Particulate matter in pack ice of the Beaufort Gyre
E. Reimnitz, P. W. Barnes, W. S. Weber
1993, Journal of Glaciology (39) 186-198
Ice observations and sediment samples were collected in the Beaufort Gyre in 1988. Fine sediment occurred in very small patches of turbid ice, as thin spotty surface layers, in mud pellets or in old snowdrifts. The latter were widespread south of 74°N, containing an estimated 22 tonnes...
Hydrogeologic investigations at the Nevada Test Site
W.L. Hawkins, D. A. Trudeau, S.L. Drellack
1993, Book chapter, Hydrogeologic investigation, evaluation, and ground water modeling
No abstract available...
Flood elevation limits in the rocky mountains
Robert D. Jarrett
1993, Conference Paper, Proceedings of the Symposium on Engineering Hydrology
An analysis of 77,987 station-years of streamflow-gaging station data from 3,748 stations in the Rocky Mountains indicates that there is a latitude-dependent elevation limit to substantial rainfall-produced flooding. The elevation limit ranges from about 1,650 m in Montana to about 2,350 m in New Mexico. Above this elevation limit, large...
General implicit representation of hydraulic structures in numerical flow models
L. L. DeLong, J.M. Fulford
1993, Conference Paper, Proceedings - National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering
Effects of hydraulic structures (such as culverts, bridge openings, or gates) can be simulated in numerical surface-water-flow models. Generally the scale and dimension of the numerical model is insufficient to model flow through the structure directly. However, if for a particular hydraulic structure a unique relation exists among headwater elevation,...
Short-term water and suspended-sediment fluctuations in a Louisiana marsh
John R. Dingler
1993, Conference Paper, Coastal Zone: Proceedings of the Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management
To determine the timing of and driving forces for sediment suspension and deposition and the effect of impoundment, three self-recording instrument packages were deployed in a section of Louisiana marsh. Two of the packages went into an impoundment and one into an adjacent open, or control, area. A data logger...
Seasonal relationships between planktonic microorganisms and dissolved organic material in an alpine stream
Diane M. McKnight, R. L. Smith, R.A. Harnish, C.L. Miller, K.E. Bencala
1993, Biogeochemistry (21) 39-59
The relationships between the abundance and activity of planktonic, heterotrophic microorganisms and the quantity and characteristics of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in a Rocky Mountain stream were evaluated. Peak values of glucose uptake, 2.1 nmol L−1 hr−1, and glucose concentration, 333 nM, occurred during spring snowmelt when the water temperature...
Effects of small-scale vertical variations in well-screen inflow rates and concentrations of organic compounds on the collection of representative ground-water-quality samples
Jacob Gibs, G. Allan Brown, Kenneth S. Turner, Cecilia L. MacLeod, James Jelinski, Susan A. Koehnlein
1993, Ground Water (31) 201-208
Because a water sample collected from a well is an integration of water from different depths along the well screen, measured concentrations can be biased if analyte concentrations are not uniform along the length of the well screen. The resulting concentration in the sample, therefore, is a function of variations...
Sedimentary environments within a glaciated estuarine-inner shelf system: Boston Harbor and Massachusetts Bay
H.J. Knebel
1993, Marine Geology (110) 7-30
Three modern sedimentary environments have been identified and mapped across the glaciated Boston Harbor estuary and adjacent inner shelf of Massachusetts Bay by means of an extensive set of sidescan sonar records and supplemental bathymetric, sedimentary, subbottom and bottom-current data. 1. (1) Environments of erosion and nondeposition appear on the...
Surface chemistry of ferrihydrite: Part 2. Kinetics of arsenate adsorption and coprecipitation
C. C. Fuller, J.A. Dadis, G.A. Waychunas
1993, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (57) 2271-2282
The kinetics of As(V) adsorption by ferrihydrite was investigated in coprecipitation and postsynthesis adsorption experiments conducted in the pH range 7.5-9.0. In coprecipitation experiments, As(V) was present in solution during the hydrolysis and precipitation of iron. In adsorption experiments, a period of rapid (<5 min) As(V) uptake from solution was...
Strontium isotopic evidence for a higher water table at Yucca Mountain
Brian D. Marshall, Zell E. Peterman, John S. Stuckless
1993, Conference Paper, High Level Radioactive Waste Management
At Yucca Mountain, calcite occurs as open-space fillings and coatings on fractures within much of the host volcanic rocks in both the saturated and unsaturated zones. Strontium isotope analyses of these calcites divide the samples into two groups corresponding to their location in either the saturated or unsaturated zones. The...
Selenium in soil, water, sediment, and biota of the lower Sun River area, West-Central Montana
David A. Nimick, John H. Lambing, Donald U. Palawski
1993, Conference Paper, Management of Irrigation and Drainage Systems : Integrated Perspectives
A U.S. Department of the Interior study started in 1990 examined the source, movement, fate, and possible biological effects of selenium associated with irrigation drainage from the Sun River Irrigation Project in west-central Montana. Concentrations of total selenium in soil samples ranged from 0.1 to 8.5 micrograms per gram; the...
Analysis of the seismic origin of landslides: Examples from the New Madrid seismic zone
R.W. Jibson, D. K. Keefer
1993, Geological Society of America Bulletin (105) 521-536
By analyzing two landslides in the New Madrid seismic zone, we develop an approach for judging if a landslide or group of landslides of unknown origin was more likely to have formed as a result of earthquake shaking or in aseismic conditions. The two landslides analyzed are representative of two...
Determination of C6-C10 aromatic hydrocarbons in water by purge-and-trap capillary gas chromatography
R.P. Eganhouse, T.F. Dorsey, C.S. Phinney, A.M. Westcott
1993, Journal of Chromatography (628) 81-92
A method is described for the determination of the C6-C10 aromatic hydrocarbons in water based on purge-and-trap capillary gas chromatography with flame ionization and mass spectrometric detection. Retention time data and 70 eV mass spectra were obtained for benzene and all 35 C7-C10 aromatic hydrocarbons. With optimized chromatographic conditions and...
Differentiation of debris-flow and flash-flood deposits: implications for paleoflood investigations
Christopher F. Waythomas, Robert D. Jarrett
Shen Hsieh WenSu S.T.Wen Feng, editor(s)
1993, Conference Paper, Proceedings - National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering
Debris flows and flash floods are common geomorphic processes in the Colorado Rocky Mountain Front Range and foothills. Usually, debris flows and flash floods are associated with excess summer rainfall or snowmelt, in areas were unconsolidated surficial deposits are relatively thick and slopes are steep. In the Front Range and...
A comparison of water quality criteria for the Great Lakes based on human and wildlife health
James P. Ludwig, John P. Giesy, Cheryl L. Summer, William Bowerman, Richard J. Aulerich, Steven J. Bursian, Heidi J. Auman, Paul D. Jones, Lisa L. Williams, Donald E. Tillitt, Michael Gilbertson
1993, Journal of Great Lakes Research (19) 789-807
Water quality criteria (WQC) can be derived in several ways. The usual techniques involve hazard and risk assessment procedures. For non-persistent, non-biomagnified compounds and elements, WQC are experimentally derived from their acute and chronic toxicity to aquatic organisms. For those persistent chlorinated hydrocarbons (PCHs) that are bioaccumulated and biomagnified, these...
Effects of agricultural nutrient management on nitrogen fate and transport in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania
D. W. Hall, D. W. Risser
1993, Water Resources Bulletin (29) 55-76
Nitrogen inputs to, and outputs from, a 55-acre site in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, were estimated to determine the pathways and relative magnitude of loads of nitrogen entering and leaving the site, and to compare the loads of nitrogen before and after the implementation of nutrient management. Inputs of nitrogen to...
Aquatic dissipation of triclopyr in Lake Seminole, Georgia
K.B. Woodburn, W. R. Green, H.E. Westerdahl
1993, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry (41) 2172-2177
A field study was conducted to evaluate the environmental dissipation of triclopyr herbicide under aquatic-use conditions. Three 4-h plots in Lake Seminole, Georgia, were selected for use: one control, one aerial plot, and one subsurface plot; both applications were at the maximum aquatic-use rate of 2.5 mg/L. Water, sediment, plants,...
The hydrogeology of Kilauea volcano
S. E. Ingebritsen, M. A. Scholl
1993, Geothermics (22) 255-270
The hydrogeology of Kilauea volcano and adjacent areas has been studied since the turn of this century. However, most studies to date have focused on the relatively shallow, low-salinity parts of the ground-water system, and the deeper hydrothermal system remains poorly understood. The rift zones of adjacent Mauna Loa volcano...
Influence of long term climate change on net infiltration at Yucca Mountain, Nevada
Alan I. Flint, Lorraine E. Flint, Joseph Hevesi
1993, Conference Paper, High Level Radioactive Waste Management
Net infiltration and recharge at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, a potential site for a high level nuclear waste repository, are determined both by the rock properties and past and future changes in climate. A 1-dimensional model was constructed to represent a borehole being drilled through the unsaturated zone. The rock properties...
Spectral Distinctions between the Leading and Trailing Hemispheres of Callisto: New Observations
W. M. Calvin, R. N. Clark
1993, Icarus (104) 69-78
An analysis of recent telescopic observations of Callisto results in new insights regarding spectral variations from the leading to the trailing hemisphere of Callisto. Examination of data in the wavelength range from 2.0 to 2.5 ??m indicates that previous suggestions of spectral differences are most likely the result of experimental...
Trace metals (Cd, Cu, Ni, and Zn) and nutrients in coastal waters adjacent to San Francisco Bay, California
A. VanGeen, Samuel N. Luoma
1993, Estuaries (16) 559-566
Samples collected in December 1990 and July 1991 show that dissolved Cd, Cu, Ni, and Zn distributions in the Gulf of the Farallones are dominated by mixing of two end-members: (1) metal-enriched San Francisco Bay water and (2) offshore California Current water. The range of dissolved metal concentrations observed is...
Dissolved sulfides in the oxic water column of San Francisco Bay, California
J.S. Kuwabara, G.W. Luther
1993, Estuaries (16) 567-573
Trace contaminants enter major estuaries such as San Francisco Bay from a variety of point and nonpoint sources and may then be repartitioned between solid and aqueous phases or altered in chemical speciation. Chemical speciation affects the bioavailability of metals as well as organic ligands to planktonic and benthic organisms,...
Friction in debris flows: inferences from large-scale flume experiments
Richard M. Iverson, Richard G. LaHusen
Shen Hsieh WenSu S.T.Wen Feng, editor(s)
1993, Conference Paper, Proceedings - National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering
A recently constructed flume, 95 m long and 2 m wide, permits systematic experimentation with unsteady, nonuniform flows of poorly sorted geological debris. Preliminary experiments with water-saturated mixtures of sand and gravel show that they flow in a manner consistent with Coulomb frictional behavior. The Coulomb flow model of Savage...
Calibrated models as management tools for stream-aquifer systems: The case of central Kansas, USA
M. Sophocleous, S.P. Perkins
1993, Journal of Hydrology (152) 31-56
We address the problem of declining streamflows in interconnected stream-aquifer systems and explore possible management options to address the problem for two areas of central Kansas: the Arkansas River valley from Kinsley to Great Bend and the lower Rattlesnake Creek-Quivira National Wildlife Refuge area. The approach we followed implements, calibrates,...
Differential equations governing slip-induced pore-pressure fluctuations in a water-saturated granular medium
R.M. Iverson
1993, Mathematical Geology (25) 1027-1048
Macroscopic frictional slip in water-saturated granular media occurs commonly during landsliding, surface faulting, and intense bedload transport. A mathematical model of dynamic pore-pressure fluctuations that accompany and influence such sliding is derived here by both inductive and deductive methods. The inductive derivation shows how the governing differential equations represent the...
