Landslides caused by earthquakes
D. K. Keefer
1984, Geological Society of America Bulletin (95) 406-421
Data from 40 historical world-wide earthquakes were studied to determine the characteristics, geologic environments, and hazards of landslides caused by seismic events. This sample of 40 events was supplemented with intensity data from several hundred United States earthquakes to study relations between landslide...
TECHNIQUE FOR ENHANCING DIGITAL COLOR IMAGES BY CONTRAST STRETCHING IN MUNSELL COLOR SPACE.
Fred A. Kruse, Gary L. Raines
1984, Conference Paper
The Munsell color system can be used to further enhance the appearance of high-quality digital color-composite images. A color-balanced 'standard' color-composite image is first produced using any desired contrast stretching algorithm. The stretched digital data are then transformed into the cylindrical Munsell color space. An enhanced version of a color-composite...
VERTICAL MOVEMENT OF GROUND WATER UNDER A LANDFILL, ANCHORAGE, ALASKA.
Gordon L. Nelson
1984, Conference Paper
A thorough review of existing ground-water information may, in some cases, be adequate to estimate rates of migration of pollutants. Analysis of data from well-performance tests and from hydrologic-data stations near a landfill in Anchorage, Alaska, indicates that pollutants migrating downward toward a confined aquifer that supplies water to three...
A Nd, Sr and O isotopic investigation into the causes of chemical and isotopic zonation in the Bishop Tuff, California
A. N. Halliday, A.E. Fallick, J. Hutchinson, W. Hildreth
1984, Earth and Planetary Science Letters (68) 379-391
The Bishop Tuff represents a single eruption of chemically zoned rhyolitic magma. Six whole rock samples spanning the compositional and temperature range yield initial87Sr/86Sr of 0.7060–0.7092 andδ18O of 5.9–10.3‰. Six constituent sanidines yield smaller ranges of initial87Sr/86Sr of 0.7061–0.7069 andδ18O of 6.7–7.9. In contrast143Nd/144Nd ratios for...
LASER MICROPROBE **4**0Ar/**3**9Ar DATING OF MINERAL GRAINS IN SITU.
J. F. Sutter, Jack B. Hartung
1984, Scanning Electron Microscopy 1525-1529
A laser-microprobe attached to a mass spectrometer for **4**0Ar/**3**9Ar age determination of single mineral grains in geological materials has been made operational at the US Geological Survey, Reston, VA. This microanalytical technique involves focusing a pulsed laser beam onto a sample contained in an ultra-high vacuum chamber attached to a...
RAINFALL-RUNOFF MECHANICS FOR DEVELOPED URBAN BASINS, SOUTH FLORIDA.
Robert A. Miller
1984, Conference Paper, University of Kentucky, Office of Engineering Services, (Bulletin) UKY BU
Rainfall-runoff data, collected by the US Geological Survey as part of an urban hydrology study in south Florida, were analyzed to find relations between depths of rainfall and basin runoff. Data were collected for about 300 runoff events on four different urban land-use basins - commercial, highway, single-family residential, and...
ANALYSIS AND REDUCTION OF LANDSAT DATA FOR USE IN A HIGH PLAINS GROUND-WATER FLOW MODEL.
Gail Thelin, Leonard Gaydas, Walter Donovan, Carol Mladinich
1984, Conference Paper
Data obtained from 59 Landsat scenes were used to estimate the areal extent of irrigated agriculture over the High Plains region of the United States for a ground-water flow model. This model provides information on current trends in the amount and distribution of water used for irrigation. The analysis and...
TOPOLOGICAL STRUCTURING OF RASTER-SCANNED LINE MAP DATA.
Robin G. Fegeas, Richard A. Pearsall
1984, Conference Paper, Technical Papers of the American Congress of Surveying and Mapping
The U. S. Geological Survey has a requirement for the collection of large amounts of digital map data from existing graphic map separates. Prototype production techniques have been developed to capture line data from the map separates using a raster-scanning input device. After minimal editing in raster form, the data...
Gas chromatographic analysis of volatiles in fluid and gas inclusions
F. Andrawes, G. Holzer, E. Roedder, E.K. Gibson Jr., John Oro
1984, Journal of Chromatography A (302) 181-193
Most geological samples and some synthetic materials contain fluid inclusions. These inclusions preserve for us tiny samples of the liquid and/or the gas phase that was present during formation, although in some cases they may have undergone significant changes from the original material. Studies of the current composition of the...
Technical problems in the construction of a map to zone the earthquake ground-shaking hazard in the United States
W. W. Hays
1984, Engineering Geology (20) 13-23
Zoning of the earthquake ground-shaking hazard — the division of a region into geographic areas having a similar relative severity or response to ground shaking — has been a goal in the United States for about fifty years. During this period,...
DISCRIMINATION OF GRANITOIDS AND MINERALIZED GRANITOIDS IN THE MIDYAN REGION, NORTHWESTERN ARABIAN SHIELD, SAUDI ARABIA, BY LANDSAT MSS DATA-ANALYSIS.
Philip A. Davis, Maurice J. Grolier
1984, Conference Paper
Landsat multispectral scanner (MSS) band and band-ratio databases of two scenes covering the Midyan region of northwestern Saudi Arabia were examined quantitatively and qualitatively to determine which databases best discriminate the geologic units of this semi-arid and arid region. Unsupervised, linear-discriminant cluster-analysis was performed on these two band-ratio combinations and...
Mineralogy and chemistry of massive sulfide deposits from the Juan de Fuca Ridge
R.A. Koski, D.A. Clague, E. Oudin
1984, Geological Society of America Bulletin (95) 930-945
Six hydrothermal vent sites and associated benthic communities were located in the axial valley of the southern Juan de Fuca Ridge using transponder-navigated bottom photography. The hydrothermal deposits form ledges and shallow mounds within a central zone characterized by a linear bathymetric depression...
Field and laboratory analyses of water from the Columbia aquifer in Eastern Maryland
L. J. Bachman
1984, Groundwater (22) 460-469
Field and laboratory analyses of pH, alkalinity, and specific conductance from water samples collected from the Columbia aquifer on the Delmarva Peninsula in eastern Maryland were compared to determine if laboratory analyses could be used for making regional water-quality interpretations.On the basis of 170 field...
Double-porosity models for a fissured groundwater reservoir with fracture skin
Allen F. Moench
1984, Water Resources Research (20) 831-846
Theories of flow to a well in a double-porosity groundwater reservoir are modified to incorporate effects of a thin layer of low-permeability material or fracture skin that may be present at fracture-block interfaces as a result of mineral deposition or alteration. The commonly used theory for flow in double- porosity...
Reaction rate kinetics for in situ combustion retorting of Michigan Antrim oil shale
M. Rostam-Abadi, R.W. Mickelson
1984, Conference Paper, Preprints
The intrinsic reaction rate kinetics for the pyrolysis of Michigan Antrim oil shale and the oxidation of the carbonaceous residue of this shale have been determined using a thermogravimetric analysis method. The kinetics of the pyrolysis reaction were evaluated from both isothermal and nonisothermal rate data. The reaction was found...
Offset of Tertiary arcs on the Alaska Peninsula: A section in Geological Survey research, fiscal year 1981
U.S. Geological Survey
1984, Professional Paper 1375
Geologic mapping and potassium-argon dating by R. L. Detterman, F. H. Wilson, J. E. Case, and Nora Shew in the Ugashik and western part of the Karluk quadrangles have shown that the Eocene and Oligocene volcanic arc continues into these quadrangles from the south in the Chignik and Sutwik Island...
Alternative diagenetic models for cretaceous talus deposits, Deep Sea Drilling Project Site 536, Gulf of Mexico
Robert B. Halley, B. J. Pierson, Wolfgang Schlager
1984, Book chapter, Initial reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project
Talus deposits recovered from Site 536 show evidence of aragonite dissolution, secondary porosity development, and calcite cementation. Although freshwater diagenesis could account for the petrographic features of the altered talus deposits, it does not uniquely account for isotopic or trace-element characteristics. Also, the hydrologic setting required for freshwater alteration is not easily...
10Be accumulation in a soil chronosequence
M.J. Pavich, L. Brown, J. Klein, R. Middleton
1984, Earth and Planetary Science Letters (68) 198-204
We have measured the concentration of the cosmogenic isotope10Be in soil samples from various horizons at six sites, including three independently dated Rappahannock River terraces and a previously undated Piedmont soil to which we have assigned an age. All of the...
Carbon and its isotopes in mid-oceanic basaltic glasses
D.J. Des Marais, J.G. Moore
1984, Earth and Planetary Science Letters (69) 43-57
Three carbon components are evident in eleven analyzed mid-oceanic basalts: carbon on sample surfaces (resembling adsorbed gases, organic matter, or other non-magmatic carbon species acquired by the glasses subsequent to their eruption), mantle carbon dioxide in vesicles, and mantle carbon dissolved...
GIRAS TO MOSS INTERFACE.
Thomas P. DiNardo, R. Alan Jackson
1984, Conference Paper
An analysis of land use change for an area in Boulder County, Colorado, was conducted using digital cartographic data. The authors selected data in the Geographic Information Retrieval and Analysis System (GIRAS) format which is digitized from the 1:250,000-scale land use and land cover map series. The Map Overlay and...
Synchrotron radiation determination of elemental concentrations in coal
J.R. Chen, N. Martys, E. C. T. Chao, J.A. Minkin, C.L. Thompson, A.L. Hanson, H.W. Kraner, K.W. Jones, B.M. Gordon, R.E. Mills
1984, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms (3) 241-245
The variations with depth of the elemental concentrations in vitrinites in a series of vitrites have been determined using radiation from the Cornell high energy synchrotron source. All of the vitrites were selected from a single drill core sample of coal from the Emery coalfield, Utah. The results are compared...
Effects of weather on breeding ducks in North Dakota
M.C. Hammond, Douglas H. Johnson
1984, Fish and Wildlife Technical Report 1
The present report quantifies relations between weather and several aspects of the breeding biology of four duck species: mallard (Anas platyrhynchos), gadwall (A. strepera), blue-winged teal (A. discors), and redhead (Aythya americana). Data were obtained from two locations in North Dakota,--the J. Clark Salyer National Wildlife Refuge, intermittently during 1936-68,...
The quality of ground water in the principal aquifers of northeastern-north central Washington
J.C. Ebbert
1984, Water-Resources Investigations Report 83-4102
In 1979 the quality of ground water in major aquifers in northeastern-north central Washington State was assessed in terms of inorganic-chemical, trace-metal, and fecal-coliform concentrations. For the Spokane Valley aquifer some organic-chemical data were also included. Results of this assessment indicate that the ground water in the region is generally...
Heat capacities and entropies of rhodochrosite (MnCO3) and siderite (FeCO3) between 5 and 600 K.
R. A. Robie, H.T. Haselton Jr., B. S. Hemingway
1984, American Mineralogist (69) 349-357
The heat capacities of rhodochrosite, (Mn0.994Fe0.005Mg0.001)CO3, and siderite, 171(Fe0.956Mn0.042Mg0.002)CO3, were measured between 5 and 550 K by combined cryogenic-adiabatic and differential scanning calorimetry. These new data were used to reanalyse the thermodynamic properties of these phases.-J.A.Z....
MICROCHARACTERIZATION OF ARSENIC- AND SELENIUM-BEARING PYRITE IN UPPER FREEPORT COAL, INDIANA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA.
J.A. Minkin, R. B. Finkelman, C.L. Thompson, E. C. T. Chao, L.F. Ruppert, H. Blank, C. B. Cecil
1984, Scanning Electron Microscopy 1515-1529
Optical and scanning electron microscope as well as electron and proton microprobe techniques have been used in a detailed investigation of the modes of occurrence of arsenic and selenium in pyrite in Upper Freeport coal from the Homer City area, Indiana County, Pennsylvania. Polished blocks were prepared from columnar samples...
