The PRISM (Pliocene Palaeoclimate) reconstruction: Time for a paradigm shift
Harry J. Dowsett, Marci M. Robinson, Danielle K. Stoll, Kevin M. Foley, Andrew L. A. Johnson, Mark Williams, Christina Riesselman
2013, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences (371) 1-24
Global palaeoclimate reconstructions have been invaluable to our understanding of the causes and effects of climate change, but single-temperature representations of the oceanic mixed layer for data–model comparisons are outdated, and the time for a paradigm shift in marine palaeoclimate reconstruction is overdue. The new paradigm in marine palaeoclimate reconstruction...
Biochar effect on maize yield and soil characteristics in five conservation farming sites in Zambia
Gerard Cornelissen, Vegard Martinsen, Victor Shitumbanuma, Vanja Alling, Gijs D. Breedveld, David W. Rutherford, Magnus Sparrevik, Sarah E. Hale, Alfred Obia, Jan Mulder
2013, Agronomy Journal (3) 256-274
Biochar addition to agricultural soils can improve soil fertility, with the added bonus of climate change mitigation through carbon sequestration. Conservation farming (CF) is precision farming, often combining minimum tillage, crop rotation and residue retention. In the present farmer-led field trials carried out in Zambia, the use of a low...
Sorption of pure N2O to biochars and other organic and inorganic materials under anhydrous conditions
Gerard Cornelissen, David W. Rutherford, Hans Peter H. Arp, Peter Dorsch, Charlene N. Kelly, Colleen E. Rostad
2013, Environmental Science & Technology (47) 7704-7712
Suppression of nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from soil is commonly observed after amendment with biochar. The mechanisms accounting for this suppression are not yet understood. One possible contributing mechanism is N2O sorption to biochar. The sorption of N2O and carbon dioxide (CO2) to four biochars was measured in an anhydrous...
Effects of acidic deposition and soil acidification on sugar maple trees in the Adirondack Mountains, New York
Timothy J. Sullivan, Gregory B. Lawrence, Scott W. Bailey, Todd C. McDonnell, G.T. McPherson
2013, Report
This study documents the effects of acidic deposition and soil acid-base chemistry on the growth, regeneration, and canopy condition of sugar maple (SM) trees in the Adirondack Mountains of New York. Sugar maple is the dominant canopy species throughout much of the northern hardwood forest in the State. A field...
Sediment transport due to extreme events: The Hudson River estuary after tropical storms Irene and Lee
David K. Ralston, John C. Warner, W. Rockwell Geyer, Gary R. Wall
2013, Geophysical Research Letters (40) 5451-5455
Tropical Storms Irene and Lee in 2011 produced intense precipitation and flooding in the U.S. Northeast, including the Hudson River watershed. Sediment input to the Hudson River was approximately 2.7 megaton, about 5 times the long-term annual average. Rather than the common assumption that sediment is predominantly trapped in the...
Gas hydrate formation rates from dissolved-phase methane in porous laboratory specimens
William F. Waite, E.K. Spangenberg
2013, Geophysical Research Letters (40) 4310-4315
Marine sands highly saturated with gas hydrates are potential energy resources, likely forming from methane dissolved in pore water. Laboratory fabrication of gas hydrate-bearing sands formed from dissolved-phase methane usually requires 1–2 months to attain the high hydrate saturations characteristic of naturally occurring energy resource targets. A series of gas hydrate...
The effects of pulse pressure from seismic water gun technology on Northern Pike
Jackson A. Gross, Kathryn M. Irvine, Siri K. Wilmoth, Tristany L. Wagner, Patrick A Shields, Jeffrey R. Fox
2013, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society (142) 1335-1346
We examined the efficacy of sound pressure pulses generated from a water gun for controlling invasive Northern Pike Esox lucius. Pulse pressures from two sizes of water guns were evaluated for their effects on individual fish placed at a predetermined random distance. Fish mortality from a 5,620.8-cm3 water gun (peak pressure source...
Deer density and disease prevalence influence transmission of Chronic Wasting Disease in White-tailed Deer
Michael D. Samuel, Bryan J. Richards, Daniel J. Storm, Robert E. Rolley, Paul Shelton, Nicholas S. Keuler, Timothy R. Van Deelen
2013, Ecosphere (4) 1-14
Host-parasite dynamics and strategies for managing infectious diseases of wildlife depend on the functional relationship between disease transmission rates and host density. However, the disease transmission function is rarely known for free-living wildlife, leading to uncertainty regarding the impacts of diseases on host populations and effective control actions. We evaluated...
Evaluation of habitat quality for selected wildlife species associated with back channels.
James T. Anderson, Andrew K. Zadnik, Petra Bohall Wood, Kerry Bledsoe
2013, Open Journal Of Ecology (3) 301-310
The islands and associated back channels on the Ohio River, USA, are believed to provide critical habitat features for several wildlife species. However, few studies have quantitatively evaluated habitat quality in these areas. Our main objective was to evaluate the habitat quality of back and main channel areas for several...
Tree-ring records of variation in flow and channel geometry
M.F. Merigliano, J.M. Friedman, M. L. Scott
2013, Book chapter, Reference module in earth systems and environmental sciences; Treatise on geomorphology, Volume 12
We review the use of tree rings to date flood disturbance, channel change, and sediment deposition, with an emphasis on rivers in semi-arid landscapes in the western United States. As watershed area decreases and aridity increases, large floods have a more pronounced and sustained effect on channel width and location,...
Lakes without Landsat? Implications of scale and an alternative approach to regional remote lake monitoring using MODIS 250 m imagery
Ian M. McCullough, Cynthia S. Loftin, Steven A. Sader
2013, Lake and Reservoir Management (29) 89-98
We evaluated use of MODIS 250 m imagery for remote lake monitoring in Maine. Despite limited spectral resolution (visible red and near infrared bands), the twice daily image capture has a potential advantage over conventionally used, often cloudy Landsat imagery (16 day interval) when short time windows are of interest. We analyzed...
Distribution, habitat, and species description of the Diamond Darter, Crystallaria cincotta
Stuart A. Welsh
2013, Report, The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
Distribution, habitat, and species description of the Diamond Darter, Crystallaria cincotta. ...
Food availability and foraging near human developments by black bears
Jerod Merkle, Hugh S. Robinson, Paul R. Krausman, Paul B. Alaback
2013, Journal of Mammalogy (94) 378-385
Understanding the relationship between foraging ecology and the presence of human-dominated landscapes is important, particularly for American black bears (Ursus americanus), which sometimes move between wildlands and urban areas to forage. The food-related factors influencing this movement have not been explored, but can be important for understanding the benefits and...
Vegetation of natural and artificial shorelines in Upper Klamath Basin’s fringe wetlands
Andrew M. Ray, Kathryn M. Irvine, Andy S. Hamilton
2013, Wetland Science & Practice (30) 10-21
The Upper Klamath Basin (UKB) in northern California and southern Oregon supports large hypereutrophic lakes surrounded by natural and artificial shorelines. Lake shorelines contain fringe wetlands that provide key ecological services to the people of this region. These wetlands also provide a context for drawing inferences about how differing wetland...
An ecological perspective on the changing face of Brucella abortus in the western United States
Paul C. Cross, Eric J. Maichak, Angela Brennan, Brandon Scurlock, John C. Henningsen, Gordon Luikart
2013, OIE Revue Scientifique et Technique (32) 79-87
After a hiatus during the 1990s, outbreaks of Brucella abortus in cattle are occurring more frequently in some of the western states of the United States, namely, Montana, Wyoming and Idaho. This increase is coincident with increasing brucellosis seroprevalence in elk (Cervus elaphus), which is correlated with elk density. Vaccines...
Spring migratory pathways and migration chronology of Canada geese (Branta canadensis interior) wintering at the Santee National Wildlife Refuge, South Carolina
Molly M. Giles, Patrick G.R. Jodice, Robert F. Baldwin, John D. Stanton, Marc Epstein
2013, Canadian Field-Naturalist (127) 17-25
We assessed the migratory pathways, migration chronology, and breeding ground affiliation of Canada Geese (Branta canadensis interior) that winter in and adjacent to the Santee National Wildlife Refuge in Summerton, South Carolina, United States. Satellite transmitters were fitted to eight Canada Geese at Santee National Wildlife Refuge during the winter...
Demography and population status of polar bears in western Hudson Bay
Nicholas J. Lunn, Eric V Regher, Sabrina Servanty, Sarah J. Converse, Evan S. Richardson, Ian Stirling
2013, Report, Research Report
We evaluated the demography and population status of the Western Hudson Bay (WH) polar bear subpopulation for the period 1984-2011, using live-recapture data from research studies and management actions, and dead-recovery data from polar bears harvested for subsistence purposes or removed during human-bear conflicts. We used a Bayesian implementation of multistate...
Telemetry-based mortality estimates of juvenile spot in two North Carolina estuarine creeks
Sarah E. Friedl, Jeffery A. Buckel, Joseph E. Hightower, Frederick S. Scharf, Kenneth H. Pollock
2013, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society (142) 399-415
We estimated natural mortality rates (M) of age-1 Spot Leiostomus xanthurus by using a sonic telemetry approach. Sonic transmitters were surgically implanted into a total of 123 age-1 Spot in two North Carolina estuarine creeks during spring 2009 and 2010, and the fish were monitored by using a stationary acoustic...
Galveston Bay: Chapter D in Emergent wetlands status and trends in the northern Gulf of Mexico: 1950-2010
Lawrence R. Handley, Kathryn A. Spear, Eleonor Taylor, Cindy A. Thatcher
2013, Report, Emergent wetlands status and trends in the northern Gulf of Mexico: 1950-2010
The Galveston Bay estuary is located on the upper Texas Gulf coast (Lester and Gonzalez, 2002). It is composed of four major sub-bays - Galveston, Trinity, East, and West Bays. It is Texas’ largest estuary on the Gulf Coast with a total area of 155,399 hectares (384,000 acres) and 1,885...
Urbanization and infectious diseases: general principles, historical perspectives, and contemporary challenges
Raquel Reyes, Roy Ahn, Katherine Thurber, Thomas F. Burke
2013, Book chapter, Challenges in Infectious Diseases
Valley plugs, land use, and phytogeomorphic response: Chapter 14
Aaron R. Pierce, Sammy L. King
John F. Shroder, editor(s)
2013, Book chapter, Treatise on Geomorphology: Ecogeomorphology
Anthropogenic alteration of fluvial systems can disrupt functional processes that provide valuable ecosystem services. Channelization alters fluvial parameters and the connectivity of river channels to their floodplains which is critical for productivity, nutrient cycling, flood control, and biodiversity. The effects of channelization can be exacerbated by local geology and land-use...
Diablotin Pterodroma hasitata: a biography of the endangered Black-capped Petrel
Theodore R. Simons, David S. Lee, J. Christopher Haney
2013, Marine Ornithology: Journal of Seabird Research and Conservation (41) 1-43
The Black-capped Petrel Pterodroma hasitata was believed extinct throughout much of the 20th century. It is the only gadfly petrel currently known to breed in the Caribbean Basin. Now seriously endangered, the species is presumed extirpated from Martinique, Dominica, and Guadeloupe, and breeding populations currently occur only on Hispaniola and perhaps Cuba....
Tampa Bay
Larry Handley, Kathryn Spear, Lindsay Cross, René Baumstark, Ryan Moyer, Cindy A. Thatcher
2013, Book chapter, Emergent wetlands status and trends in the northern Gulf of Mexico 1950-2010
No abstract available....
Impacts of land-use change to ecosystem services
Tom Stohlgren, Tracy R. Holcombe
2013, Book chapter, Climate vulnerability: understanding and addressing threats to essential resources
Increasing human populations on the landscape and globe coincide with increasing demands for food, energy, and other natural resources, with generally negative impacts to wildlife habitat, air and water quality, and natural scenery. Here we define and describe the impacts of land-use change on ecosystem services – the services that...
Blending local scale information for developing agricultural resilience in Ethiopia
Christopher C. Funk, Gregory Husak, A.S Mahiny, Gary Eilerts, James Rowland
2013, Book chapter, Understanding and addressing threats to essential resources
This brief article looks at the intersection of climate, land cover/land use, and population trends in the world's most food insecure country, Ethiopia. As a result of warming in the Indian and Western Pacific oceans, Ethiopia has experienced substantial drying over the past 20 years. We intersect the spatial pattern...
