francisco Bay region
J. Cai, G. A. McMechan, M. A. Fisher
1996, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (86) 1459-1470
In many geologic environments, ground-penetrating radar (GPR) provides high-resolution images of near-surface Earth structure. GPR data collection is nondestructive and very economical. The scale of features detected by GPR lies between those imaged by high-resolution seismic reflection surveys and those exposed in trenches...
Crystal structures of [NEt3H]5[XCoIIW11O39]·3H2O (X = P or As)
H. T. Evans Jr., T.J.R. Weakley, G.B. Jameson
1996, Journal of the Chemical Society, Dalton Transactions 2537-2540
The orthorhombic crystal structures of [NEt3H]5[XCoIIW11O39]·3H2O for X = P and As have been determined with data collected at room temperature, and for X = P at –100 °C, using Mo-Kα radiation. For the latter the space group is Pna21, a= 21.670(11), b= 14.805(4), c= 20.393(5)Å and Z= 4. The...
Crustal structure of the Colorado Plateau, Arizona: Application of new long-offset seismic data analysis techniques
T. Parsons, J. McCarthy, W.M. Kohler, C.J. Ammon, H.M. Benz, J.A. Hole, E.E. Criley
1996, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (101) 11173-11194
The Colorado Plateau is a large crustal block in the southwestern United States that has been raised intact nearly 2 km above sea level since Cretaceous marine sediments were deposited on its surface. Controversy exists concerning the thickness of the plateau crust and the source of its buoyancy. Interpretations of...
On the coherence of ground motion in the San Fernando valley
S. E. Hough, E. H. Field
1996, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (86) 1724-1732
We present an analysis of the coherence of seismic ground motion recorded on alluvial sediments in the San Fernando Valley, California. Using aftershocks of the 17 January 1994 Mw6.7 earthquake recorded at a quasi-dense array of portable stations, we analyze the coherence of three...
Distribution of nitrate and orthophosphate in selected streams in Central Nebraska
R.A. Boyd
1996, Water Resources Bulletin (32) 1247-1257
The Central Nebraska Basins is one of 60 study units in the National Water-Quality Assessment Program of the U.S. Geological Survey. The study unit includes the Platte River and two major tributaries, the Loup and Elkhorn Rivers. Agriculture is the predominant land use in the study unit, with only eight...
Contrasts between Sm-Nd whole-rock and U-Pb zircon systematics in the Tobacco Root batholith, Montana: Implications for the determination of crustal age provinces
P.A. Mueller, A.L. Heatherington, K. A. D’Arcy, J. L. Wooden, A.P. Nutman
1996, Tectonophysics (265) 169-179
Proper documentation of the extent and age of crust in the western US is critical for constraining a variety of geologic problems ranging from the growth rate of continents to Precambrian continental reconstructions. The secondary isotopic systematics of granitoids have been one of the principal means used to characterize continental...
Using thermal-infrared imagery to delineate ground-water discharge
W.S.L. Banks, R. L. Paylor, W.B. Hughes
1996, Groundwater (34) 434-443
On March 8 and 9, 1992, a thermal-infrared-multispectral scanner (TIMS) was flown over two military ordnance disposal facilities at the Edgewood Area of Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland. The data, collected by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, in cooperation with the U.S. Army and...
A Generalized Approach for the Interpretation of Geophysical Well Logs in Ground-Water Studies:Theory and Application
Frederick L. Paillet, R.E. Crowder
1996, Ground Water (34) 883-898
Quantitative analysis of geophysical logs in ground-water studies often involves at least as broad a range of applications and variation in lithology as is typically encountered in petroleum exploration, making such logs difficult to calibrate and complicating inversion problem formulation. At the same time, data inversion and analysis depend on...
The long-term salinity field in San Francisco Bay
R.J. Uncles, D. H. Peterson
1996, Continental Shelf Research (16) 2005-2039
Data are presented on long-term salinity behaviour in San Francisco Bay, California. A two-level, width averaged model of the tidally averaged salinity and circulation has been written in order to interpret the long-term (days to decades) salinity variability. The model has been used to simulate daily averaged salinity in the...
Comparison of alternative spatial resolutions in the application of a spatially distributed biogeochemical model over complex terrain
D.P. Turner, R. Dodson, D. Marks
1996, Ecological Modelling (90) 53-67
Spatially distributed biogeochemical models may be applied over grids at a range of spatial resolutions, however, evaluation of potential errors and loss of information at relatively coarse resolutions is rare. In this study, a georeferenced database at the 1-km spatial resolution was developed to initialize and drive a process-based model...
Calibration of GOES-VISSR, visible-band satellite data and its application to the analysis of a dust storm at Owens Lake, California
D. J. MacKinnon, P.S. Chavez Jr., R. S. Fraser, T.C. Niemeyer, Dale A. Gillette
1996, Geomorphology (17) 229-248
As part of a joint Russian/American dust-storm experiment, GOES-VISSR (Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite, Visible-Infrared Spin-Scan Radiometer), data from a visible-band satellite image of a large dust storm emanating from Owens Lake, California were acquired on March 10 and 11, 1993. The satellite...
Feeding ecology of larval and juvenile American shad (Alosa sapidissima) in a small pond
J. H. Johnson, D. S. Dropkin
1996, Journal of Applied Ichthyology (12) 9-13
Release ponds are used as part of a multifacet effort to restore American shad (Alosa sapidissima) in the upper Susquehanna River basin. Little information exists, however, on the feeding ecology of young shad in small ponds. Consequently, we examined feeding ecology and prey selection of 299 larval and 299 juvenile...
Sand boils induced by the 1993 Mississippi River flood: Could they one day be misinterpreted as earthquake-induced liquefaction?
Y. Li, J. Craven, E.S. Schweig, S. F. Obermeier
1996, Geology (24) 171-174
In areas that are seismically active but lacking clear surficial faulting, many paleoearthquake studies depend on the interpretation of ancient liquefaction features (sand blows) as indicators of prehistoric seismicity. Sand blows, however, can be mimicked by nonseismic sand boils formed by water seeping...
Assessing habitat selection when availability changes
Stephen M. Arthur, Bryan F. J. Manly, Lyman L. McDonald, Gerald W. Garner
1996, Ecology (77) 215-227
We present a method of comparing data on habitat use and availability that allows availability to differ among observations. This method is applicable when habitats change over time and when animals are unable to move throughout a predetermined study area between observations. We used maximum—likelihood techniques to derive an index...
Shear wave velocity structure in North America from large-scale waveform inversions of surface waves
D. Alsina, R.L. Woodward, R.K. Snieder
1996, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (101) 15969-15986
A two-step nonlinear and linear inversion is carried out to map the lateral heterogeneity beneath North America using surface wave data. The lateral resolution for most areas of the model is of the order of several hundred kilometers. The most obvious feature in the tomographic images is the rapid transition...
Remote mineralogic and lithologic mapping of the Ice River alkaline complex, British Columbia, Canada, using AVIRIS data
T. L. Bowers, L. C. Rowan
1996, Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing (62) 1379-1385
The Ice River Alkaline Complex is a late Paleozoic intrusion of mafic alkaline rocks, syenite, and carbonatite exposed in southeastern British Columbia, Canada. The complex intrudes Cambrian and Ordovician shales, slates, and limestones of the Chancellor and Ottertail Formations and the McKay Group. We examined the alkaline complex and adjacent...
Remote sensing of forest fire severity and vegetation recovery
J.D. White, K.C. Ryan, C.H. Key, S. W. Running
1996, International Journal of Wildland Fire (6) 125-136
Burned forested areas have patterns of varying burn severity as a consequence of various topographic, vegetation, and meteorological factors. These patterns are detected and mapped using satellite data. Other ecological information can be abstracted from satellite data regarding rates of recovery of vegetation foliage and variation of burn severity on...
Aeromagnetic survey over US to advance geomagnetic research
T.G. Hildenbrand, R.J. Blakely, W. J. Hinze, Gordon R. Keller, R.A. Langel, M. Nabighian, W. Roest
1996, Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union (77) 265-268
A proposed high-altitude survey of the United States offers an exciting and cost effective opportunity to collect magnetic-anomaly data. Lockheed Martin Missile and Space Company is considering funding a reimbursable ER-2 aircraft (Figure 1) mission to collect synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery at an altitude of...
Use of SAR data to study active volcanoes in Alaska
K.G. Dean, K. Engle, Z. Lu, J. Eichelberger, T. Near, M. Doukas
1996, Earth Observation Quarterly 21-23
Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data of the Westdahl, Veniaminof, and Novarupta volcanoes in the Aleutian Arc of Alaska were analysed to investigate recent surface volcanic processes. These studies support ongoing monitoring and research by the Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO) in the North Pacific Ocean Region. Landforms and possible crustal deformation...
Outburst floods from glacier-dammed lakes: The effect of mode of lake drainage on flood magnitude
Joseph S. Walder, John E. Costa
1996, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms (21) 701-723
Published accounts of outburst floods from glacier‐dammed lakes show that a significant number of such floods are associated not with drainage through a tunnel incised into the basal ice—the process generally assumed—but rather with ice‐marginal drainage, mechanical failure of part of the ice dam, or both. Non‐tunnel floods are strongly correlated with...
Volumetric analysis of a New England barrier system using ground-penetrating-radar and coring techniques
S. Van Heteren, D. M. FitzGerald, D.C. Barber, J. T. Kelley, D. F. Belknap
1996, Journal of Geology (104) 471-483
Ground-penetrating-radar (GPR) profiles calibrated with core data allow accurate assessments of coastal barrier volumes. We applied this procedure successfully to the barrier system along Saco Bay, Maine (USA), as part of a sediment-budget study that focused on present-day sand volumes in various...
