Global patterns of phytoplankton dynamics in coastal ecosystems
H. Paerl, Kedong Yin, J. Cloern, James E. Cloern
2011, Conference Paper, Eos
Scientific Committee on Ocean Research Working Group 137 Meeting; Hangzhou, China, 17-21 October 2010; Phytoplankton biomass and community structure have undergone dramatic changes in coastal ecosystems over the past several decades in response to climate variability and human disturbance. These changes have short- and long-term impacts on global carbon and...
Ammonium in thermal waters of Yellowstone National Park: Processes affecting speciation and isotope fractionation
J.M. Holloway, D. Kirk Nordstrom, J.K. Böhlke, R. Blaine McCleskey, J.W. Ball
2011, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (75) 4611-4636
Dissolved inorganic nitrogen, largely in reduced form (NH4(T)≈NH4(aq)++NH3(aq)o), has been documented in thermal waters throughout Yellowstone National Park, with concentrations ranging from a few micromolar along the Firehole River to millimolar concentrations at Washburn Hot Springs. Indirect evidence from rock nitrogen analyses and previous work on organic compounds associated with...
Climatic controls on the snowmelt hydrology of the northern Rocky Mountains
Gregory T. Pederson, S.T. Gray, T. Ault, W. Marsh, Daniel B. Fagre, A.G. Bunn, C.A. Woodhouse, L.J. Graumlich
2011, Journal of Climate (24) 1666-1687
The northern Rocky Mountains (NRMs) are a critical headwaters region with the majority of water resources originating from mountain snowpack. Observations showing declines in western U.S. snowpack have implications for water resources and biophysical processes in high-mountain environments. This study investigates oceanic and atmospheric controls underlying changes in timing, variability,...
Environmental conditions constrain the distribution and diversity of archaeal merA in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, U.S.A.
Y. Wang, E. Boyd, S. Crane, P. Lu-Irving, David P. Krabbenhoft, S. King, J. Dighton, G. Geesey, T. Barkay
2011, Microbial Ecology (62) 739-752
The distribution and phylogeny of extant protein-encoding genes recovered from geochemically diverse environments can provide insight into the physical and chemical parameters that led to the origin and which constrained the evolution of a functional process. Mercuric reductase (MerA) plays an integral role in mercury (Hg) biogeochemistry by catalyzing the...
Multivariate analyses with end-member mixing to characterize groundwater flow: Wind Cave and associated aquifers
Andrew J. Long, J.F. Valder
2011, Journal of Hydrology (409) 315-327
Principal component analysis (PCA) applied to hydrochemical data has been used with end-member mixing to characterize groundwater flow to a limited extent, but aspects of this approach are unresolved. Previous similar approaches typically have assumed that the extreme-value samples identified by PCA represent end members. The method presented herein is...
A computer program for flow-log analysis of single holes (FLASH)
F. D. Day-Lewis, C. D. Johnson, Frederick L. Paillet, K. J. Halford
2011, Ground Water (49) 926-931
A new computer program, FLASH (Flow-Log Analysis of Single Holes), is presented for the analysis of borehole vertical flow logs. The code is based on an analytical solution for steady-state multilayer radial flow to a borehole. The code includes options for (1) discrete fractures and (2) multilayer aquifers. Given vertical...
Refuge habitats for fishes during seasonal drying in an intermittent stream: Movement, survival and abundance of three minnow species
S.W. Hodges, D.D. Magoulick
2011, Aquatic Sciences (73) 513-522
Drought and summer drying can be important disturbance events in many small streams leading to intermittent or isolated habitats. We examined what habitats act as refuges for fishes during summer drying, hypothesizing that pools would act as refuge habitats. We predicted that during drying fish would show directional movement into...
Biogeochemical processes on tree islands in the greater everglades: Initiating a new paradigm
P.R. Wetzel, Fred H. Sklar, C.A. Coronado, T.G. Troxler, S.L. Krupa, P.L. Sullivan, S. Ewe, R.M. Price, S. Newman, William H. Orem
2011, Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology (41) 670-701
Scientists’ understanding of the role of tree islands in the Everglades has evolved from a plant community of minor biogeochemical importance to a plant community recognized as the driving force for localized phosphorus accumulation within the landscape. Results from this review suggest that tree transpiration, nutrient infiltration from the soil...
In situ rates of sulfate reduction in response to geochemical perturbations
T.A. Kneeshaw, J.T. McGuire, Isabelle M. Cozzarelli, E.W. Smith
2011, Ground Water (49) 903-913
Rates of in situ microbial sulfate reduction in response to geochemical perturbations were determined using Native Organism Geochemical Experimentation Enclosures (NOGEEs), a new in situ technique developed to facilitate evaluation of controls on microbial reaction rates. NOGEEs function by first trapping a native microbial community in situ and then subjecting...
Large shift in source of fine sediment in the upper Mississippi River
P. Belmont, K.B. Gran, S.P. Schottler, P.R. Wilcock, S.S. Day, C. Jennings, J.W. Lauer, E. Viparelli, J.K. Willenbring, D.R. Engstrom, G. Parker
2011, Environmental Science & Technology (45) 8804-8810
Although sediment is a natural constituent of rivers, excess loading to rivers and streams is a leading cause of impairment and biodiversity loss. Remedial actions require identification of the sources and mechanisms of sediment supply. This task is complicated by the scale and complexity of large watersheds as well as...
Storage as a Metric of Catchment Comparison
J. P. McNamara, D. Tetzlaff, K. Bishop, C. Soulsby, M. Seyfried, N.E. Peters, Brent T. Aulenbach, R. Hooper
2011, Hydrological Processes (25) 3364-3371
The volume of water stored within a catchment, and its partitioning among groundwater, soil moisture, snowpack, vegetation, and surface water are the variables that ultimately characterize the state of the hydrologic system. Accordingly, storage may provide useful metrics for catchment comparison. Unfortunately, measuring and predicting the amount of water present...
Hydrological mobilization of mercury and dissolved organic carbon in a snow-dominated, forested watershed: Conceptualization and modeling
J. Schelker, Douglas A. Burns, M. Weiler, H. Laudon
2011, Journal of Geophysical Research G: Biogeosciences (116)
The mobilization of mercury and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) during snowmelt often accounts for a major fraction of the annual loads. We studied the role of hydrological connectivity of riparian wetlands and upland/wetland transition zones to surface waters on the mobilization of Hg and DOC in Fishing Brook, a headwater...
Landscape evolution in south-central Minnesota and the role of geomorphic history on modern erosional processes
K.B. Gran, P. Belmont, S.S. Day, N. Finnegan, C. Jennings, J.W. Lauer, P.R. Wilcock
2011, Conference Paper, GSA Today
The Minnesota River Valley was carved during catastrophic drainage of glacial Lake Agassiz at the end of the late Pleistocene. The ensuing base-level drop on tributaries created knickpoints that excavated deep valleys as they migrated upstream. A sediment budget compiled in one of these tributaries, the Le Sueur River, shows...
Mercury export from the Yukon River Basin and potential response to a changing climate
P. F. Schuster, Robert G. Striegl, G. R. Aiken, David P. Krabbenhoft, J. F. Dewild, K. Butler, B. Kamark, M. Dornblaser
2011, Environmental Science & Technology (45) 9262-9267
We measured mercury (Hg) concentrations and calculated export and yield from the Yukon River Basin (YRB) to quantify Hg flux from a large, permafrost-dominated, high-latitude watershed. Exports of Hg averaged 4400 kg Hg yr–1. The average annual yield for the YRB during the study period was 5.17 μg m–2 yr–1, which...
Natural radium and radon tracers to quantify water exchange and movement in reservoirs
Christopher G. Smith
Mark Baskaran, editor(s)
2011, Book chapter, Handbook of environmental isotope geochemistry
Radon and radium isotopes are routinely used to quantify exchange rates between different hydrologic reservoirs. Since their recognition as oceanic tracers in the 1960s, both radon and radium have been used to examine processes such as air-sea exchange, deep oceanic mixing, benthic inputs, and many others. Recently, the application of...
A Digital Hydrologic Network Supporting NAWQA MRB SPARROW Modeling--MRB_E2RF1WS
J. W. Brakebill, S.E. Terziotti
2011, Report
A digital hydrologic network was developed to support SPAtially Referenced Regression on Watershed attributes (SPARROW) models within selected regions of the United States. These regions correspond with the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program Major River Basin (MRB) study units 2, 3, 4, 5, and 7 (Preston...
GAGES-II: Geospatial Attributes of Gages for Evaluating Streamflow
James A. Falcone
2011, Report
This dataset, termed "GAGES II", an acronym for Geospatial Attributes of Gages for Evaluating Streamflow, version II, provides geospatial data and classifications for 9,322 stream gages maintained by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). It is an update to the original GAGES, which was published as a Data Paper on the...
On the Hydrologic Adjustment of Climate-Model Projections: The Potential Pitfall of Potential Evapotranspiration
Paul C.D. Milly, Krista A. Dunne
2011, Earth Interactions (15) 1-14
Hydrologic models often are applied to adjust projections of hydroclimatic change that come from climate models. Such adjustment includes climate-bias correction, spatial refinement ("downscaling"), and consideration of the roles of hydrologic processes that were neglected in the climate model. Described herein is a quantitative analysis of the effects of hydrologic...
Biological and geochemical controls on diel dissolved inorganic carbon cycling in a low-order agricultural stream: Implications for reach scales and beyond
Craig Tobias, J.K. Bohlke
2011, Chemical Geology (283) 18-30
Movement of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) through the hydrologic cycle is an important component of global carbon budgets, but there is considerable uncertainty about the controls of DIC transmission from landscapes to streams, and through river networks to the oceans. In this study, diel measurements of DIC, d13C-DIC, dissolved oxygen...
U.S. Geological Survey: A synopsis of Three-dimensional Modeling
Linda J. Jacobsen, Pierre D. Glynn, Geoff A. Phelps, Randall C. Orndorff, Gerald W. Bawden, V. J. S. Grauch
2011, Book chapter, Chapter 13 in <i>Synopsis of Current Three-dimensional Geological Mapping and Modeling in Geological Survey Organizations</i>
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is a multidisciplinary agency that provides assessments of natural resources (geological, hydrological, biological), the disturbances that affect those resources, and the disturbances that affect the built environment, natural landscapes, and human society. Until now, USGS map products have been generated and distributed primarily as 2-D...
Estimation of mussel population response to hydrologic alteration in a southeastern U.S. stream
James T. Peterson, J.M. Wisniewski, C.P. Shea, Jackson C. Rhett
2011, Environmental Management (48) 109-122
The southeastern United States has experienced severe, recurrent drought, rapid human population growth, and increasing agricultural irrigation during recent decades, resulting in greater demand for the water resources. During the same time period, freshwater mussels (Unioniformes) in the region have experienced substantial population declines. Consequently, there is growing interest in...
Measurement of net nitrogen and phosphorus mineralization in wetland soils using a modification of the resin-core technique
Gregory B. Noe
2011, Biogeochemistry (75) 760-770
A modification of the resin-core method was developed and tested for measuring in situ soil N and P net mineralization rates in wetland soils where temporal variation in bidirectional vertical water movement and saturation can complicate measurement. The modified design includes three mixed-bed ion-exchange resin bags located above and three...
Helicopter magnetic and electromagnetic surveys at Mounts Adams, Baker and Rainier, Washington: implications for debris flow hazards and volcano hydrology
Carol A. Finn, Maria Deszcz-Pan
2011, Conference Paper, International Workshop on Gravity, Electrical & Magnetic Methods and Their Applications, Beijing, China, October 10-13, 2011
High‐resolution helicopter magnetic and electromagnetic (HEM) data flown over the rugged, ice‐covered Mt. Adams, Mt. Baker and Mt. Rainier volcanoes (Washington), reveal the distribution of alteration, water and ice thickness essential to evaluating volcanic landslide hazards. These data, combined with geological mapping and rock property measurements, indicate the presence of...
Waste isolation and contaminant migration - Tools and techniques for monitoring the saturated zone-unsaturated zone-plant-atmosphere continuum
Brian J. Andraski, David A. Stonestrom
T.J. Nicholson, H.D. Arlt, editor(s)
2011, Conference Paper, Proceedings of the workshop on engineered barrier performance related to low-level radioactive waste, decommissioning, and uranium mill tailings facilities (NUREG/CP-0195)
In 1976 the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) began studies of unsaturated zone hydrology next to the Nation’s first commercial disposal facility for low-level radioactive waste (LLRW) near Beatty, NV. Recognizing the need for long-term data collection, the USGS in 1983 established research management areas in the vicinity of the waste-burial...
A Digital Hydrologic Network Supporting NAWQA MRB SPARROW Modeling--MRB_E2RF1
J. W. Brakebill, S.E. Terziotti
2011, Report
A digital hydrologic network was developed to support SPAtially Referenced Regression on Watershed attributes (SPARROW) models within selected regions of the United States. These regions correspond with the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program Major River Basin (MRB) study units 2, 3, 4, 5, and 7 (Preston...
