The laser microprobe mass analyser for determining partitioning of minor and trace elements among intimately associated macerals: An example from the Swallow Wood coal bed, Yorkshire, UK
P.C. Lyons, J.J. Morelli, D.M. Hercules, D. Lineman, C. L. Thompson-Rizer, F.T. Dulong
1990, Fuel (69) 771-775
A study of the elemental composition of intimately associated coal macerals in the English Swallow Wood coal bed was conducted using a laser microprobe mass analyser, and indicated a similar trace and minor elemental chemistry in the vitrinite and cutinite and a different elemental signature in the fusinite. Three to...
Disseminated flake graphite and amorphous graphite deposit types. An analysis using grade and tonnage models
David M. Sutphin, James D. Bliss
1990, CIM Bulletin (83) 85-89
On the basis of differences derived from genetic, descriptive, and grade-tonnage data, graphite deposits are classified here into three deposit types: disseminated flake, amorphous (microcrystalline), or graphite veins. Descriptive models have been constructed for each of these deposit types, and grade-tonnage models are constructed for disseminated flake and amorphous deposit...
Fast algorithm for automatically computing Strahler stream order
Kenneth J. Lanfear
1990, Water Resources Bulletin (26) 977-981
An efficient algorithm was developed to determine Strahler stream order for segments of stream networks represented in a Geographic Information System (GIS). The algorithm correctly assigns Strahler stream order in topologically complex situations such as braided streams and multiple drainage outlets. Execution time varies nearly linearly with the number of...
An investigation of spectral change as influenced by irrigation and evapotranspiration volume estimation in western Nebraska
P. M. Seevers, F.C. Sadowski, D. T. Lauer
1990, Climatic Change (17) 265-285
Retrospective satellite image data were evaluated for their ability to demonstrate the influence of center-pivot irrigation development in western Nebraska on spectral change and climate-related factors for the region. Periodic images of an albedo index and a normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) were generated from calibrated Landsat multispectral scanner (MSS)...
An evaluation of the accuracy of geomagnetic data obtained from an unattended, automated, quasi-absolute station
D.C. Herzog
1990, Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors (59) 112-118
A comparison is made of geomagnetic calibration data obtained from a high-sensitivity proton magnetometer enclosed within an orthogonal bias coil system, with data obtained from standard procedures at a mid-latitude U.S. Geological Survey magnetic observatory using a quartz horizontal magnetometer, a Ruska magnetometer, and a total field magnetometer. The orthogonal...
Calculation of zero-offset vertical seismic profiles generated by a horizontal point force acting on the surface of an elastic half-space
Hsi-Ping Liu
1990, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (80) 832-856
Impulse responses including near-field terms have been obtained in closed form for the zero-offset vertical seismic profiles generated by a horizontal point force acting on the surface of an anelastic half-space. The method is based on the correspondence principle. Through transformation of variables, the Fourier transform of the elastic impulse...
Climate factor for small-basin flood frequency
R.W. Lichty, M.R. Karlinger
1990, Water Resources Bulletin (26) 577-586
A climate factor, CT, (T = 2-, 25-, and 100-year recurrence intervals) that delineates regional trends in small-basin flood frequency was derived using data from 71 long-term rainfall record sites. Values of CT at these sites were developed by a regression analysis that related rainfall-runoff model estimates of T-year floods...
UPb ages of zircon rims: A new analytical method using the air-abrasion technique
J. N. Aleinikoff, D.L. Winegarden, M. Walters
1990, Chemical Geology: Isotope Geoscience Section (80) 351-363
We present a new technique for directly dating, by conventional techniques, the rims of zircons. Several circumstances, such as a xenocrystic or inherited component in igneous zircon and metamorphic overgrowths on igneous cores, can result in grains with physically distinct age components. Pneumatic abrasion has been previously shown by Krogh...
Petrology of the Rainy Lake area, Minnesota, USA-implications for petrotectonic setting of the archean southern Wabigoon subprovince of the Canadian Shield
W. C. Day
1990, Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology (105) 303-321
The Rainy Lake area in northern Minnesota and southwestern, Ontario is a Late Archean (2.7 Ga) granite-greenstone belt within the Wabigoon subprovince of the Canadian Shield. In Minnesota the rocks include mafic and felsic volcanic rocks, volcaniclastic, chemical sedimentary rocks, and graywacke that are intrucded by coeval gabbro, tonalite, and...
Three-dimensional P and S velocity structure in the Coalinga Region, California
D. Eberhart-Phillips
1990, Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth (95) 15343-15363
The Coalinga earthquake sequence of 1983 provided a unique opportunity to perform a three-dimensional velocity and hypocenter inversion in an area of complex three-dimensional structure dominated by folding and blind thrusts. Additionally, since other varied geological and geophysical studies have been completed in this area, the three-dimensional inversion solution could...
Effect of soil moisture on the sorption of trichloroethene vapor to vadose-zone soil at picatinny arsenal, New Jersey
J. A. Smith, C. T. Chiou, J.A. Kammer, D. E. Kile
1990, Environmental Science & Technology (24) 676-683
This report presents data on the sorption of trichloroethene (TCE) vapor to vadose-zone soil above a contaminated water-table aquifer at Picatinny Arsenal in Morris County, NJ. To assess the impact of moisture on TCE sorption, batch experiments on the sorption of TCE vapor by the field soil were carried out...
Application of the DR3M watershed model on a small urban basin
Richard P. Thomas
1990, Water Resources Bulletin (26) 757-766
Data collected at a 79-acre urban watershed in Albuquerque, New Mexico, were used to calibrate and verify the Distributed Routing Rainfall-Runoff Model, a parametric watershed model. Standard errors of estimate for the 38 calibration storms were 33 percent and 38 percent, respectively, for volumes and peaks; and for the 46...
Origins of water and solutes in and north of the Norris-Mammoth Corridor, Yellowstone National Park
Yousif Kharaka, Robert Mariner, Gil Ambats, William Evans, Lloyd White, Thomas Bullen, B. Mack Kennedy
1990, Conference Paper, Transactions - Geothermal Resources Council
This study was initiated to investigate the impacts of geothermal development in the Corwin Springs Known Geothermal Resources Area (KGRA) on the hydrothermal features of Yellowstone National Park. To determine possible hydrogeochemical connections, we used the diagnostic stable and radioactive isotopes of several elements, and the chemical and gas compositions...
Bottom-boundary-layer measurements on the continental shelf off the Ebro River, Spain
D.A. Cacchione, D.E. Drake, M.A. Losada, R. Medina
1990, Marine Geology (95) 179-192
Measurements of currents, waves and light transmission obtained with an instrumented bottom tripod (GEOPROBE) were used in conjunction with a theoretical bottom-boundary-layer model for waves and currents to investigate sediment transport on the continental shelf south of the Ebro River Delta,...
Fluid-inclusion technique for determining maximum temperature in calcite and its comparison to the vitrinite reflectance geothermometer
C.E. Barker, R.H. Goldstein
1990, Geology (18) 1003-1006
Theory, laboratory experiments, and empirical observation suggest that many aqueous fluid inclusions in calcite reequilibrate during overheating, and therefore some homogenization temperatures (Th) record a temperature close to the maximum reached by the rock. This characteristic suggests that aqueous fluid inclusions in calcite can be used to establish maximum temperature...
The US Geological Survey's National Mapping Division programs, products, and services that can support wetlands mapping
F.S. Baxter
1990, Biological Report - US Fish & Wildlife Service (90) 87-92
The US Geological Survey (USGS) programs can play an important role in support of President Bush's policy of no net loss of wetlands. A principal goal of USGS is to provide cartographic information that contributes to the wise management of the Nation's natural resources. This information consists of maps, cartographic...
Operation of U.S. Geological Survey unmanned digital magnetic observatories
L.R. Wilson
1990, Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors (59) 45-54
The precision and continuity of data recorded by unmanned digital magnetic observatories depend on the type of data acquisition equipment used and operating procedures employed. Three generations of observatory systems used by the U.S. Geological Survey are described. A table listing the frequency of component failures in the current observatory...
Analysis of eight argonne premium coal samples by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry
J.R. Evans, G.A. Sellers, R. G. Johnson, D.V. Vivit, J. Kent
1990, Energy & Fuels (4) 440-442
X-ray fluorescence spectrometric methods were used in the analysis of eight Argonne Premium Coal Samples. Trace elements (Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, La, and Ce) in coal ash were determined by energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry; major elements (Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, S, K, Ca,...
Global data collection and the surveillance of active volcanoes
Peter L. Ward
1990, Global and Planetary Change (3) 263-267
Data relay systems on existing earth-orbiting satellites provide an inexpensive way to collect environmental data from numerous remote sites around the world. This technology could be used effectively for fundamental monitoring of most of the world's active volcanoes. Such global monitoring would focus attention on the most dangerous volcanoes that...
Evaluation of line transect sampling based on remotely sensed data from underwater video
R.A. Bergstedt, David R. Anderson
1990, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society (119) 86-91
We used underwater video in conjunction with the line transect method and a Fourier series estimator to make 13 independent estimates of the density of known populations of bricks lying on the bottom in shallows of Lake Huron. The pooled estimate of density (95.5 bricks per hectare) was close to...
On graphically representing the confidence region for an unknown rotation in three dimensions
M.S. Hanna, T. Chang
1990, Computers & Geosciences (16) 163-194
In assessing the errors involved in reconstructing tectonic plate rotations, it is desirable to have confidence regions for the unknown rotation. This paper presents a method for graphing such confidence regions, which exhibits the dependence of the range of possible angles of rotation on the axis considered. Namely, the minimum...
Traveltime inversion using transmitted waves of offset VSP data
Myung W. Lee
1990, Geophysics (55) 1089-1097
Estimation of layer parameters such as interval velocity, reflector depth, and dip can be formulated as a generalized linear inverse problem using observed arrival times. Based on a 2-D earth model, a computationally efficient and accurate formula is derived for traveltime inversion. This inversion method is applied to offset vertical...
Modern aerial gamma-ray spectrometry and regional potassium map of the conterminous United States
Joseph S. Duval
1990, Journal of Geochemical Exploration (39) 249-253
Aerial gamma-ray surveys of the natural environment measure the flux of gamma rays produced by the radioactive decay of 40K, 214Bi, and 208Tl in the upper 10–20 cm of surface materials. 40K is a radioactive potassium isotope which can be used to estimate the total amount of potassium in the soils and rocks. 214Bi is...
Distribution and dispersal of suspended particulate matter on the Ebro continental shelf, northwestern Mediterranean Sea
A. Palanques, D.E. Drake
1990, Marine Geology (95) 193-206
Hydrographic data, water and bottom-sediment samples, and a GEOPROBE tripod experiment were used to examine the distribution and dynamics of suspended particulate matter on the Ebro shelf in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea.In the absence of strong winds and storms, primary...
Combustion and leaching behavior of elements in the argonne premium coal samples
R. B. Finkelman, C.A. Palmer, M.R. Krasnow, P. J. Aruscavage, G.A. Sellers, F.T. Dulong
1990, Energy & Fuels (4) 755-766
Eight Argonne Premium Coal samples and two other coal samples were used to observe the effects of combustion and leaching on 30 elements. The results were used to infer the modes of occurrence of these elements. Instrumental neutron activation analysis indicates that the effects of combustion and leaching on many...
