The added complications of climate change: Understanding and managing biodiversity and ecosystems
Amanda Staudt, Allison K. Leidner, Jennifer Howard, Kate A. Brauman, Jeffrey S. Dukes, Lara J. Hansen, Craig P. Paukert, John L. Sabo, Luis A. Solorzano
2013, Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment (11) 494-501
Ecosystems around the world are already threatened by land-use and land-cover change, extraction of natural resources, biological disturbances, and pollution. These environmental stressors have been the primary source of ecosystem degradation to date, and climate change is now exacerbating some of their effects. Ecosystems already under stress are likely to...
Distribution of biologic, anthropogenic, and volcanic constituents as a proxy for sediment transport in the San Francisco Bay Coastal System
Mary McGann, Li H. Erikson, Elmira Wan, Charles L. Powell II, Rosalie F. Maddocks
Patrick L. Barnard, Bruce E. Jaffe, David H. Schoellhamer, editor(s)
2013, Marine Geology (345) 113-142
Although conventional sediment parameters (mean grain size, sorting, and skewness) and provenance have typically been used to infer sediment transport pathways, most freshwater, brackish, and marine environments are also characterized by abundant sediment constituents of biological, and possibly anthropogenic and volcanic, origin that can provide additional insight into local sedimentary...
Prolonged magmatic activity on Mars inferred from the detection of felsic rocks
James J. Wray, Sarah T. Hansen, Josef Dufek, Gregg A. Swayze, Scott L. Murchie, Frank P. Seelos, John R. Skok, Rossman P. Irwin III, Mark S. Ghiorso
2013, Nature Geoscience (6) 1013-1017
Rocks dominated by the silicate minerals quartz and feldspar are abundant in Earth’s upper continental crust. Yet felsic rocks have not been widely identified on Mars, a planet that seems to lack plate tectonics and the associated magmatic processes that can produce evolved siliceous melts on Earth. If Mars once...
Sediment transport in the San Francisco Bay Coastal System: An overview
Patrick L. Barnard, David H. Schoellhamer, Bruce E. Jaffe, Lester J. McKee
Patrick L. Barnard, Bruce E. Jaffe, David H. Schoellhamer, editor(s)
2013, Marine Geology (345) 3-17
The papers in this special issue feature state-of-the-art approaches to understanding the physical processes related to sediment transport and geomorphology of complex coastal-estuarine systems. Here we focus on the San Francisco Bay Coastal System, extending from the lower San Joaquin-Sacramento Delta, through the Bay, and along the adjacent outer Pacific...
Characteristics and interpretation of fracture-filled gas hydrate: an example from the Ulleung Basin, East Sea of Korea
Myung Woong Lee, Timothy S. Collett
2013, Marine and Petroleum Geology (47) 168-181
Through the use of 2-D and 3-D seismic data, a total of thirteen sites were selected and drilled in the East Sea of Korea in 2010. A suite of logging-while-drilling (LWD) logs was acquired at each site. LWD logs from the UBGH2-3A well indicate significant gas hydrate in clay-bearing sediments...
Efficacy of hand-broadcast application of baits containing 0.005% diphacinone in reducing rat populations in Hawaiian forests
David Foote, Gerald D. Lindsey, Charlotte F. Perry, Eric Spurr
2013, Report, Hawaii Cooperative Studies Technical Report
Introduced black rats (Rattus rattus), Polynesian rats (R. exulans/i>), and Norway rats (R. norvegicus) impact insular bird, plant, and invertebrate populations worldwide. We investigated the efficacy of hand-broadcast application of Ramik® Green containing 0.005% diphacinone for rodent control in paired 4-ha treatment and non-treatment plots in both wet and mesic...
Evidence for a receiver bias underlying female preference for a male mating pheromone in sea lamprey
Tyler J. Buchinger, Huiyong Wang, Weiming Li, Nicholas S. Johnson
2013, Proceedings of the Royal Society B (280)
Receiver bias models suggest that a male sexual signal became exaggerated to match a pre-existing sensory, perceptual or cognitive disposition of the female. Accordingly, these models predict that females of related taxa possessing the ancestral state of signalling evolved preference for the male trait in a non-sexual context. We postulated...
Resilience to stress and disturbance, and resistance to Bromus tectorum L. invasion in cold desert shrublands of western North America
Jeanne C. Chambers, Bethany A. Bradley, Cynthia S. Brown, Carla D'Antonio, Matthew J. Germino, James B. Grace, Stuart P. Hardegree, Richard F. Miller, David A. Pyke
2013, Ecosystems (17) 360-375
Alien grass invasions in arid and semi-arid ecosystems are resulting in grass–fire cycles and ecosystem-level transformations that severely diminish ecosystem services. Our capacity to address the rapid and complex changes occurring in these ecosystems can be enhanced by developing an understanding of the environmental factors and ecosystem attributes that determine...
Measuring suspended sediment
J. R. Gray, M. N. Landers
2013, Book chapter, Comprehensive water quality and purification
Suspended sediment in streams and rivers can be measured using traditional instruments and techniques and (or) surrogate technologies. The former, as described herein, consists primarily of both manually deployed isokinetic samplers and their deployment protocols developed by the Federal Interagency Sedimentation Project. They are used on all continents other than...
The North American Breeding Bird Survey 1966–2011: Summary analysis and species accounts
John R. Sauer, William A. Link, Jane E. Fallon, Keith L. Pardieck, David J. Ziolkowski
2013, North American Fauna (79) 1-32
The North American Breeding Bird Survey is a roadside, count-based survey conducted by volunteer observers. Begun in 1966, it now is a primary source of information on spatial and temporal patterns of population change for North American birds. We analyze population change for states, provinces, Bird Conservation Regions, and the...
A 600-ka Arctic sea-ice record from Mendeleev Ridge based on ostracodes
Thomas M. Cronin, L.V. Polyak, D. Reed, E. S. Kandiano, R. E. Marzen, E. A. Council
2013, Quaternary Science Reviews (79) 157-167
Arctic paleoceanography and sea-ice history were reconstructed from epipelagic and benthic ostracodes from a sediment core (HLY0503-06JPC, 800 m water depth) located on the Mendeleev Ridge, Western Arctic Ocean. The calcareous microfaunal record (ostracodes and foraminifers) covers several glacial/interglacial cycles back to estimated Marine Isotope Stage 13 (MIS 13, ∼500 ka) with...
A hierarchical nest survival model integrating incomplete temporally varying covariates
Sarah J. Converse, J. Andrew Royle, Peter H. Adler, Richard P. Urbanek, Jeb A. Barzan
2013, Ecology and Evolution (3) 4439-4447
Nest success is a critical determinant of the dynamics of avian populations, and nest survival modeling has played a key role in advancing avian ecology and management. Beginning with the development of daily nest survival models, and proceeding through subsequent extensions, the capacity for modeling the effects of hypothesized factors...
Simulated tsunami inundation for a range of Cascadia megathrust earthquake scenarios at Bandon, Oregon, USA
Robert C. Witter, Yinglong J. Zhang, Kelin Wang, George R. Priest, Chris Goldfinger, Laura Stimely, John T. English, Paul A. Ferro
2013, Geosphere (9) 1783-1803
Characterizations of tsunami hazards along the Cascadia subduction zone hinge on uncertainties in megathrust rupture models used for simulating tsunami inundation. To explore these uncertainties, we constructed 15 megathrust earthquake scenarios using rupture models that supply the initial conditions for tsunami simulations at Bandon, Oregon. Tsunami inundation varies with the...
Climate change and watershed mercury export: a multiple projection and model analysis
Heather E. Golden, Christopher D. Knightes, Paul Conrads, Toby D. Feaster, Gary M. Davis, Stephen T. Benedict, Paul M. Bradley
2013, Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (32) 2165-2174
Future shifts in climatic conditions may impact watershed mercury (Hg) dynamics and transport. An ensemble of watershed models was applied in the present study to simulate and evaluate the responses of hydrological and total Hg (THg) fluxes from the landscape to the watershed outlet and in-stream THg concentrations to contrasting...
Sediment transport patterns in the San Francisco Bay Coastal System from cross-validation of bedform asymmetry and modeled residual flux
Patrick L. Barnard, Li H. Erikson, Edwin P.L. Elias, Peter Dartnell
Patrick L. Barnard, Bruce E. Jaffe, David H. Schoellhamer, editor(s)
2013, Marine Geology (345) 72-95
The morphology of ~ 45,000 bedforms from 13 multibeam bathymetry surveys was used as a proxy for identifying net bedload sediment transport directions and pathways throughout the San Francisco Bay estuary and adjacent outer coast. The spatially-averaged shape asymmetry of the bedforms reveals distinct pathways of ebb and flood transport....
Woody debris volume depletion through decay: implications for biomass and carbon accounting
Shawn Fraver, Amy M. Milo, John B. Bradford, Anthony W. D’Amato, Laura Kenefic, Brian J. Palik, Christopher W. Woodall, John Brissette
2013, Ecosystems (16) 1262-1272
Woody debris decay rates have recently received much attention because of the need to quantify temporal changes in forest carbon stocks. Published decay rates, available for many species, are commonly used to characterize deadwood biomass and carbon depletion. However, decay rates are often derived from reductions in wood density through...
Human-induced stream channel abandonment/capture and filling of floodplain channels within the Atchafalaya River Basin, Louisiana
Daniel E. Kroes, Thomas F. Kraemer
2013, Geomorphology (201) 148-156
The Atchafalaya River Basin is a distributary system of the Mississippi River containing the largest riparian area in the lower Mississippi River Valley and the largest remaining forested bottomland in North America. Reductions in the area of open water in the Atchafalaya have been occurring over the last 100 years,...
Seasonal variations in suspended-sediment dynamics in the tidal reach of an estuarine tributary
Maureen A. Downing-Kunz, David H. Schoellhamer
Patrick L. Barnard, Bruce E. Jaffe, David H. Schoellhamer, editor(s)
2013, Marine Geology (345) 314-326
Quantifying sediment supply from estuarine tributaries is an important component of developing a sediment budget, and common techniques for estimating supply are based on gages located above tidal influence. However, tidal interactions near tributary mouths can affect the magnitude and direction of sediment supply to the open waters of the...
Nest site selection by diamond-backed terrapins (Malaclemys terrapin) on a Mid-Atlantic Barrier Island
Joseph C. Mitchell, Susan C. Walls
2013, Chelonian Conservation and Biology (12) 303-308
We scored 48 Malaclemys terrapin nests destroyed by raccoons on Fisherman Island, Virginia, for the presence or absence of tree canopy, shrub canopy, no canopy, bare sand, grass cover, and herbaceous cover. Significantly more nests than expected were found in the open with no vegetation cover and observed distances of...
Co-occurrence of invasive Cuban Treefrogs and native treefrogs in PVC pipe refugia
Laura M. Elston, J. Hardin Waddle, Kenneth G. Rice, H. Franklin Percival
2013, Herpetological Review (44) 406-409
The Cuban Treefrog (Osteopilus septentrionalis) was first introduced to Florida at Key West. Since this introduction, Cuban Treefrogs have spread to Miami and are now established throughout most of peninsular Florida. Cuban Treefrogs can become very abundant in areas they colonize. Several reasons contribute to their success, including a generalist...
Population-level thermal performance of a cold-water ectotherm is linked to ontogeny and local environmental heterogeneity
Blake R. Hossack, Windsor H. Lowe, Mariah J. Talbott, P. Stephen Corn, Kevin M. Kappenman, Molly A. H. Webb
2013, Freshwater Biology (58) 2215-2225
Negative effects of global warming are predicted to be most severe for species that occupy a narrow range of temperatures, have limited dispersal abilities or have long generation times. These are characteristics typical of many species that occupy small, cold streams.Habitat use, vulnerabilities and mechanisms for coping with local...
Spatial contexts for temporal variability in alpine vegetation under ongoing climate change
George P. Malanson, Daniel B. Fagre
2013, Plant Ecology (214) 1309-1319
A framework to monitor mountain summit vegetation (The Global Observation Research Initiative in Alpine Environments, GLORIA) was initiated in 1997. GLORIA results should be taken within a regional context of the spatial variability of alpine tundra. Changes observed at GLORIA sites in Glacier National Park, Montana, USA are quantified within...
Colorado geology then and now: Following the route of the Colorado Scientific Society’s 1901 trip through central Colorado
Beth Simmons
Lon D. Abbott, Gregory S. Hancock, editor(s)
2013, Book chapter, Classic concepts and new directions: Exploring 125 years of GSA discoveries in the Rocky Mountain region
In 1901, Charles Van Hise asked Samuel Emmons and Whitman Cross to organize a grand excursion across Colorado as part of the combined meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, GSA, and the Colorado Scientific Society (CSS). This trip replays part of that 10-day excursion across Colorado....
A sediment budget for the southern reach in San Francisco Bay, CA: Implications for habitat restoration
Gregory Shellenbarger, Scott Wright, David H. Schoellhamer
2013, Marine Geology (345) 281-293
The South Bay Salt Pond Restoration Project is overseeing the restoration of about 6000 ha of former commercial salt-evaporation ponds to tidal marsh and managed wetlands in the southern reach of San Francisco Bay (SFB). As a result of regional groundwater overdrafts prior to the 1970s, parts of the project...
High-resolution global maps of 21st-century forest cover change
M.C. Hansen, P.V. Potapov, R. Moore, M. Hancher, S.A. Turubanova, A. Tyukavina, D. Thau, S.V. Stehman, S.J. Goetz, Thomas R. Loveland, A. Kommareddy, Alexey Egorov, L. Chini, C.O. Justice, J.R.G. Townshend
2013, Science (342) 850-853
Quantification of global forest change has been lacking despite the recognized importance of forest ecosystem services. In this study, Earth observation satellite data were used to map global forest loss (2.3 million square kilometers) and gain (0.8 million square kilometers) from 2000 to 2012 at a spatial resolution of 30...
