Isolation of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus from muskellunge, Esox masquinongy (Mitchill), in Lake St Clair, Michigan, USA reveals a new sublineage of the North American genotype
E. Elsayed, M. Faisal, M. Thomas, G. Whelan, W. Batts, J. Winton
2006, Journal of Fish Diseases (29) 611-619
Viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV) was isolated from muskellunge, Esox masquinongy (Mitchill), caught from the NW portion of Lake St Clair, Michigan, USA in 2003. Affected fish exhibited congestion of internal organs; the inner wall of the swim bladder was thickened and contained numerous budding, fluid-filled vesicles. A virus was...
Saharan dust - A carrier of persistent organic pollutants, metals and microbes to the Caribbean?
V.H. Garrison, W.T. Foreman, S. Genualdi, Dale W. Griffin, C.A. Kellogg, M.S. Majewski, A. Mohammed, A. Ramsubhag, E.A. Shinn, S.L. Simonich, G.W. Smith
2006, Revista de Biología Tropical: International Journal of Tropical Biology and Conservation (54) 9-21
An international team of scientists from government agencies and universities in the United States, U.S. Virgin Islands (USVI), Trinidad & Tobago, the Republic of Cape Verde, and the Republic of Mali (West Africa) is working together to elucidate the role Saharan dust may play in the degradation of Caribbean ecosystems....
Constraints on the mechanism of long-term, steady subsidence at Medicine Lake volcano, northern California, from GPS, leveling, and InSAR
Michael P. Poland, Roland Burgmann, Daniel Dzurisin, Michael Lisowski, Timothy Masterlark, Susan Owen, Jonathan Fink
2006, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research (150) 55-78
Leveling surveys across Medicine Lake volcano (MLV) have documented subsidence that is centered on the summit caldera and decays symmetrically on the flanks of the edifice. Possible mechanisms for this deformation include fluid withdrawal from a subsurface reservoir, cooling/crystallization of subsurface magma, loading by the...
Quaternary tectonic faulting in the Eastern United States
R. L. Wheeler
2006, Engineering Geology (82) 165-186
Paleoseismological study of geologic features thought to result from Quaternary tectonic faulting can characterize the frequencies and sizes of large prehistoric and historical earthquakes, thereby improving the accuracy and precision of seismic-hazard assessments. Greater accuracy and precision can reduce the likelihood of both underprotection and unnecessary design and construction costs....
Three decades of urbanization: Estimating the impact of land-cover change on stream salamander populations
S.J. Price, M.E. Dorcas, Alisa L. Gallant, R. W. Klaver, J.D. Willson
2006, Biological Conservation (133) 436-441
Urbanization has become the dominant form of landscape disturbance in parts of the United States. Small streams in the Piedmont region of the eastern United States support high densities of salamanders and are often the first habitats to be affected by landscape-altering factors such as urbanization. We used US Geological...
Differences between near-surface equivalent temperature and temperature trends for the Eastern United States. Equivalent temperature as an alternative measure of heat content
C.A. Davey, R.A. Pielke Sr., K. P. Gallo
2006, Global and Planetary Change (54) 19-32
There is currently much attention being given to the observed increase in near-surface air temperatures during the last century. The proper investigation of heating trends, however, requires that we include surface heat content to monitor this aspect of the climate system. Changes in heat content of the Earth's climate are...
Using experimental and geospatial data to estimate regional carbon sequestration potential under no-till management
Z. Tan, R. Lal, S. Liu
2006, Soil Science (171) 950-959
Conservation management of croplands at the plot scale has demonstrated a great potential to mitigate the greenhouse effect through sequestration of atmospheric carbon (C) into soil. This study estimated the potential of soil to sequester C through the conversion of croplands from conventional tillage (CT) to no-till (NT) in the...
Channel formation by flow stripping: large-scale scour features along the Monterey East Channel and their relation to sediment waves
A. Fildani, W. R. Normark, S. Kostic, G. Parker
2006, Sedimentology (53) 1265-1287
The Monterey East system is formed by large-scale sediment waves deposited as a result of flows stripped from the deeply incised Monterey fan valley (Monterey Channel) at the apex of the Shepard Meander. The system is dissected by a linear series of steps that take the form of scour-shaped depressions...
Development of spatially diverse and complex dune-field patterns: Gran Desierto Dune Field, Sonora, Mexico
C. Beveridge, G. Kocurek, R.C. Ewing, N. Lancaster, P. Morthekai, A.K. Singhvi, S. A. Mahan
2006, Sedimentology (53) 1391-1409
The pattern of dunes within the Gran Desierto of Sonora, Mexico, is both spatially diverse and complex. Identification of the pattern components from remote-sensing images, combined with statistical analysis of their measured parameters demonstrate that the composite pattern consists of separate populations of simple dune patterns. Age-bracketing by optically stimulated...
Growth history of Kilauea inferred from volatile concentrations in submarine-collected basalts
Michelle L. Coombs, Thomas W. Sisson, Peter W. Lipman
2006, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research (151) 19-49
Major-element and volatile (H2O, CO2, S) compositions of glasses from the submarine flanks of Kilauea Volcano record its growth from pre-shield into tholeiite shield-stage. Pillow lavas of mildly alkalic basalt at 2600–1900 mbsl on the upper slope of the south flank are an intermediate link...
Age, growth, and mortality of introduced flathead catfish in Atlantic rivers and a review of other populations
T.J. Kwak, William E. Pine III, D.S. Waters
2006, North American Journal of Fisheries Management (26) 73-87
Knowledge of individual growth and mortality rates of an introduced fish population is required to determine the success and degree of establishment as well as to predict the fish's impact on native fauna. The age and growth of flathead catfish Pylodictis olivaris have been studied extensively in the species' native...
Alpersite (Mg,Cu)SO4·7H2O, a new mineral of the melanterite group, and cuprian pentahydrite: Their occurrence within mine waste
Ronald C. Peterson, Jane M. Hammarstrom, Robert R. Seal II
2006, American Mineralogist (91) 261-269
Alpersite, Mg0.58Cu0.37Zn0.02Mn0.02Fe0.01SO4·7H2O, a new mineral species with direct relevance to reactions in mine waste, occurs in a mineralogically zoned assemblage in sheltered areas at the abandoned Big Mike mine in central Nevada at a relative humidity of 65% and T = 4 °C. Blue alpersite, which is isostructural with melanterite (FeSO4·7H2O),...
Acoustic stratigraphy of Bear Lake, Utah-Idaho: late Quaternary sedimentation patterns in a simple half-graben
Steven M. Colman
2006, Sedimentary Geology (185) 113-125
A 277-km network of high-resolution seismic-reflection profiles, supplemented with a sidescan-sonar mosaic of the lake floor, was collected in Bear Lake, Utah–Idaho, in order to explore the sedimentary framework of the lake's paleoclimate record. The acoustic stratigraphy is tied to a 120 m deep, continuously cored drill hole in the...
VP and VS structure of the Yellowstone hot spot from teleseismic tomography: Evidence for an upper mantle plume
Gregory P. Waite, Robert B. Smith, Richard M. Allen
2006, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (111)
The movement of the lithosphere over a stationary mantle magmatic source, often thought to be a mantle plume, explains key features of the 16 Ma Yellowstone–Snake River Plain volcanic system. However, the seismic signature of a Yellowstone plume has remained elusive because of the lack of adequate data. We employ...
Puhimau thermal area: a window into the upper east rift zone of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii?
K.A. McGee, A. J. Sutton, T. Elias, M.P. Doukas, T.M. Gerlach
2006, Pure and Applied Geophysics (163) 837-851
We report the results of two soil CO2 efflux surveys by the closed chamber circulation method at the Puhimau thermal area in the upper East Rift Zone (ERZ) of Kilauea volcano, Hawaii. The surveys were undertaken in 1996 and 1998 to constrain how much CO2 might be reaching the ERZ...
Argon geochronology of Kilauea's early submarine history
Andrew T. Calvert, Marvin A. Lanphere
2006, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research (151) 1-18
Submarine alkalic and transitional basalts collected by submersible along Kilauea volcano's south flank represent early eruptive products from Earth's most active volcano. Strongly alkalic basalt fragments sampled from volcaniclastic deposits below the mid-slope Hilina Bench yield 40Ar/39Ar ages from 212 ± 38 to 280 ± 20 ka. These ages are similar to high-precision 234 ± 9 and...
An evaluation of factors influencing pore pressure in accretionary complexes: Implications for taper angle and wedge mechanics
D.M. Saffer, B.A. Bekins
2006, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (111)
At many subduction zones, accretionary complexes form as sediment is off-scraped from the subducting plate. Mechanical models that treat accretionary complexes as critically tapered wedges of sediment demonstrate that pore pressure controls their taper angle by modifying basal and internal shear strength. Here, we combine a numerical model of groundwater...
Sediment yield and runoff frequency of small drainage basins in the Mojave Desert, U.S.A
Peter G. Griffiths, R. Hereford, R. H. Webb
2006, Geomorphology (74) 232-244
Sediment yield from small arid basins, particularly in the Mojave Desert, is largely unknown owing to the ephemeral nature of these fluvial systems and long recurrence interval of flow events. We examined 27 reservoirs in the northern and eastern Mojave Desert that trapped...
The effect of chronic chromium exposure on the health of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)
A.M. Farag, T. May, G.D. Marty, M. Easton, D.D. Harper, E. E. Little, L. Cleveland
2006, Aquatic Toxicology (76) 246-257
This study was designed to determine fish health impairment of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) exposed to chromium. Juvenile Chinook salmon were exposed to aqueous chromium concentrations (0–266 μg l−1) that have been documented in porewater from bottom sediments and in well waters near salmon spawning areas in the Columbia River in the...
Studies on stoneflies (Plecoptera) of Colorado with eastern faunal affinities, including a new state record of the midwestern salmonfly, Pteronarcys pictetii hagen (Plecoptera: Pteronarcyidae)
R.E. Zuellig, B.C. Kondratieff, R.W. Hood
2006, Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington (108) 335-340
Pteronarcys pictetii Hagen nymphs were collected and reared from the South Platte River at Julesburg in eastern Colorado. Including P. pictetii, eight species are now known from Colorado that exhibit eastern North American affinities, Paracapnia angulata Hanson, Taeniopteryx burksi Ricker and Ross, Taeniopteryx parvula Banks, Acroneuria abnormis (Newman), Perlesta decipiens...
Ground-water surface-water interactions and long-term change in riverine riparian vegetation in the southwestern United States
R. H. Webb, S. A. Leake
2006, Conference Paper, Journal of Hydrology
Riverine riparian vegetation has changed throughout the southwestern United States, prompting concern about losses of habitat and biodiversity. Woody riparian vegetation grows in a variety of geomorphic settings ranging from bedrock-lined channels to perennial streams crossing deep alluvium and is dependent on interaction between ground-water and surface-water resources. Historically, few...
Mechanical deformation model of the western United States instantaneous strain-rate field
F. F. Pollitz, M. Vergnolle
2006, Geophysical Journal International (167) 421-444
We present a relationship between the long-term fault slip rates and instantaneous velocities as measured by Global Positioning System (GPS) or other geodetic measurements over a short time span. The main elements are the secularly increasing forces imposed by the bounding Pacific and Juan de Fuca (JdF) plates on the...
Emplacement of subaerial pahoehoe lava sheet flows into water: 1990 Kūpaianaha flow of Kilauea volcano at Kaimū Bay, Hawai`i
Susumu Umino, Miyuki Nonaka, James P. Kauahikaua
2006, Bulletin of Volcanology (69) 125-139
Episode 48 of the ongoing eruption of Kilauea, Hawai`i, began in July 1986 and continuously extruded lava for the next 5.5 years from a low shield, Kūpaianaha. The flows in March 1990 headed for Kalapana and inundated the entire town under 15–25 m of lava by the end of August. As the...
Fish community structure in freshwater karstic water bodies of the Sian Ka'an Reserve in the Yucatan peninsula, Mexico
L. Zambrano, E. Vazquez-Dominguez, D. Garcia-Bedoya, W.F. Loftus, J.C. Trexler
2006, Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters (17) 193-206
We evaluated the relationship between limnetic characteristics and fish community structure (based on species richness, abundance and individual size) in contrasting but interconnected inland aquatic habitats of freshwater karstic wetlands in the Yucatan peninsula, Mexico. In the western hemisphere, freshwater karstic wetlands are found in south-eastern Mexico, northern Belize, western...
Local thickening of the Cascadia forearc crust and the origin of seismic reflectors in the uppermost mantle
A.J. Calvert, K. Ramachandran, H. Kao, M. A. Fisher
2006, Tectonophysics (420) 175-188
Seismic reflection profiles from three different surveys of the Cascadia forearc are interpreted using P wave velocities and relocated hypocentres, which were both derived from the first arrival travel time inversion of wide-angle seismic data and local earthquakes. The subduction decollement, which is characterized beneath the continental shelf by a...
