Hawaiian hoary bat occupancy at Kaloko-Honokōhau National Historical Park
Frank J. Bonaccorso, Corina Pinzari, Kristina Montoya-Aiona
2014, Report, Hawaii Cooperative Studies Unit Technical Report
Hawaiian hoary bat (Lasiurus cinereus semotus) vocalizations were recorded using Anabat SD1 and Song Meter SM2Bat ultrasonic recorders at four monitoring stations in Kaloko-Honokōhau National Historical Park on the island of Hawai‘i. We hypothesize that echolocation call events are more numerous during the reproductive season of this bat. Bat detectors...
Climate change impacts on the temperature and magnitude of groundwater discharge from shallow, unconfined aquifers
Barret L. Kurylyk, Kerry T.B MacQuarrie, Clifford I. Voss
2014, Water Resources Research (50) 3253-3274
Cold groundwater discharge to streams and rivers can provide critical thermal refuge for threatened salmonids and other aquatic species during warm summer periods. Climate change may influence groundwater temperature and flow rates, which may in turn impact riverine ecosystems. This study evaluates the potential impact of climate change on the...
Groundwater availability as constrained by hydrogeology and environmental flows
Katelyn A. Watson, Alex S. Mayer, Howard W. Reeves
2014, Ground Water (52) 225-238
Groundwater pumping from aquifers in hydraulic connection with nearby streams has the potential to cause adverse impacts by decreasing flows to levels below those necessary to maintain aquatic ecosystems. The recent passage of the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence River Basin Water Resources Compact has brought attention to this issue in the Great...
Guidelines for a priori grouping of species in hierarchical community models
Krishna Pacifici, Elise Zipkin, Jaime Collazo, Julissa I. Irizarry, Amielle A. DeWan
2014, Ecology and Evolution (4) 877-888
Recent methodological advances permit the estimation of species richness and occurrences for rare species by linking species-level occurrence models at the community level. The value of such methods is underscored by the ability to examine the influence of landscape heterogeneity on species assemblages at large spatial scales. A salient advantage...
The global age distribution of granitic pegmatites
Andrew McCauley, Dwight Bradley
2014, Canadian Mineralogist (52) 183-190
An updated global compilation of 377 new and previously published ages indicates that granitic pegmatites range in age from Mesoarchean to Neogene and have a semi-periodic age distribution. Undivided granitic pegmatites show twelve age maxima: 2913, 2687, 2501, 1853, 1379, 1174, 988, 525, 483, 391, 319, and 72 Ma. These...
Ecotypic variation in recruitment of reintroduced bighorn sheep: implications for translocation
Brett P. Wiedmann, Glen A. Sargeant
2014, Journal of Wildlife Management (78) 394-401
European settlement led to extirpation of native Audubon's bighorn sheep (formerly Ovis canadensis auduboni) from North Dakota during the early 20th century. The North Dakota Game and Fish Department subsequently introduced California bighorn sheep (formerly O. c. californiana) that were indigenous to the Williams Lake region of British Columbia, Canada,...
A 17-year record of environmental tracers in spring discharge, Shenandoah National Park, Virginia, USA: use of climatic data and environmental conditions to interpret discharge, dissolved solutes, and tracer concentrations
Eurybiades Busenberg, Niel Plummer
2014, Aquatic Geochemistry (20) 267-290
A 17-year record (1995–2012) of a suite of environmental tracer concentrations in discharge from 34 springs located along the crest of the Blue Ridge Mountains in Shenandoah National Park (SNP), Virginia, USA, reveals patterns and trends that can be related to climatic and environmental conditions. These data include a 12-year...
Animal reintroductions: an innovative assessment of survival
Erin L. Muths, Larissa L. Bailey, Mary Kay Watry
2014, Biological Conservation (172) 200-208
Quantitative evaluations of reintroductions are infrequent and assessments of milestones reached before a project is completed, or abandoned due to lack of funding, are rare. However, such assessments, which are promoted in adaptive management frameworks, are critical. Quantification can provide defensible estimates of biological success, such as the number of...
Population declines lead to replicate patterns of internal range structure at the tips of the distribution of the California red-legged frog (Rana draytonii)
Jonathan Q. Richmond, Adam R. Backlin, Patricia J. Tatarian, Ben G. Solvesky, Robert N. Fisher
2014, Biological Conservation (172) 128-137
Demographic declines and increased isolation of peripheral populations of the threatened California red-legged frog (Rana draytonii) have led to the formation of internal range boundaries at opposite ends of the species’ distribution. While the population genetics of the southern internal boundary has been studied in some detail, similar information is...
Spatial and temporal patterns of endocrine active chemicals in small streams indicate differential exposure to aquatic organisms
K. E. Lee, L. B. Barber, H.L. Schoenfuss
2014, Journal of the American Water Resources Association (50) 401-419
Alkylphenolic chemicals (APCs) and hormones were measured six times from February through October 2007 in three Minnesota streams receiving wastewater to identify spatial and temporal patterns in concentrations and in estrogen equivalency. Fish were collected once during the study to evaluate endpoints indicative of endocrine disruption. The most commonly detected...
Reconnaissance of pharmaceuticals and wastewater indicators in streambed sediments of the lower Columbia River basin, Oregon and Washington
Elena Nilsen, Edward T. Furlong, Robert Rosenbauer
2014, Journal of the American Water Resources Association (50) 291-301
One by-product of advances in modern chemistry is the accumulation of synthetic chemicals in the natural environment. These compounds include contaminants of emerging concern (CECs), some of which are endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) that can have detrimental reproductive effects. The role of sediments in accumulating these types of...
Otolith microchemistry of tropical diadromous fishes: spatial and migratory dynamics
William E. Smith, Thomas J. Kwak
2014, Journal of Fish Biology (84) 913-928
Otolith microchemistry was applied to quantify migratory variation and the proportion of native Caribbean stream fishes that undergo full or partial marine migration. Strontium and barium water chemistry in four Puerto Rico, U.S.A., rivers was clearly related to a salinity gradient; however, variation in water barium, and thus fish otoliths,...
A capture-recapture model of amphidromous fish dispersal
W. Smith, Thomas J. Kwak
2014, Journal of Fish Biology (84) 897-912
Adult movement scale was quantified for two tropical Caribbean diadromous fishes, bigmouth sleeper Gobiomorus dormitor and mountain mullet Agonostomus monticola, using passive integrated transponders (PITs) and radio-telemetry. Large numbers of fishes were tagged in Rio Mameyes, Puerto Rico, U.S.A., with PITs and monitored at three fixed locations over a 2-5...
Small reservoir distribution, rate of construction, and uses in the upper and middle Chattahoochee basins of the Georgia Piedmont, USA, 1950-2010
Amber R. Ignatius, John Jones
2014, ISPRS International Journal of Geo-information (3) 460-480
Construction of small reservoirs affects ecosystem processes in numerous ways including fragmenting stream habitat, altering hydrology, and modifying water chemistry. While the upper and middle Chattahoochee River basins within the Southeastern United States Piedmont contain few natural lakes, they have a high density of small reservoirs (more than 7500 small...
Infection of sea lamprey with an unusual strain of Aeromonas salmonicida
Arfang Diamanka, Thomas P. Loch, Rocco C. Cipriano, Andrew D. Winters, Mohamed Faisal
2014, Journal of Wildlife Diseases (50) 159-170
The invasion of the Laurentian Great Lakes by the fish-parasitic sea lamprey has led to catastrophic consequences, including the potential introduction of fish pathogens. Aeromonas salmonicida is a bacterial fish pathogen that causes devastating losses worldwide. Currently, there are five accepted subspecies of Aeromonas salmonicida: A. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida, masoucida,...
Successes and challenges from formation to implementation of eleven broad-extent conservation programs
Erik A. Beever, John B. Bradford, Matthew J. Germino, Brady J. Mattsson, Max Post van der Burg, Mark Brunson
2014, Conservation Biology (28) 302-314
Integration of conservation partnerships across geographic, biological, and administrative boundaries is increasingly relevant because drivers of change, such as climate shifts, transcend these boundaries. We explored successes and challenges of established conservation programs that span multiple watersheds and consider both social and ecological concerns. We asked representatives from a diverse...
Occurrence of contaminants of emerging concern along the California coast (2009-10) using passive sampling devices
David A. Alvarez, Keith A. Maruya, Nathan G. Dodder, Wenjian Lao, Edward T. Furlong, Kelly L. Smalling
2014, Marine Pollution Bulletin (81) 347-354
Three passive sampling devices (PSDs), polar organic chemical integrative samplers (POCIS), polyethylene devices (PEDs), and solid-phase microextraction (SPME) samplers were used to sample a diverse set of chemicals in the coastal waters of San Francisco Bay and the Southern California Bight. Seventy one chemicals (including fragrances, phosphate flame retardants, pharmaceuticals,...
Ghost of habitat past: historic habitat affects the contemporary distribution of giant garter snakes in a modified landscape.
Brian J. Halstead, Glenn D. Wylie, Michael L. Casazza
2014, Animal Conservation (17) 144-153
Historic habitat conditions can affect contemporary communities and populations, but most studies of historic habitat are based on the reduction in habitat extent or connectivity. Little is known about the effects of historic habitat on contemporary species distributions when historic habitat has been nearly completely removed, but species persist in...
Mineralogical, chemical and K-Ar isotopic changes in Kreyenhagen Shale whole rocks and <2 µm clay fractions during natural burial and hydrous-pyrolysis experimental maturation
Norbert Clauer, Michael D. Lewan, Michael P. Dolan, Sambhudas Chaudhuri, John B. Curtis
2014, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (130) 93-112
Progressive maturation of the Eocene Kreyenhagen Shale from the San Joaquin Basin of California was studied by combining mineralogical and chemical analyses with K–Ar dating of whole rocks and <2 μm clay fractions from naturally buried samples and laboratory induced maturation by hydrous pyrolysis of an immature outcrop sample. The K–Ar...
Spatially robust estimates of biological nitrogen (N) fixation imply substantial human alteration of the tropical N cycle
Benjamin W. Sullivan, William K. Smith, Alan R. Townsend, Megan K. Nasto, Sasha C. Reed, Robin L. Chazdon, Cory C. Cleveland
2014, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (111) 8101-8106
Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) is the largest natural source of exogenous nitrogen (N) to unmanaged ecosystems and also the primary baseline against which anthropogenic changes to the N cycle are measured. Rates of BNF in tropical rainforest are thought to be among the highest on Earth, but they are notoriously...
Carbon and geochemical properties of cryosols on the North Slope of Alaska
Cuicui Mu, Tingjun Zhang, Paul F. Schuster, Kevin Schaefer, Kimberly P. Wickland, Deborah A. Repert, Lin Liu, Tim Schaefer, Guodong Cheng
2014, Cold Regions Science and Technology (100) 59-67
Cryosols contain roughly 1700 Gt of Soil organic carbon (SOC) roughly double the carbon content of the atmosphere. As global temperature rises and permafrost thaws, this carbon reservoir becomes vulnerable to microbial decomposition, resulting in greenhouse gas emissions that will amplify anthropogenic warming. Improving our understanding...
Capturing interactions between nitrogen and hydrological cycles under historical climate and land use: Susquehanna watershed analysis with the GFDL land model LM3-TAN
M. Lee, S. Malyshev, E. Shevliakova, Paul C. D. Milly, P. R. Jaffe
2014, Biogeosciences (11) 5809-5826
We developed a process model LM3-TAN to assess the combined effects of direct human influences and climate change on terrestrial and aquatic nitrogen (TAN) cycling. The model was developed by expanding NOAA's Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory land model LM3V-N of coupled terrestrial carbon and nitrogen (C-N) cycling and including new...
Pesticide Toxicity Index: a tool for assessing potential toxicity of pesticide mixtures to freshwater aquatic organisms
Lisa H. Nowell, Julia E. Norman, Patrick W. Moran, Jeffrey D. Martin, Wesley W. Stone
2014, Science of the Total Environment (476-477) 144-157
Pesticide mixtures are common in streams with agricultural or urban influence in the watershed. The Pesticide Toxicity Index (PTI) is a screening tool to assess potential aquatic toxicity of complex pesticide mixtures by combining measures of pesticide exposure and acute toxicity in an additive toxic-unit model. The PTI is determined...
Behavioural cues surpass habitat factors in explaining prebreeding resource selection by a migratory diving duck
Shawn T. O’Neil, Jeffrey M. Warren, John Y. Takekawa, Susan E. W. De La Cruz, Kyle A. Cutting, Michael W. Parker, Julie L. Yee
2014, Animal Behaviour (90) 21-29
Prebreeding habitat selection in birds can often be explained in part by habitat characteristics. However, females may also select habitats on the basis of fidelity to areas of previous reproductive success or use by conspecifics. The relative influences of sociobehavioural attributes versus habitat characteristics in habitat selection has been primarily...
Why the 1964 Great Alaska Earthquake matters 50 years later
Michael E. West, Peter J. Haeussler, Natalia A. Ruppert, Jeffrey T. Freymueller, Alaska Seismic Hazards Safety Commission
2014, Seismological Research Letters (85) 245-251
Spring was returning to Alaska on Friday 27 March 1964. A two‐week cold snap had just ended, and people were getting ready for the Easter weekend. At 5:36 p.m., an earthquake initiated 12 km beneath Prince William Sound, near the eastern end of what is now recognized as the Alaska‐Aleutian subduction zone....
