Local energy flux estimates for unstable conditions using variance data in semiarid rangelands
William P. Kustas, J.H. Blanford, D.I. Stannard, C.S.T. Daughtry, W. D. Nichols, M.A. Weltz
1994, Water Resources Research (30) 1351-1361
A network of meteorological stations was installed during the Monsoon '90 field campaign in the Walnut Gulch experimental watershed. The study area has a fairly complex surface. The vegetation cover is heterogeneous and sparse, and the terrain is mildly hilly, but dissected by ephemeral channels. Besides measurement of some of...
Simulations of the origin of fluid pressure, fracture gen eration, and the movement of fluids in the Uinta Basin, Utah
J.D. Bredehoeft, J.B. Wesley, T. D. Fouch
1994, AAPG Bulletin (78) 1729-1747
The Altamont oil field in the deep Uinta basin is known to have reservoir fluid pressures that approach lithostatic. One explanation for this high pore-fluid pressure is the generation of oil from kerogen in the Green River oil shale at depth. A three-dimensional simulation of flow in the basin was...
Further discussions on the relationship between cumulated intercepted solar radiation and crop growth
T.H. Demetriades-Shah, M. Fuchs, E.T. Kanemasu, I.D. Flitcroft
1994, Agricultural and Forest Meteorology (68) 231-242
A strong correlation exists between intercepted solar radiation and crop growth. We cautioned that many derivations of the functional relationship between solar energy and biomass use cumulated data, and therefore have logical and arithmetic weaknesses. We examined the growth response of plants to solar energy by using rates of change,...
Acute and chronic effects of four commercial herbicide formulations on Ceriodaphnia dubia
M. P. Ort, J.F. Fairchild, S.E. Finger
1994, Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology (27) 103-106
Toxicity tests with Ceriodaphnia dubia were conducted to determine acute (48 h) and chronic (7-day survival and reproduction) effects of four commonly used herbicide formulations. The 48-h LC50s in decreasing order of toxicity were 14.36 mg/L (Micro-Tech®), 15.93 mg/L (Bicep®), 32.99 mg/L (Extrazine®), and 35.36 mg/L (Lexone®). Reduced...
Seasonal and annual survival of emperor geese
Joel A. Schmutz, Susan E. Cantor, Margaret R. Petersen
1994, Journal of Wildlife Management (58) 525-535
Population levels of emperor geese (Chen canagica) in Alaska in 1993 were about half that estimated in the 1960s. Survival information is necessary for managers to decide how to best enhance recovery of this species to former levels. We calculated seasonal and annual estimates of emperor goose survival from resightings...
Environmental variability facilitates coexistence within an alcid community at sea
J. Christopher Haney, Amy E.S. Schauer
1994, Marine Ecology Progress Series (103) 221-237
We examined coexistence at sea among 7 taxa of diving, wing-propelled seabirds (Alcidae) in the genera Aethia, Uria, Cepphus, and Fratercula. Species abundances were measured simultaneously with a suite of environmental factors in the northern Bering Sea, Alaska, USA; data from 260 adjacent and non-adjacent sites occupied by alcids foraging...
Map and table showing isotopic age data in Alaska
Frederic H. Wilson, Nora B. Shew, G.D. DuBois
1994, Book chapter, The geology of Alaska: Volume G-1 of Decade of North American Geology
The source of the data reported here is a compilation of radiometric ages maintained in conjunction with the Alaska Mineral Resource Assessment Program (AMRAP) studies for Alaska. The symbol shape plotted at each location is coded for rock type, whether igneous, metamorphic, or other; the color of the symbol shows...
Involvement of rainbow trout leucocytes in the pathogenesis of infectious hematopoietic necrosis
S. Chilmonczyk, J. R. Winton
1994, Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 89-94
Rainbow trout Oncorhynchus myluss leucocytes were tested for their ability to support replication of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV). Viral replication occurred in vitro uslng leucocytes cultured from peripheral blood, kidney, and thymus where viral titers peaked at 2 to 4 d post-inoculation. Leucocytes collected from trout following waterborne challenge...
Identification of tundra land cover near Teschekpuk Lake, Alaska using SPOT satellite data
Carl J. Markon, Dirk V. Derksen
1994, Arctic (47) 222-231
Tundra vegetation in the Teshekpuk Lake area of the Alaskan Arctic Coastal Plain was mapped to assess distribution and abundance of waterfowl habitats. Three SPOT satellite scenes were acquired and registered to a 20 m Universal Transverse Mercator grid. Two clustering techniques were used to develop statistical parameters by...
Stream and floodplain restoration in a riparian ecosystem disturbed by placer mining
Kenneth F. Karle, Roseann V. Densmore
1994, Ecological Engineering (3) 121-133
Techniques for the hydrologic restoration of placer-mined streams and floodplains were developed in Denali National Park and Preserve Alaska, USA. The hydrologic study focused on a design of stream and floodplain geometry using hydraulic capacity and shear stress equations. Slope and sinuosity values were based on regional relationships. Design requirements...
Digital hum filtering
R.W. Knapp, N.L. Anderson
1994, Computers & Geosciences (20) 881-888
Data may be overprinted by a steady-state cyclical noise (hum). Steady-state indicates that the noise is invariant with time; its attributes, frequency, amplitude, and phase, do not change with time. Hum recorded on seismic data usually is powerline noise and associated higher harmonics; leakage from full-waveform rectified cathodic protection devices...
Water resources data, Oklahoma, water year 1993: Volume 1. Arkansas River Basin
R.L. Blazs, D.M. Walters, T.E. Coffey, D.K. White, D.L. Boyle, J.F. Kerestes
1994, Water Data Report OK-93-1
Volumes 1 and 2 of the water resources data for the 1993 water year for Oklahoma consists of records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams; stage, contents, and water quality of lakes or reservoirs; and water levels of ground-water wells. This report contains discharge records for 135 gaging...
Volume of magma accumulation or withdrawal estimated from surface uplift or subsidence, with application to the 1960 collapse of Kilauea volcano
P.T. Delaney, D.F. McTigue
1994, Bulletin of Volcanology (56) 417-424
An elastic point source model proposed by Mogi for magma chamber inflation and deflation has been applied to geodetic data collected at many volcanoes. The volume of ground surface uplift or subsidence estimated from this model is closely related to the volume of magma injection into or withdrawal from the...
Data report and description of techniques for the 1993 season of the San Francisco Bay area regional broad-band transect, California (Passcal Experiment P9220)
J.R. Evans, J.M. Coakley, H. M. Iyer, S.D. Ruppert, S.Y. Schwartz, J.E. Vidale, George Zandt
1994, Open-File Report 94-433
Baseline element concentrations in soils and plants, Bull Island, Cape Romain National Wildlife Refuge, South Carolina, U.S.A.
L. P. Gough, R. C. Severson, L. L. Jackson
1994, Water, Air, & Soil Pollution (74) 1-17
Baseline element concentrations are given for Spanish moss (Tillandsia usneoides), loblolly pine (Pinus taeda), and associated soils. Baseline and variability data for ash, Al, Ba, C, Ca, Cd, Ce, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, La, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, Nb, Nd, Ni, P, Pb, S, Sc,...
Identification of marine hydrates in situ and their distribution off the Atlantic coast of the United States
William P. Dillon, Myung W. Lee, Dwight F. Coleman
1994, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences (715) 364-380
Natural gas hydrates, mostly methane hydrates, occur within seafloor sediments almost everywhere in the world’s oceans where water depths exceed 300 to 500 m, and hydrates in this setting probably contain very large quantities of methane.’ Gas hydrates have been identified in marine sediments by coring and by the response...
A rock-magnetic record from Lake Baikal, Siberia: Evidence for Late Quaternary climate change
J.A. Peck, J.W. King, Steven M. Colman, V.A. Kravchinsky
1994, Earth and Planetary Science Letters (122) 221-238
Rock-magnetic measurements of sediment cores from the Academician Ridge region of Lake Baikal, Siberia show variations related to Late Quaternary climate change. Based upon the well-dated last glacial-interglacial transition, variations in magnetic concentration and mineralogy are related to glacial-interglacial cycles using a conceptual model. Interglacial intervals are characterized by low...
Developing standards for a national spatial data infrastructure
Kathryn C. Wortman
1994, Cartography and Geographic Information Systems (21) 132-135
The concept of a framework for data and information linkages among producers and users, known as a National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI), is built upon four corners: data, technology, institutions, and standards. Standards are paramount to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of the NSDI. Historically, data standards and specifications have...
Compositions of micas in peraluminous granitoids of the eastern Arabian shield - Implications for petrogenesis and tectonic setting of highly evolved, rare-metal enriched granites
du Bray
1994, Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology (116) 381-397
Compositions and pleochroism of micas in fourteen peraluminous alkali-feldspar granites in the eastern part of the Late Proterozoic Arabian Shield are unlike those of micas (principally biotite) in most calc-alkaline granitoid rocks. Compositions of these micas are distinguished by elevated abundances of Li2O, F, and numerous cations and by low...
The origin and evolution of dust clouds in Central Asia
V. V. Smirnov, Dale A. Gillette, G. S. Golitsyn, D. J. MacKinnon
1994, Atmospheric Research (34) 169-176
Data from a high resolution radiometer AVHRR (580–680 nm optical lengthwaves) installed on the “NOAA-11” satellite as well as TV (500–700 nm) and IR (8000–12000 nm) equipment of the Russia satellite “Meteor-2/16” were used to study the evolution of dust storms for 1–30 September 1989 in Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan and...
Organic solute changes with acidification in Lake Skjervatjern as shown by 1H-NMR spectroscopy
Ronald L. Malcolm, T. Hayes
1994, Conference Paper, Environment International
1H-NMR spectroscopy has been found to be a useful tool to establish possible real differences and trends between all natural organic solute fractions (fulvic acids, humic acids, and XAD-4 acids) after acid-rain additions to the Lake Skjervatjern watershed. The proton NMR technique used in this study determined the spectral distribution...
An integrated data-directed numerical method for estimating the undiscovered mineral endowment in a region
R.B. McCammon, W.I. Finch, J.O. Kork, N.J. Bridges
1994, Nonrenewable Resources (3) 109-122
An integrated data-directed numerical method has been developed to estimate the undiscovered mineral endowment within a given area. The method has been used to estimate the undiscovered uranium endowment in the San Juan Basin, New Mexico, U.S.A. The favorability of uranium concentration was evaluated in each of 2,068 cells defined...
Simulating effects of highway embankments on estuarine circulation
Jonathan K. Lee, Raymond W. Schaffranek, Robert A. Baltzer
1994, Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal and Ocean Engineering (120) 199-218
A two‐dimensional, depth‐averaged, finite‐difference, numerical model was used to simulate tidal circulation and mass transport in the Port Royal Sound, South Carolina, estuarine system. The purpose of the study was to demonstrate the utility of the Surface‐Water, Integrated, Flow and Transport model (SWIFT2D) for evaluating changes in circulation patterns and...
Potential-field sounding using Euler's homogeneity equation and Zidarov bubbling
Lindrith Cordell
1994, Geophysics (59) 902-908
Potential-field (gravity) data are transformed into a physical-property (density) distribution in a lower half-space, constrained solely by assumed upper bounds on physical-property contrast and data error. A two-step process is involved. The data are first transformed to an equivalent set of line (2-D case) or point (3-D case) sources, using...
Geochemical evolution of groundwater in the Culebra dolomite near the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant, southeastern New Mexico, USA
M.D. Siegel, S. Anderholm
1994, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (58) 2299-2323
The Culebra Dolomite Member of the Rustler Formation, a thin (10 m) fractured dolomite aquifer, lies approximately 450 m above the repository horizon of the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) in southeastern New Mexico, USA. Salinities of water in the Culebra range roughly from 10,000 to 200,000 mg/L within the...
