Mercury concentration in coal — Unraveling the puzzle
B. Toole-O’Neil, S.J. Tewalt, R. B. Finkelman, D.J. Akers
1999, Fuel (78) 47-54
Based on data from the US Geological Survey's COALQUAL database, the mean concentration of mercury in coal is approximately 0.2 μg g−1. Assuming the database reflects in-ground US coal resources, values for conterminous US coal areas range from 0.08 μg g−1 for coal in the San Juan and Uinta regions to 0.22 μg g−1 for the Gulf Coast...
Integrating physical and chemical characteristics of lakes into the glacially influenced landscape of the Northern Cascade Mountains, Washington State, USA
Gary L. Larson, G.A. Lomnicky, Robert Hoffman, W.J. Liss, E. Deimling
1999, Environmental Management (24) 219-228
A basic knowledge of the physical and chemical characteristics of lakes is needed by management to make informed decisions to protect water resources. In this study we investigated some of the physical and chemical characteristics of 58 lakes in alpine, subalpine, and forest vegetation zones in a natural area (North...
Tectonic and regional metamorphic implications of the discovery of Middle Ordovician conodonts in cover rocks east of the Green Mountain massif, Vermont
N. M. Ratcliffe, A. G. Harris, G. J. Walsh
1999, Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences (36) 371-382
Middle Ordovician (late Arenigian - early Caradocian) conodonts were recovered from a dolostone lens in carbonaceous schist 30 m below the base of the Pinney Hollow Formation in the Eastern Cover sequence near West Bridgewater, Vermont. These are the first reported fossils from the metamorphic cover sequence rocks east of...
The evolutionary history of steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) along the US Pacific Coast: Developing a conservation strategy using genetic diversity
J.L. Nielsen
1999, ICES Journal of Marine Science (56) 449-458
Changes in genetic variation across a species range may indicate patterns of population structure resulting from past ecological and demographic events that are otherwise difficult to infer and thus provide insight into evolutionary development. Genetic data is used, drawn from 11 microsatellite loci amplified from anadromous steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) sampled...
Chronology of polyphase extension in the Windermere Hills, northeast Nevada
K.J. Mueller, P.K. Cerveny, M. E. Perkins, L.W. Snee
1999, Geological Society of America Bulletin (111) 11-27
Fission-track and 40Ar/39Ar dating and chemical correlation of volcanic strata exposed in the Windermere Hills and northern Pequop Mountains, northeast Nevada, indicate a protracted, polyphase history of Tertiary (late Eocene–late Miocene) extension along the northern margin of a major Cordilleran metamorphic core complex. Early...
Application of geologic map information to water quality issues in the southern part of the Chesapeake Bay watershed, Maryland and Virginia, eastern United States
L. McCartan, J. D. Peper, L. J. Bachman, J. Wright Horton Jr.
1999, Journal of Geochemical Exploration (64) 355-376
Geologic map units contain much information about the mineralogy, chemistry, and physical attributes of the rocks mapped. This paper presents information from regional-scale geologic maps in Maryland and Virginia, which are in the southern part of the Chesapeake Bay watershed in the eastern United States. The geologic map information is...
Late Quaternary slip rate and seismic hazards of the West Klamath Lake fault zone near Crater Lake, Oregon Cascades
C. R. Bacon, M. A. Lanphere, D.E. Champion
1999, Geology (27) 43-46
Crater Lake caldera is at the north end of the Klamath graben, where this N10°W-trending major Basin and Range structure impinges upon the north-south–trending High Cascades volcanic arc. East-facing normal faults, typically 10–15 km long, form the West Klamath Lake fault zone, which bounds the graben on its west side....
Surface phenology and satellite sensor-derived onset of greenness: An initial comparison
Mark D. Schwartz, Bradley C. Reed
1999, International Journal of Remote Sensing (20) 3451-3457
The objective of this work was to document the utility of phenological data derived from satellite sensors by comparing them with modelled phenology. Surface phenological model outputs (first leaf and first bloom dates) were correlated positively with satellite sensor-derived start of season (SOS) dates for 1991-1995 across the eastern United...
U-Pb zircon age of metafelsite from the Pinney Hollow formation: Implications for the development of the Vermont Appalachians
Gregory J. Walsh, John Aleinikoff
1999, American Journal of Science (299) 157-170
The Pinney Hollow Formation of central Vermont is part of a rift-clastic to drift-stage sequence of cover rocks deposited on the Laurentian margin during the development of the Iapetan passive margin in Late Proterozoic to Cambrian time. Conventional U-Pb zircon data indicate an age of 571+ or -5 Ma for...
Present-day deformation across the Basin and Range Province, western United States
W. Thatcher, G.R. Foulger, B.R. Julian, J. Svarc, E. Quilty, G.W. Bawden
1999, Science (283) 1714-1718
The distribution of deformation within the Basin and Range province was determined from 1992, 1996, and 1998 surveys of a dense, 800-kilometer- aperture, Global Positioning System network, Internal deformation generally follows the pattern of Holocene fault distribution and is concentrated near the western extremity of the province, with lesser amounts...
Three-dimensional velocity structure of Siletzia and other accreted terranes in the Cascadia forearc of Washington
T. Parsons, R.E. Wells, M. A. Fisher, E. Flueh, Uri S. ten Brink
1999, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (104) 18015-18039
Eocene mafic crust with high seismic velocities underlies much of the Oregon and Washington forearc and acts as a backstop for accretion of marine sedimentary rocks from the obliquely subducting Juan de Fuca slab. Arc-parallel migration of relatively strong blocks of this terrane, known as Siletzia, focuses upper crustal deformation...
Regional Vp, Vs, Vp/Vs, and Poisson's ratios across earthquake source zones from Memphis, Tennessee, to St. Louis, Missouri
R. D. Catchings
1999, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (89) 1591-1605
Models of P- and S-wave velocity, Vp/Vs ratios, Poisson's ratios, and density for the crust and upper mantle are presented along a 400-km-long profile trending from Memphis, Tennessee, to St. Louis, Missouri. The profile crosses the New Madrid seismic zone and reveals distinct regional variations in the crustal velocity structure...
Quaternary grabens in southernmost Illinois: Deformation near an active intraplate seismic zone
W.J. Nelson, F.B. Denny, L.R. Follmer, J.M. Masters
1999, Tectonophysics (305) 381-397
Narrow grabens displace Quaternary sediments near the northern edge of the Mississippi Embayment in extreme southern Illinois, east-central United States. Grabens are part of the Fluorspar Area Fault Complex (FAFC), which has been recurrently active throughout Phanerozoic time. The FAFC strikes directly toward the New Madrid Seismic Zone (NMSZ), scene...
Prediction of episodic acidification in North-eastern USA: An empirical/mechanistic approach
T.D. Davies, M. Tranter, P.J. Wigington Jr., K.N. Eshleman, N.E. Peters, J. Van Sickle, David R. DeWalle, Peter S. Murdoch
1999, Hydrological Processes (13) 1181-1195
Observations from the US Environmental Protection Agency's Episodic Response Project (ERP) in the North-eastern United States are used to develop an empirical/mechanistic scheme for prediction of the minimum values of acid neutralizing capacity (ANC) during episodes. An acidification episode is defined as a hydrological event during which ANC decreases. The...
Occurrence and transport of total mercury and methyl mercury in the Sacramento River Basin, California
Joseph L. Domagalski
1999, Journal of Geochemical Exploration (64) 277-291
Mercury poses a water-quality problem for California's Sacramento River, a large river with a mean annual discharge of over 650 m3/s. This river discharges into the San Francisco Bay, and numerous fish species of the bay and river contain mercury levels high enough to affect human health if consumed. Two...
Trace-element geochemistry of metabasaltic rocks from the Yukon-Tanana Upland and implications for the origin of tectonic assemblages in east-central Alaska
Cynthia Dusel-Bacon, K.M. Cooper
1999, Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences (36) 1671-1695
We present major- and trace- element geochemical data for 27 amphibolites and six greenstones from three structural packages in the Yukon-Tanana Upland of east-central Alaska: the Lake George assemblage (LG) of Devono-Mississippian augen gneiss, quartz-mica schist, quartzite, and amphibolite; the Taylor Mountain assemblage (TM) of mafic schist and gneiss, marble,...
Consumption of rainbow smelt by walleye and salmonine fishes in eastern Lake Erie
D.W. Einhouse, M.T. Bur, F.C. Cornelius, R. Kenyon, C.P. Madenjian, P.S. Rand, K.L. Sztramko, L.D. Witzel
M. Munawar, T. Edsall, I.F. Munawar, editor(s)
1999, Book chapter, The state of Lake Erie: past, present and future
At present, rainbow smelt appear to represent a key component of the eastern Lake Erie fish community as they are the dominant prey for virtually every open water predator, and are harvested directly by an important Ontario commercial fishery. In response to concern over the status of rainbow smelt...
The search for a source rock for the giant Tar Sand triangle accumulation, southeastern Utah
J. E. Huntoon, P. L. Hansley, N. D. Naeser
1999, American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin (83) 467-495
A large proportion (about 36%) of the worlds oil resource is contained in accumulations of heavy oil or tar. In these large deposits of degraded oil, the oil in place represents only a fraction of what was present at the time of accumulation. In many of these deposits, the source...
Large-magnitude, late Holocene earthquakes on the Genoa fault, West-Central Nevada and Eastern California
A. R. Ramelli, J. W. Bell, C.M. DePolo, J. C. Yount
1999, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (89) 1458-1472
The Genoa fault, a principal normal fault of the transition zone between the Basin and Range Province and the northern Sierra Nevada, displays a large and conspicuous prehistoric scarp. Three trenches excavated across this scarp exposed two large-displacement, late Holocene events. Two of the trenches contained multiple layers of stratified...
At-sea distribution of Spectacled Eiders: A 120-year-old mystery resolved
Margaret R. Petersen, William W. Larned, David C. Douglas
1999, The Auk (116) 1009-1020
The at-sea distribution of the threatened Spectacled Eider (Somateria fischeri) has remained largely undocumented. We identified migration corridors, staging and molting areas, and wintering areas of adult Spectacled Eiders using implanted satellite-transmitters in birds from each of the three extant breeding grounds (North Slope and Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta in Alaska and...
Reconstructing the history of eastern and central Florida Bay using mollusk-shell isotope records
R. B. Halley, L.M. Roulier
1999, Estuaries (22) 358-368
Stable isotopic ratios of carbon and oxygen (δ13C and δ18O) from mollusk shells reflect the water quality characteristics of Florida Bay and can be used to characterize the great temporal variability of the bay. Values of δ18O are directly influenced by temperature and evaporation and may be related to salinity,...
Reproductive biology and juvenile recruitment of the shinyrayed pocketbook, Lampsilis subangulata (Bivalvia: Unionidae) in the Gulf Coastal Plain
C. A. O’Brien, Jayne Brim-Box
1999, American Midland Naturalist (142) 129-140
The reproductive biology, glochidial morphology and recruitment of the federally endangered shinyrayed pocketbook, Lampsilis subangulata, were studied from May 1995 to July 1996 in the Flint River system, Georgia. Gravid female L. subangulata were found nine months of the year. On 19 May 1995, a L. subangulata was discovered releasing a superconglutinate,...
Changes in element contents of four lichens over 11 years in the Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness, northern Minnesota
James P. Bennett, C. M. Wetmore
1999, Environmental and Experimental Botany (41) 75-82
Four species of lichen (Cladina rangiferina, Evernia mesomorpha, Hypogymnia physodes, and Parmelia sulcata) were sampled at six locations in the Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness three times over a span of 11 years and analyzed for concentrations of 16 chemical elements to test the hypotheses that corticolous species would accumulate higher amounts...
Variations in water clarity and bottom albedo in Florida Bay from 1985 to 1997
R. P. Stumpf, M.L. Frayer, M.J. Durako, J. C. Brock
1999, Estuaries (22) 431-444
Following extensive seagrass die-offs of the late 1980s and early 1990s, Florida Bay reportedly had significant declines in water clarity due to turbidity and algal blooms. Scant information exists on the extent of the decline, as this bay was not investigated for water quality concerns before the die-offs and limited...
Structural and petrologic evolution of the Lihue basin and eastern Kauai, Hawaii
P.W. Reiners, B.K. Nelson, S. K. Izuka
1999, Geological Society of America Bulletin (111) 674-685
The topography of the eastern part of the Hawaiian island of Kauai is dominated by the Lihue basin, a large (∼110 km2) semicircular depression bounded by steep cliffs and partly filled by late rejuvenated-stage (or posterosional stage) volcanic material. As with other large,...
