Interpretation of oscillatory water levels in observation wells during aquifer tests in fractured rock
Allen M. Shapiro
1989, Water Resources Research (25) 2129-2137
Oscillatory water levels in observation wells have commonly been recorded at the beginning of aquifer tests in highly transmissive fractured formations. In this paper, oscillatory water levels are predicted by the equations coupling the fluid movement in the observation well and the fluid movement in the surrounding formation. The equivalent-porous...
Local scour at bridge abutments
David C. Froehlich
1989, Conference Paper
Comparison of local scour depths at bridge abutments computed using different equations yields a large variation in predicted values. To consolidate the fragmented results of previous investigations and assemble the most comprehensive data set possible, reported laboratory measurements of local scour at the end of an obstruction protruding from the...
Use of on-site high performance liquid chromatography to evaluate the magnitude and extent of organic contaminants in aquifers
D.F. Goerlitz, B.J. Franks
1989, Ground Water Monitoring Review (9) 122-129
Appraisal of ground water contaminated by organic substances raises problems of difficult sample collection and timely chemical analysis. High-performance liquid chromatography was evaluated for on-site determination of specific organic contaminants in ground water samples and was used at three study sites. Organic solutes were determined directly in water samples, with...
Small-scale digital soil maps for interpreting natural resources
Norman B. Bliss, William U. Reybold
1989, Journal of Soil and Water Conservation (44) 30-34
Water transport in limestone by X-ray CAT scanning
Victor G. Mossoti, Louis M. Castanier
1989, Conference Paper
The transport of water through the interior of Salem limestone test briquettes can be dynamically monitored by computer aided tomography (commonly called CAT scanning in medical diagnostics). Most significantly, unless evaporation from a particular face of the briquette is accelerated by forced air flow (wind simulation), the distribution of water...
A multiple testing approach for hazard evaluation of complex mixtures in the aquatic environment: the use of diesel oil as a model
B. Thomas Johnson
1989, Environmental Pollution (58) 221-235
Traditional single species toxicity tests and multiple component laboratory-scaled microcosm assays were combined to assess the toxicological hazard of diesel oil, a model complex mixture, to a model aquatic environment. The immediate impact of diesel oil dosed on a freshwater community was studied in a model pond microcosm over 14...
Mitigating oil and gas impacts in coastal wetlands
Donald R. Cahoon, Joseph C. Holmes Jr.
1989, Conference Paper, Coastal Zone: Proceedings of the Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management
This abstract refers to technical recommendations for avoiding, minimizing, and restoring (i.e., mitigating) drilling site access impacts related to oil and gas activities in coastal wetlands through regulatory review, drawing mostly from the Louisiana experience. The two standard methods used to access wetland drilling locations are canals and roads, both...
Uranium in Holocene valley-fill sediments, and uranium, radon, and helium in waters, Lake Tahoe-Carson Range area, Nevada and California, U.S.A.
J. K. Otton, R. A. Zielinski, J.M. Been
1989, Environmental Geology and Water Sciences (13) 15-28
Uraniferous Holocene sediments occur in the Carson Range of Nevada and California, U.S.A., between Lake Tahoe and Carson Valley. The hosts for the uranium include peat and interbedded organic-rich sand, silt, and mud that underly valley floors, fens, and marshes along stream valleys between the crest of the range and...
Early concepts of the role of microorganisms in hydrogeology
William Back
1989, Ground Water (27) 618-622
Hydrogeologists and geochemists have made great progress in the past few decades in understanding the water/rock interaction that are major controls on the chemical character of ground water. We also recognize that, for many reactions, we do not understand the specific mechanisms generating these reactions, such as those involved in...
The influence of formation material properties on the response of water levels in wells to Earth tides and atmospheric loading
S. Rojstaczer, D.C. Agnew
1989, Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth (94) 12403-12411
The water level in an open well can change in response to deformation of the surrounding material, either because of applied strains (tidal or tectonic) or surface loading by atmospheric pressure changes. Under conditions of no vertical fluid flow and negligible well bore storage (static-confined conditions), the sensitivities to these...
Louisiana ground-water map no. 2: Potentiometric surface, 1987, of the Gonzales-New Orleans aquifer in southeastern Louisiana
Robert B. Fendick Jr.
1989, Water-Resources Investigations Report 89-4016
No abstract available....
Peak outflow from a breached embankment dam
David C. Froehlich
1989, Conference Paper
A relation for rapidly predicting the peak outflow rate from a breached embankment dam has been presented. The prediction equation is based on reliable data from 19 embankment dam failures and requires as input the volume of water in the reservoir at the time a breach begins to form, and...
Whitings, a sedimentologic dilemma
E.A. Shinn, R.P. Steinen, B. H. Lidz, Peter K. Swart
1989, Journal of Sedimentary Petrology (59) 147-161
Whitings, drifting clouds of water, milky because of suspended carbonate, have been claimed to originate from either the action of bottom-feeding fish or direct precipitation of calcium carbonate. Five cruises during different seasons were made to the Great Bahama Bank to collect data...
Water balance at a low-level radioactive-waste disposal site
R. W. Healy, J. R. Gray, G. M. De Vries, P. C. Mills
1989, Water Resources Bulletin (25) 381-390
The water balance at a low-level radioactive-waste disposal site in northwestern Illinois was studied from July 1982 through June 1984. Continuous data collection allowed estimates to be made for each component of the water-balance equation independent of other components. The average annual precipitation was 948 millimeters. Average annual evapotranspiration was...
Estimating urban flood-frequency characteristics
M.E. Jennings, J.B. Atkins, E. J. Inman
1989, Conference Paper
Methods in use by the U.S. Geological Survey to estimate flood-frequency characteristics for urban watersheds are compared with estimates based on the Soil Conservation Service TR-55 model. Data from four small urban watersheds in Georgia are used in the flood-peak and hydrograph comparisons....
Simulation of calcite dissolution and porosity changes in saltwater mixing zones in coastal aquifers
Ward E. Sanford, Leonard F. Konikow
1989, Water Resources Research (25) 655-667
Thermodynamic models of aqueous solutions have indicated that the mixing of seawater and calcite-saturated fresh groundwater can produce a water that is undersaturated with respect to calcite. Mixing of such waters in coastal carbonate aquifers could lead to significant amounts of limestone dissolution. The potential for such dissolution in coastal...
Effect of site conditions on ground motion and damage
R. Borcherdt, G. Glassmoyer, M. Andrews, E. Cranswick
1989, Earthquake Spectra (5) 23-42
Results of seismologic studies conducted by the U.S. reconnaissance team in conjunction with Soviet colleagues following the tragic earthquakes of December 7, 1988, suggest that site conditions may have been a major factor in contributing to increased damage levels in Leninakan. As the potential severity of these effects in Leninakan...
Extracting spectral contrast in Landsat Thematic Mapper image data using selective principal component analysis
P.S. Chavez Jr., Andy Y. Kwarteng
1989, Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing (55) 339-348
A challenge encountered with Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) data, which includes data from size reflective spectral bands, is displaying as much information as possible in a three-image set for color compositing or digital analysis. Principal component analysis (PCA) applied to the six TM bands simultaneously is often used to address...
Mass conservation: 1-D open channel flow equations
Lewis L. DeLong
1989, Journal of Hydraulic Engineering (115) 263-269
Unsteady flow simulation in natural rivers is often complicated by meandering channels of compound section. Hydraulic properties and the length of the wetted channel may vary significantly as a meandering river inundates its adjacent floodplain. The one-dimensional, unsteady, open-channel flow equations can be extended to simulate floods in channels of...
100 years of sedimentation study by the USGS
G. Douglas Glysson
1989, Conference Paper
On January 15, 1889, the U.S. Geological Survey began collecting sediment data on the Rio Grande at Embudo, New Mexico. During the past 100 years the U.S. Geological Survey's Water Resources Division (WRD) has collected daily sediment data at more than 1,200 sites. Projects have addressed the problems associated with...
Data-collection program for Pamlico River Estuary model calibration and validation
Jerad D. Bales
1989, Conference Paper
An investigation is being conducted to collect and interpret continuous records relating to the flow characteristics of the Pamlico River Estuary, North Carolina, and to calibrate and validate a numerical model of estuarine hydrodynamics. The study reach is 50 kilometers long and ranges in width from 330 meters at the...
Dune migration in a steep, coarse-bedded stream
Randy L. Dinehart
1989, Water Resources Research (25) 911-923
During 1986 and 1987, migrating bed forms composed of coarse sand and fine gravel (d50=1.8 to 9.1 mm) were documented in the North Fork Toutle River at Kid Valley, Washington, at flow velocities ranging from 1.6 to 3.4 m s−1 and depths of 0.8 to 2.2 m. The bed forms (predominantly...
Recharge of the early atmosphere of Mars by impact-induced release of CO2
Michael H. Carr
1989, Icarus (79) 311-327
Channels on the Martian surface suggest that Mars had an early, relatively thick atmosphere. If the atmosphere was thick enough for water to be stable at the surface, CO2 in the atmosphere would have been fixed as carbonates on a relatively short time scale, previously estimated to be 1 bar...
Determination of herbicides and their degradation products in surface waters by gas chromatography/positive chemical ionization/tandem mass spectrometry
C.E. Rostad, W. E. Pereira, T.J. Leiker
1989, Biological Mass Spectrometry (18) 820-827
[No abstract available]...
The structure of subtidal currents within and around Lydonia Canyon: Evidence for enhanced cross-shelf fluctuations over the mouth of the canyon
M. Noble, B. Butman
1989, Journal of Geophysical Research - Oceans (94) 8091-8110
Between October 1980 and April 1981, currents were measured within Lydonia Canyon and on the adjacent shelf and slope. The amplitude of the subtidal currents over the shelf and slope ranged between 10 and 30 cm s−1, but within the canyon, they were typically smaller than 5 cm s−1. The...
