Geology and geochemistry of gas-charged sediment on Kodiak Shelf, Alaska
M. A. Hampton, K.A. Kvenvolden
1981, Geo-Marine Letters (1) 141-147
Methane concentrations in some sediment cores from the Kodiak Shelf and adjacent continental slope increase with depth by three or four orders of magnitude and exceed the solubility in water at ambient conditions. Acoustic anomalies in seismic-reflection records imply that methane-rich sediment is widespread. Molecular composition of hydrocarbon gases and...
Boulder deposits and the retreat of mountain slopes, or ' gully gravure' revisited
H. H. Mills
1981, Journal of Geology (89) 649-660
Observations on mountains composed chiefly of shale and capped with Tuscarora Sandstone in the Valley and Ridge province of southwest Virginia suggest that slopes retreat by a process similar to but different from Bryan's (1940) "gully gravure." The process appears to operate as follows: Bouldery alluvium protects the floors of...
Reservoir properties of submarine- fan facies: Great Valley sequence, California
H. McLean
1981, Journal of Sedimentary Petrology (51) 865-872
Submarine-fan sandstones of the Great Valley sequence west of the Sacramento Valley, California, have low porosities and permeabilities (64 samples averaged 10.1% porosity and 0.87 millidarcies permeability). However, petrography and scanning electron microscope studies indicate that most sands in almost all submarine fan...
Geochemical evidence for modern sediment accumulation on the continental shelf off southern New England
Michael H. Bothner, E.C. Spiker, P. P. Johnson, R.R. Rendigs, P. J. Aruscavage
1981, Journal of Sedimentary Petrology (51) 281-292
An area of fine-grained sediment approximately 170 km x 74 km in size, located in water depths between 60 m and 150 m, south of Martha's Vineyard, Mass., is a site of modern sediment deposition. The 14C ages systematically increase with sediment depth from about 1,300 years B.P. at the...
Paleoclimatic implications of Late Pleistocene marine ostracodes from the St. Lawrence lowlands.
T. M. Cronin
1981, Micropaleontology (27) 384-418
Using modern zoogeographic data and inferred temperature ranges for Champlain Sea ostracode species, bottom water paleotemperatures were estimated for three phases of deposition of this inland sea. The temporal distribution of these and other environmentally diagnostic species in Champlain Sea deposits reveals a significant local climatic change in the Champlain...
Comparison of automated segmented-flow and discrete analyzers for the determination of nutrients in water
V.C. Marti, D.R. Hale
1981, Environmental Science & Technology (15) 711-713
Water samples with specific conductances ranging from 66 to 6950 ??mho/cm at 25 ??C were analyzed for ammonia-N (NH3-N), nitrate plus nitrite-N (NO3 + NO2-N), nitrite-N (NO2-N), and phosphate-P (PO4-P) by using both a "segmented-flow" analyzer and a "discrete" analyzer. Plots of the discrete vs. the segmented-flow results showed linear...
Estimation of accumulation parameters for urban runoff quality modeling
William M. Alley, Peter E. Smith
1981, Water Resources Research (17) 1657-1664
Many recently developed watershed models utilize accumulation and washoff equations to simulate the quality of runofffrom urban impervious areas. These models often have been calibrated by trial and error and with little understanding of model sensitivity to the various parameters. Methodologies for estimating best fit values of the washoff parameters...
Significant results from using earth observation satellites for mineral and energy resource exploration
William D. Carter
1981, Advances in Space Research (1) 261-269
A large number of Earth-observation satellites orbit our world several times each day, providing new information about the land and sea surfaces and the overlying thin layer of atmosphere that makes our planet unique. Meteorological satellites have had the longest history of experimental use and most are now considered operational....
Search for high-calcium limestone in Silurian reefs of northern Indiana
C.H. Ault, D.D. Carr
1981, Geological Society of America Bulletin (92) 641-647
During Silurian time, the Indiana part of the Wabash Platform was a shallow-water area between the proto-lllinois and pro-to-Michigan Basins and a site of growth of hundreds, or perhaps thousands, of reefs. Today, most reefs of northern Indiana are dolomite, but some are...
The Galapagos Spreading Centre at 86° W: A detailed geothermal field study
K.E. Green, R. P. Von Herzen, D.L. Williams
1981, Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth (86) 979-986
We report here measurements of the heat flow field of the Galapagos Spreading Center on crust of age less than 1.0 m.y. The 443 measurements in an area of about 570 km2 reveal the general planform of the geothermal flux and permit the first truly areal estimate of the near-axis conductive...
Did ice streams carve martian outflow channels?
Baerbel K. Lucchitta, D.M. Anderson, H. Shoji
1981, Nature (290) 759-763
Outflow channels on Mars1 are long sinuous linear depressions that occur mostly in the equatorial area (±30° lat.). They differ from small valley networks2 by being larger and arising full born from chaotic terrains. Outflow channels resemble terrestrial stream beds, and their origin has generally been attributed to water3–5 in catastrophic floods6,7 or mudflows8....
Anomalous chemical changes in well waters and possible relation to earthquakes
Chi-Yu King, William C. Evans, T. Presser, R.H. Husk
1981, Geophysical Research Letters (8) 425-428
Water level, temperature, salinity, electric conductivity, and pH have been measured periodically for several years at three water wells located along a 17-km segment of the San Andreas fault between San Juan Bautista and Cienega Winery in central California. Water samples were collected at the same...
Comprehensive approach to preparative isolation and fractionation of dissolved organic carbon from natural waters and wastewaters
J.A. Leenheer
1981, Environmental Science & Technology (15) 578-587
No abstract available....
Adsorption of dissolved organics in lake water by aluminum oxide. Effect of molecular weight
J.A. Davis, R. Gloor
1981, Environmental Science & Technology (15) 1223-1229
No abstract available....
Oxygen consumption and filtering rate of Daphnia pulex after exposure to water-soluble fractions of naphthaline, phenanthrene, No. 2 fuel oil, and coal-tar creosote
J. G. Geiger, A.L. Buikema Jr.
1981, Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology (27) 783-789
No abstract available....
Mars and Earth: Comparison of cold-climate features
Baerbel K. Lucchitta
1981, Icarus (45) 264-303
On Earth, glacial and periglacial features are common in areas of cold climate. On Mars, the temperature of the present-day surface is appropriate for permafrost, and the presence of water is suspected from data relating to the outgassing of the planet, from remote-sensing measurements over the polar caps and elsewhere...
Role of solute-transport models in the analysis of groundwater salinity problems in agricultural areas
Leonard F. Konikow
1981, Agricultural Water Management (4) 187-205
Undesirable salinity increases occur in both groundwater and surface water and are commonly related to agricultural practices. Groundwater recharge from precipitation or irrigation will transport and disperse residual salts concentrated by evapotranspiration, salts leached from soil and aquifer materials, as well as some dissolved fertilizers and pesticides. Where stream salinity...
Tectonic setting for ophiolite obduction in Oman
R. G. Coleman
1981, Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth (86) 2497-2508
The Samail ophiolite is part of an elongate belt in the Middle East that forms an integral part of the Alpine mountain chains that make up the northern boundary of the Arabian-African plate. The Samail ophiolite represents a portion of the Tethyan ocean crust formed at a spreading center of...
Experimental seawater-basalt interaction at 300°C, 500 bars, chemical exchange, secondary mineral formation and implications for the transport of heavy metals
W.E. Seyfried Jr., J. L. Bischoff
1981, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (45) 135-147
Seawater and NaCl solutions were reacted with basalt (basalt glass and diabase) for several months at 300°C, 500 bars and a water/rock ratio of 10. During reaction, seawater was significantly modified, increasing in Ca, H2S, CO2. SiO2, K. Fe, Mn. Ba, Al and H+, and decreasing in Mg and...
On the use of the nephelometer in estuarine waters
A. Eaton, V. Grant, O. Bricker, D. Wells
1981, Estuaries (4) 379-384
A study of the problems encountered in nephelometric determinations of suspended sediment loads in the Chesapeake Bay estuary has led to development of a technique which uses nephelometer readings as a guide for sampling at vertical profiles in an estuary. This permits optimum sampling for concentration profiles and allows one...
Measurement and computation of bed-material discharge in a shallow sand-bed stream, Muddy Creek, Wyoming
E.D. Andrews
1981, Water Resources Research (17) 131-141
Both the measurement and computation of the bed-material discharge of a stream involve large uncertainties because of the difficulties in determining bedload discharge. Measurements of bedload discharge are rare and frequently of unknown accuracy because no bedload sampler has been extensively tested and calibrated over a wide range of hydraulic...
Sudden death at the end of the Mesozoic
C. Emiliani, E.B. Kraus, E.M. Shoemaker
1981, Earth and Planetary Science Letters (55) 317-334
A paleoecological analysis of the fossil record before and after the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary indicates that the widespread extinctions and biological stresses around the boundary are best explained in terms of a sudden, significant, but short temperature rise. L. Alvarez and co-authors, having...
Dissolution of salt on the east flank of the Permian Basin in the southwestern U.S.A.
K.S. Johnson
1981, Journal of Hydrology (54) 75-93
Hydrogeologic studies prove that natural dissolution of bedded salt occurs at shallow depths in many parts of the Permian Basin of the southwestern U.S.A. This is especially well-documented on the east side of the basin in study areas on the Cimarron River and Elm Fork in western Oklahoma, and on...
Use of 35-mm color aerial photography to acquire mallard sex ratio data
Edgar L. Ferguson, Dennis G. Jorde, John L. Sease
1981, Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing (47) 823-827
A conventional 35-mm camera equipped with an f2.8 135-mm lens and ASA 64 color film was used to acquire sex ratio data on mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) wintering in the Platte River Valley of south-central Nebraska. Prelight focusing for a distance of 30.5 metres and setting of shutter speed at 1/2000...
An air-operated fish culture system with water-reuse and subsurface silos
N. C. Parker
L.J. Allen, E.F. Kinney, editor(s)
1981, Book chapter, Proceedings of the Bio-Engineering Symposium for Fish Culture
No abstract available at this time...
