VERTICAL MOVEMENT OF GROUND WATER UNDER A LANDFILL, ANCHORAGE, ALASKA.
Gordon L. Nelson
1984, Conference Paper
A thorough review of existing ground-water information may, in some cases, be adequate to estimate rates of migration of pollutants. Analysis of data from well-performance tests and from hydrologic-data stations near a landfill in Anchorage, Alaska, indicates that pollutants migrating downward toward a confined aquifer that supplies water to three...
Arsenic and antimony in geothermal waters of Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, USA
R. E. Stauffer, J. M. Thompson
1984, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (48) 2547-2561
A total of 268 thermal spring samples were analyzed for total soluble As using reduced molybdenum-blue; 27 of these samples were also analyzed for total Sb using flame atomic absorption spectrometry. At Yellowstone the ClAs">ClAs atomic ratio is nearly constant among neutral-alkaline springs with Cl >...
The eruption of Mount Pagan volcano, Mariana Islands, 15 May 1981
N.G. Banks, R. Y. Koyanagi, J.M. Sinton, K.T. Honma
1984, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research (22) 225-269
A major explosive eruption occurred 15 May 1981 at Mount Pagan Volcano, the larger of two historic eruptive centers on Pagan Island, Mariana Islands. The eruption was preceded by increased numbers of locally felt earthquakes beginning in late March or early April and by new ground cracks, new sublimates, and...
A simple model of ice segregation using an analytic function to model heat and soil-water flow
T. V. Hromadka II, G. L. Guymon
1984, Journal of Energy Resources Technology, Transactions of the ASME (106) 515-520
For slowly moving freezing fronts in soil, the heat-transport equation may be approximated by the Laplacian of temperature. Consequently, potential theory may be assumed to apply and the temperature state can be approximated by an analytic function. The movement of freezing fronts may be approximated by a time-stepped solution of...
Geochemistry of ferromanganese nodules from DOMES site a, Northern Equatorial Pacific: Multiple diagenetic metal sources in the deep sea
S.E. Calvert, D.Z. Piper
1984, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (48) 1913-1928
The major and minor element composition of ferromanganese nodules from DOMES Site A has been determined by X-ray fluorescence methods. Three phases appear to control the bulk compositions: Mn and Fe oxyhydroxides and aluminosilicates. Relatively wide compositional variations are evident throughout the area. Nodules with high Mn/Fe ratios, high Cu,...
The critical point and two-phase boundary of seawater, 200–500°C
James L. Bischoff, Robert J. Rosenbauer
1984, Earth and Planetary Science Letters (68) 172-180
The two-phase boundary of seawater was determined by isothermal decompression of fully condensed seawater in the range of 200–500°C. The pressure at which phase separation occurred for each isotherm was determined by a comparison of the refractive index of fluid removed from the top and bottom of the reaction vessel....
Hydrogeochemistry of Big Soda Lake, Nevada: An alkaline meromictic desert lake
Y.K. Kharaka, S.W. Robinson, LeRoy M. Law, W.W. Carothers
1984, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (48) 823-835
Big Soda Lake, located near Fallon, Nevada, occupies an explosion crater rimmed by basaltic debris; volcanic activity apparently ceased within the last 10,000 years. This lake has been selected for a detailed multidisciplinary study that will ultimately cover the organic and inorganic hydrogeochemistry of water and sediments because the time...
PROJECTED EFFECTS OF GROUND-WATER DEVELOPMENT IN THE SOUTHERN HIGH PLAINS OF TEXAS AND NEW MEXICO.
Richard R. Luckey
1984, Conference Paper, Proceedings - AWWA Annual Conference
A digital ground-water flow model of the southern High Plains of Texas and New Mexico has been constructed. The calibrated model with the 1980 water level as the initial condition was used to project water levels to 2020. Estimated future pumpage based on the U. S. Economic Development Administration's economic...
Effect of anisotropy and groundwater system geometry on seepage through lakebeds. 2. Numerical simulation analysis
T. C. Winter, H.O. Pfannkuch
1984, Journal of Hydrology (75) 239-253
The interaction of lakes and groundwater is controlled partly by the geologic framework through which the water flows. Two interrelated geometric factors of the groundwater system that affect flow are overall geometry of the system, and anisotropy of the porous media within the system. Numerical simulation analysis was made for...
Isotopic evidence for glacial meltwater recharge to the Cambrian-Ordovician aquifer, north-central United States
D. I. Siegel, R.J. Mandle
1984, Quaternary Research (22) 328-335
The chemistry of water in the Cambrian-Ordovician aquifer in six midwestern states has been studied as part of the Northern Midwest Regional Aquifer-System Analysis of the U.S. Geological Survey. Dissolved-solids concentrations generally increase perpendicular to the direction of regional groundwater flow, from less than 400 mg/liter in southeast Minnesota, southwest...
Catastrophic isotopic modification of rhyolitic magma at times of caldera subsidence, Yellowstone Plateau Volcanic Field
W. Hildreth, R.L. Christiansen, J. R. O’Neil
1984, Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth (89) 8339-8369
The Yellowstone Plateau volcanic field has undergone repeated eruption of rhyolitic magma strongly depleted in 18O. Large calderas subsided 2.0, 1.3, and 0.6 Ma ago, on eruption of ash flow sheets that represent at least 2500, 280, and 1000 km3 of zoned magma. More than 60 other rhyolite lavas and tuffs permit...
Isolation of organic acids from large volumes of water by adsorption chromatography
George R. Aiken
1984, Book, National Meeting - American Chemical Society, Division of Environmental Chemistry
The concentrations of dissolved organic carbon from most natural waters ranges from 1 to 20 milligrams carbon per liter, of which approximately 75 percent are organic acids. These acids can be chromatographically fractionated into hydrophobic organic acids, such as humic substances, and hydrophilic organic acids. To effectively study any of...
Glacier mass balance and runoff research in the U.S.A.
L.R. Mayo
1984, Geografiska Annaler, Series A (66 A) 215-227
Research on glacier mass balance began in the U.S.A. about 50 years ago. More complete studies of climate, snow and ice balance, and the hydrology of glaciers were initiated for the IGY in 1957 and the IHD in 1966. Investigations included the magnitude and geographic distribution of normal...
Mineral resources of the Atlantic Exclusive Economic Zone
William P. Dillon
1984, Conference Paper, Oceans Conference Record (IEEE)
Potential mineral resources of the Atlantic Exclusive Economic Zone (including the Gulf of Mexico and US Caribbean areas) include petroleum, sand and gravel, phosphorite, placer deposits of heavy mineral sands, ferromanganese nodules, and fresh water. Although major efforts have been made to search for petroleum, the oil and gas resources...
Total gas pressure and oxygen and nitrogen saturation in warmwater ponds aerated with airlift pumps
N. C. Parker, M. A. Suttle, K. Fitzmayer
1984, Aquacultural Engineering (3) 91-102
Gas bubble disease and improper inflation of swim bladders in larval striped bass Morone saxatilis have been recently related in laboratory studies to very low levels of gas supersaturation. In other species, kills resulting from gas supersaturation have been reported in natural waters as large as Galveston Bay. We monitored warmwater ponds...
Illinois basin coal fly ashes. 2. Equilibria relationships and qualitative modeling of ash-water reactions
William R. Roy, R. A. Griffin
1984, Environmental Science & Technology (18) 739-742
No abstract available....
APPLICATION OF NON-PARAMETRIC STATISTICS TO EVALUATE THE COMPARABILITY OF ANALYTICAL DATA FROM TWO U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-QUALITY LABORATORIES.
Dale B. Peart, Linda C. Friedman
1984, Conference Paper, National Meeting - American Chemical Society, Division of Environmental Chemistry
The U. S. Geological Survey operates two water-quality laboratories. The quality of data produced by each laboratory is judged primarily from an evaluation of the data obtained from the analysis of reference samples. Quality-assurance reports that contain an analysis of the results obtained from chemical analysis of these reference materials...
Oxygen isotope calibration of the onset of ice-rafting and history of glaciation in the North Atlantic region
N. J. Shackleton, J. Backman, H. Zimmerman, D.V. Kent, M.A. Hall, David G. Roberts, D. Schnitker, J.G. Baldauf, A. Desprairies, R. Homrighausen, P. Huddlestun, J.B. Keene, A.J. Kaltenback, K.A.O. Krumsiek, A.C. Morton, J.W. Murray, J. Westberg-Smith
1984, Nature (307) 620-623
We report here that DSDP Site 552A, cored with the hydraulic piston corer on the west flank of Rockall Bank, recovered an undisturbed sequence of alternating white deep-sea carbonate oozes and dark-coloured layers that are rich in glacial debris. Oxygen isotope analysis of the sequence together with detailed nannofossil and...
NONFUEL MINERAL RESOURCES OF THE PACIFIC EXCLUSIVE ECONOMIC ZONE.
David Clague, James Bischoff, David Howell
1984, Conference Paper, Oceans Conference Record (IEEE)
The Pacific Exclusive Economic Zone contains a variety of hard mineral resources. Sand and gravel and their associated placer deposits of heavy minerals are the most likely to be developed in the near future, but offshore and deep water deposits of phosphorite, abyssal manganese nodules, ferromanganese crusts enriched in cobalt,...
Interactions of solutes and streambed sediment: 2. A dynamic analysis of coupled hydrologic and chemical processes that determine solute transport
Kenneth E. Bencala
1984, Water Resources Research (20) 1804-1814
Solute transport in streams is determined by the interaction of physical and chemical processes. Data from an injection experiment for chloride and several cations indicate significant influence of solutestreambed processes on transport in a mountain stream. These data are interpreted in terms of transient storage processes for all tracers and...
Submersible pressure outflow cell for measurement of soil water retention and diffusivity from 5 to 95 degrees C
Jim Constantz, W.N. Herkelrath
1984, Soil Science Society of America Journal (48) 7-10
A technique was developed to measure water content in soil as a function of capillary pressure from 5 to 95°C. To overcome problems encountered at high temperature, a modified Tempe pressure cell containing a soil sample is suspended in a constant-temperature water bath. The cell's porous plate is in direct...
Effect of censoring trace-level water-quality data on trend-detection capability
R. J. Gilliom, R.M. Hirsch, E.J. Gilroy
1984, Environmental Science & Technology (18) 530-535
Monte Carlo experiments were used to evaluate whether trace-level water-quality data that are routinely censored (not reported) contain valuable information for trend detection. Measurements are commonly censored if they fall below a level associated with some minimum acceptable level of reliability (detection limit). Trace-level organic data were simulated with best-...
The “anomalous cedar trees” of Lake Ashi, Hakone Volcano, Japan
Y. Oki
1984, Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS) (16) 24-27
On the bottom of Lake Ashi at Hakone, Japan, there stand great trees that, since ancient times, have been widely known as the "Anomalous Cedar Trees" of Ashi. It is not known why these trees grow on the bottom of the lake, and it remains one of the mysteries of...
Gold in natural water: A method of determination by solvent extraction and electrothermal atomization
J. B. McHugh
1984, Journal of Geochemical Exploration (20) 303-310
A method has been developed using electrothermal atomization to effectively determine the amount of gold in natural water within the nanogram range. The method has four basic steps: (1) evaporating a 1-L sample; (2) putting it in hydrobromic acid-bromine solution; (3) extracting the sample with methyl-isobutyl-ketone; and (4) determining the...
Water use in the United States, 1980
Wayne Solley
1984, Report
