Interpretation of surface flux measurements in heterogeneous terrain during the Monsoon '90 experiment
D.I. Stannard, J.H. Blanford, William P. Kustas, W. D. Nichols, S.A. Amer, T.J. Schmugge, M.A. Weltz
1994, Water Environment Research (30) 1227-1239
A network of 9-m-tall surface flux measurement stations were deployed at eight sparsely vegetated sites during the Monsoon '90 experiment to measure net radiation, Q, soil heat flux, G, sensible heat flux, H (using eddy correlation), and latent heat flux, λE (using the energy balance equation). At four of these...
Effects of weather and tides on feeding and flock positions of wintering redheads in the Chandeleur Sound, Louisiana
Thomas C. Michot, E. Barry Moser, Wayne Norling
1994, Hydrobiologia (279/280) 263-278
We studied the effects of weather and tides on percent feeding and flock positions of wintering redheads (Aythya americana Eyton) in the Chandeleur Sound, Louisiana, USA. Flock scans (n = 750) were made on 55 flocks from November through March of 1988–1989. The percent of the flock that...
Potential effects of development on flow characteristics of two streams in the Raritan River Basin, New Jersey
Thomas H. Barringer, Robert G. Reiser, Curtis V. Price
1994, Water Resources Bulletin (30) 283-295
Parts of the Raritan River basin in central New Jersey have undergone increasing development over the last several decades. The increasing population relies on the region's ground water and surface water sources for its residential, commercial, and industrial water supply. Urbanization, regionalized wastewater‐treatment facilities, stream channel alterations, and interbasin transfers...
Sediment balance and flushing flow analysis: Trinity River case study
Robert T. Milhous
1994, Book, Proceedings of the American Geophysical Union Fourteenth Annual Hydrology Days
The use of sediment yield as one aspect of a flushing flow analysis is explored in a case study of the Trinity River in northwestern California. Understanding sediment balance can help in the development of a flushing flow need, but hydraulic analysis must also be done. The most important flushing...
Trends in stomatal density and 13C/12C ratios of Pinus flexilis needles during last glacial-interglacial cycle
Peter K. Van De Water, Steven W. Leavitt, J.L. Betancourt
1994, Science (264) 239-242
Measurements of stomatal density and δ13C of limber pine (Pinus flexilis) needles (leaves) preserved in pack rat middens from the Great Basin reveal shifts in plant physiology and leaf morphology during the last 30,000 years. Sites were selected so as to offset glacial to Holocene climatic differences and thus to...
Pesticides detected in surface waters and fish of the Red River of the North drainage basin
Mark E. Brigham
1994, Conference Paper, North Dakota Water Quality Symposium Proceedings
The Red River of the North drainage basin (herein referred to as Red River Basin) within the United States is a study unit under the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) program. The overall goals of this program, initiated to better define the status and trends of the...
Nitrogen concentrations near the water table of the Sheyenne Delta aquifer beneath cropland areas, Ransom and Richland Counties, North Dakota
T.K. Cowdery, K. Goff
1994, Conference Paper, North Dakota Water-Quality Symposium, 4th biennial, Fargo, North Dakota, March 30-31, 1994, Proceedings
No abstract available....
Relations between habitat variability and population dynamics of bass in the Huron River, Michigan
Ken D. Bovee, Tammy J. Newcomb, Thomas G. Coon
1994, Report
One of the assumption of the Instream Flow Incremental Methodology (IFIM) is that the dynamics of fish populations are directly or indirectly related to habitat availability. Because this assumption has not been successfully tested in coolwater streams, questions arise regarding the validity of the methodology in such streams....
Identification of tire leachate toxicants and a risk assessment of water quality effects using tire reefs in canals
S. M. Nelson, G. Mueller, D. C. Hemphill
1994, Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology (52) 574-581
Cover is an important component of aquatic habitat and fisheries management. Fisheries biologists often try to improve habitats through the addition of natural and artificial material to improve cover diversity and complexity. Habitat-improvement programs range from submerging used Christmas trees to more complex programs using sophisticated artificial habitat...
Estimates of soil ingestion by wildlife
W. Nelson Beyer, Erin E. Connor, Sarah Gerould
1994, Journal of Wildlife Management (58) 375-382
Many wildlife species ingest soil while feeding, but ingestion rates are known for only a few species. Knowing ingestion rates may be important for studies of environmental contaminants. Wildlife may ingest soil deliberately, or incidentally, when they ingest soil-laden forage or animals that contain soil. We fed white-footed mice (Peromyscus...
Transport of chromium and selenium in the suboxic zone of a shallow aquifer: Influence of redox and adsorption reactions
D.B. Kent, J.A. Davis, L.C.D. Anderson, B.A. Rea, T.D. Waite
1994, Water Resources Research (30) 1099-1114
Breakthrough of Cr(VI) (chromate), Se(VI) (selenate), and O2 (dissolved oxygen) was observed in tracer tests conducted in a shallow, sand and gravel aquifer with mildly reducing conditions. Loss of Cr, probably due to reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) and irreversible sorption of Cr(III), occurred along with slight retardation of Cr(VI), owing...
The contribution of evaporation from the Great Lakes to the continental atmosphere: estimate based on stable isotope data
Joel R. Gat, Carl J. Bowser, Carol Kendall
1994, Geophysical Research Letters (21) 557-560
The isotopic composition of precipitation and river runoff in the vicinity of the North American Great Lakes is characterized by a higher deuterium-excess value than observed in the advecting air masses. It is suggested that this indicates that evaporated moisture from the surface waters is mixed with the atmosphere waters....
Effect of atrazine on potential denitrification in aquifer sediments
P. M. Bradley, F. H. Chapelle, M.L. Jagucki, P.B. McMahon
1994, Soil Biology and Biochemistry (26) 523-524
Agriculturaf use of fertilizers and herbicides has often resulted in nitrate and atrazine contamination of the shallow aquifers that underlay cultivated fields. In several cases, the concentrations of atrazine and nitrate dissolved in ground water are positively correlated (Spalding ef al., 1979; Chen and Druliner, 1987; Spalding et al., 1989)....
Effect of dietary vitamin E and selenium on growth, survival and the prevalence of Renibacterium salmoninarum infection in chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)
Ragnar Thorarinsson, Marsha L. Landolt, Diane G. Elliott, Ronald J. Pascho, Ronald W. Hardy
1994, Aquaculture (121) 343-358
Groups of juvenile spring chinook salmon naturally infected with Renibacterium salmoninarum, the causative agent of bacterial kidney disease, were fed diets containing different levels of vitamin E and selenium for 214 days in fresh water and 110 days in seawater. The fish were fed vitamin E at concentrations of either...
Migrating shorebirds and habitat dynamics at a prairie wetland complex
Susan K. Skagen, Fritz L. Knopf
1994, The Wilson Bulletin (106) 91-105
We examined the responses of migrating shorebirds to habitat dynamics in a wetland complex on the Great Plains during 1989-1992. Availability of habitat was variable within and between seasons, but fluctuations in habitat were dampened when wetlands were considered as a complex rather than individually. Shorebirds exhibited an...
Are cicadas (Diceroprocta apache) both a "keystone" and a "critical-link" species in lower Colorado River riparian communities?
Douglas C. Andersen
1994, Southwestern Naturalist (39) 26-33
Apache cicada (Homoptera: Cicadidae: Diceroprocta apache Davis) densities were estimated to be 10 individuals/m2 within a closed-canopy stand of Fremont cottonwood (Populus fremontii) and Goodding willow (Salix gooddingii) in a revegetated site adjacent to the Colorado River near Parker, Arizona. Coupled with data drawn from the literature, I estimate that...
Modeling of soil water retention from saturation to oven dryness
Cinzia Rossi, John R. Nimmo
1994, Water Resources Research (30) 701-708
Most analytical formulas used to model moisture retention in unsaturated porous media have been developed for the wet range and are unsuitable for applications in which low water contents are important. We have developed two models that fit the entire range from saturation to oven dryness in a practical and...
Comparison of drilling reports and detailed geophysical analysis of ground-water production in bedrock wells
Frederick Paillet, Russell Duncanson
1994, Groundwater (32) 200-206
The most extensive data base for fractured bedrock aquifers consists of drilling reports maintained by various state agencies. We investigated the accuracy and reliability of such reports by comparing a representative set of reports for nine wells drilled by conventional air percussion methods in granite with a suite of geophysical...
National wetlands research center uses visual true color classification in waterfowl habitat mapping
Elijah Ramsey III, Steve Hartley
1994, Earth Observation Magazine 28-30
No abstract available....
Movements of water, solutes, and stable isotopes in the unsaturated zones of two sand plains in the upper Midwest
Stephen C. Komor, Douglas G. Emerson
1994, Water Resources Research (30) 253-267
Four month-long field experiments investigated movements of water and solutes through unsaturated sand plains near Princeton, Minnesota, and Oakes, North Dakota. Atrazine and bromide were applied to bare soils and soils planted with corn. The field plots were irrigated according to local farming practices. At the end of each experiment,...
Topography of Valles Marineris: Implications for erosional and structural history
Baerbel K. Lucchitta, N.K. Isbell, Elpitha Howington-Kraus
1994, Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets (99) 3783-3798
Compilation of a simplified geologic/geomorphic map onto digital terrain models of the Valles Marineris permitted an evaluation of elevations in the vicinity of the troughs and the calculation of depth of troughs below surrounding plateaus, thickness of deposits inside the troughs, volumes of void spaces above geologic/geomorphic units, and volumes...
Hubble Space Telescope observations of comet P/Shoemaker-Levy 9 (1993e)
H. A. Weaver, P. D. Feldman, M. F. A’Hearn, C. Arpigny, R.A. Brown, E. F. Helin, D. H. Levy, B. G. Marsden, K. J. Meech, S. M. Larson, K. S. Noll, J. V. Scotti, Z. Sekanina, C.S. Shoemaker, E.M. Shoemaker, T. E. Smith, A. D. Storrs, D. K. Yeomans, B. Zellner
1994, Science (263) 787-791
The Hubble Space Telescope observed the fragmented comet P/Shoemaker-Levy 9 (1993e) (P indicates that it is a periodic comet) on 1 July 1993. Approximately 20 individual nuclei and their comae were observed in images taken with the Planetary Camera. After subtraction of the comae light, the 11 brightest nuclei have...
Evaluation of measurement scale using imbibition experiments in volcanic tuffs
Alan L. Flint, Lorraine E. Flint, Kenneth A. Richards
1994, Soil Science Society of America Journal (58) 94-102
A major issue in the site characterization at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, a potential site for a high-level nuclear waste repository, is the relevance of laboratory-scale measurements on cores to field-scale processes, particularly water flow. Calculation of Philip`s sorptivity parameter using imbibition of water into rock was selected as a simple...
Geochemical evidence for enhanced preservation of organic matter in the oxygen minimum zone of the continental margin of northern California during the Late Pleistocene
Walter E. Dean, James V. Gardner, Roger Y. Anderson
1994, Paleoceanography (9) 47-61
The present upper water mass of the northeastern Pacific Ocean off California has a well-developed oxygen minimum zone between 600 and 1200 m wherein concentrations of dissolved oxygen are less than 0.5 mL/L. Even at such low concentrations of dissolved oxygen, benthic burrowing organisms are abundant enough to thoroughly bioturbate...
The use of simulation and multiple environmental tracers to quantify groundwater flow in a shallow aquifer
Thomas E. Reilly, Niel Plummer, Patrick J. Phillips, Eurybiades Busenberg
1994, Water Resources Research (30) 421-433
Measurements of the concentrations of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), tritium, and other environmental tracers can be used to calculate recharge ages of shallow groundwater and estimate rates of groundwater movement. Numerical simulation also provides quantitative estimates of flow rates, flow paths, and mixing properties of the groundwater system. The environmental tracer techniques...
