Unsaturated zone flow processes
John R. Nimmo
2005, Book chapter, Encyclopedia of hydrological sciences, part 13, groundwater
Water flow in the unsaturated zone is greatly influenced by unsaturated hydrostatics (water content, energy, pressure, and retention) and by unsaturated hydrodynamics (diffuse flow and preferential flow). Important multiphase processes include the transport of gases, nonaqueous liquids, and solid particles. Numerous means are available for determination of unsaturated conditions and...
Geothermal systems
Yousif K. Kharaka, Robert H. Mariner
P. Aggarwal, Joel R. Gat, Klaus F.O. Froehlich, editor(s)
2005, Book chapter, Isotopes in the water cycle: Past, present, and future of a developing science
No abstract available. ...
Modeling ground-water flow and quality
Leonard F. Konikow, Pierre D. Glynn
O. Selinus, editor(s)
2005, Book chapter, Essentials of medical geology
No abstract available....
Aquifer recharge
John R. Nimmo, Richard W. Healy, David A. Stonestrom
2005, Book chapter, Encyclopedia of hydrological science: Part 13, groundwater
No abstract available. ...
Genus sulfurospirillum
J.F. Stolz, Ronald S. Oremland, B.J. Paster, F.E. Dewhirst, P. Vandamme
2005, Book chapter, Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology part two: The proteobacteria
No abstract available....
Impacts of petroleum production on ground and surface waters: Results from the Osage-Skiatook Petroleum Environmental Research A site, Osage County Oklahoma
Y.K. Kharaka, J.J. Thordsen, E. Kakouros, W.N. Herkelrath
2005, Environmental Geosciences (12) 127-138
Kharaka has been a research hydrogeochemist with the U.S. Geological Survey since1975. His current research covers the fields of water-rock-gas interactions, CO2 sequestration, contamination from agricultural drainage and petroleum produced water, and fluid-fault interactions. Kharaka has authored more than 100 scientific papers and book chapters and has delivered about...
Monitored natural attenuation and enhanced attenuation for chlorinated solvent plumes - It's all about balance
K.A. Adams, K.M. Vangelas, B.B. Looney, F. Chapelle, T. Early, T. Gilmore, C.H. Sink
2005, Conference Paper, World Water Congress 2005: Impacts of global climate change - Proceedings of the 2005 World Water and Environmental Resources Congress
Nature's inherent ability to cleanse itself is at the heart of Monitored Natural Attenuation (MNA). The complexity comes when one attempts to measure and calculate this inherent ability, called the Natural Attenuation Capacity (NAC), and determine if it is sufficient to cleanse the system to agreed upon criteria. An approach...
Urbanization effects on stream habitat characteristics in Boston, Massachusetts; Birmingham, Alabama; and Salt Lake City, Utah
T.M. Short, E.M.P. Giddings, H. Zappia, J.F. Coles
2005, Book chapter, Effects of Urbanization on Stream Ecosystems
Relations between stream habitat and urban land-use intensity were examined in 90 stream reaches located in or near the metropolitan areas of Salt Lake City, Utah (SLC); Birmingham, Alabama (BIR); and Boston, Massachusetts (BOS). Urban intensity was based on a multi-metric index (urban intensity index or UII) that included measures...
Rainfall-runoff in the Albuquerque, New Mexico, area: Measurements, analyses and comparisons
C.E. Anderson, T.J. Ward, T. Kelly
Moglen G.E., editor(s)
2005, Conference Paper, Proceedings of the 2005 Watershed Management Conference - Managing Watersheds for Human and Natural Impacts: Engineering, Ecological, and Economic Challenges
Albuquerque, New Mexico, has experienced significant growth over the last 20 years like many other cities in the Southwestern United States. While the US population grew by 37% between the 1970 and 2000 censuses, the growth for Albuquerque was 83%. More people mean more development and increased problems of managing...
Perchlorate isotope forensics
J.K. Böhlke, N.C. Sturchio, B. Gu, J. Horita, G.M. Brown, W.A. Jackson, J. Batista, P.B. Hatzinger
2005, Analytical Chemistry (77) 7838-7842
Perchlorate has been detected recently in a variety of soils, waters, plants, and food products at levels that may be detrimental to human health. These discoveries have generated considerable interest in perchlorate source identification. In this study, comprehensive stable isotope analyses (37Cl/35Cl and 18O/17O/16O) of perchlorate from known synthetic and natural...
Assessing the potential for re-emission of mercury deposited in precipitation from arid soils using a stable isotope
J.A. Ericksen, M.S. Gustin, S.E. Lindberg, S.D. Olund, D. P. Krabbenhoft
2005, Environmental Science & Technology (39) 8001-8007
A solution containing 198Hg in the form of HgCl2 was added to a 4 m2 area of desert soils in Nevada, and soil Hg fluxes were measured using three dynamic flux chambers. There was an immediate release of 198Hg after it was applied, and then emissions decreased exponentially. Within the first...
Effective discharge analysis of ecological processes in streams
Martin W. Doyle, Emily H. Stanley, David L. Strayer, Robert B. Jacobson, John C. Schmidt
2005, Water Resources Research (41)
Discharge is a master variable that controls many processes in stream ecosystems. However, there is uncertainty of which discharges are most important for driving particular ecological processes and thus how flow regime may influence entire stream ecosystems. Here the analytical method of effective discharge from fluvial geomorphology is used to...
Quasi‐steady centrifuge method for unsaturated hydraulic properties
Maria C. Caputo, John R. Nimmo
2005, Water Resources Research (41)
We have developed the quasi‐steady centrifuge (QSC) method as a variation of the steady state centrifuge method that can be implemented simply and inexpensively with greater versatility in terms of sample size and other features. It achieves these advantages by somewhat relaxing the criterion for steadiness of flow through the...
A simple method for calculating growth rates of petroleum hydrocarbon plumes
B.A. Bekins, I.M. Cozzarelli, G.P. Curtis
2005, Ground Water (43) 817-826
Consumption of aquifer Fe(III) during biodegradation of ground water contaminants may result in expansion of a contaminant plume, changing the outlook for monitored natural attenuation. Data from two research sites contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons show that toluene and xylenes degrade under methanogenic conditions, but the benzene...
Simulation of integrated surface-water/ground-water flow and salinity for a coastal wetland and adjacent estuary
C. Langevin, E. Swain, M. Wolfert
2005, Journal of Hydrology (314) 212-234
The SWIFT2D surface-water flow and transport code, which solves the St Venant equations in two dimensions, was coupled with the SEAWAT variable-density ground-water code to represent hydrologic processes in coastal wetlands and adjacent estuaries. A sequentially coupled time-lagged approach was implemented, based on a variable-density form of Darcy's Law, to...
Assessing the vulnerability of a municipal well field to contamination in a karst aquifer
R.A. Renken, K.J. Cunningham, M.R. Zygnerski, M.A. Wacker, A.M. Shapiro, R.W. Harvey, D.W. Metge, C.L. Osborn, J. N. Ryan
2005, Environmental & Engineering Geoscience (11) 319-331
Proposed expansion of extractive lime-rock mines near the Miami-Dade County Northwest well field and Everglades wetland areas has garnered intense scrutiny by government, public, environmental stakeholders, and the media because of concern that mining will increase the risk of pathogen contamination. Rock mines are excavated to the same depth as...
Steam injection pilot study in a contaminated fractured limestone (Maine, USA): Modeling and analysis of borehole radar reflection data
C. Gregoire, J.W. Lane Jr., P. K. Joesten
2005, Conference Paper, Proceedings of the 3rd International Workshop on Advanced Ground Penetrating Radar, IWAGPR 2005
Steam-enhanced remediation (SER) has been successfully used to remove DNAPL and LNAPL contaminants in porous media. Between August and November 2002, SER was tested in fractured limestone at the former Loring Air Force Base, in Maine, USA. During the SER investigation, the U.S. Geological Survey conducted a series of borehole...
Delineating copper accumulation pathways for the freshwater bivalve Corbicula using stable copper isotopes
M.-N. Croteau, S. N. Luoma
2005, Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (24) 2871-2878
Delineation of metal uptake routes in aquatic invertebrates is critical for characterizing bioaccumulation dynamics and assessing risks associated with metal exposure. Here we demonstrate that Cu stable isotopic ratios can be manipulated in both exposure media and algae to determine the efflux rate constant (ke) and...
Assessing water source and channel type as factors affecting benthic macroinvertebrate and periphyton assemblages in the highly urbanized Santa Ana River Basin, California
Carmen A. Burton, Larry R. Brown, Kenneth Belitz
2005, American Fisheries Society Symposium (2005) 239-262
The Santa Ana River basin is the largest stream system in Southern California and includes a densely populated coastal area. Extensive urbanization has altered the geomorphology and hydrology of the streams, adversely affecting aquatic communities. We studied macroinvertebrate and periphyton assemblages in relation to two categorical features of the highly...
Reconstructing a mid-Cretaceous landscape from paleosols in western Canada
David F. Ufnar, Luis A. Gonzalez, Greg A. Ludvigson, Richard L. Brenner, B.J. Witzke, D. Leckie
2005, Journal of Sedimentary Research (75) 984-996
The Albian Stage of the mid-Cretaceous was a time of equable climate conditions with high sea levels and broad shallow epeiric seas that may have had a moderating affect on continental climates. A Late Albian landscape surface that developed during a regression and subsequent sea-level rise in the Western Canada...
Combined use of 15N and 18O of nitrate and 11B to evaluate nitrate contamination in groundwater
R. L. Seiler
2005, Applied Geochemistry (20) 1626-1636
Isotopic composition of NO3 (??15NNO3 and ??18ONO3) and B (??11B) were used to evaluate NO3 contamination and identify geochemical processes occurring in a hydrologically complex Basin and Range valley in northern Nevada with multiple potential sources of NO3. Combined use of these isotopes may be a useful tool in identifying...
Comparison of Bacteroides-Prevotella 16S rRNA genetic markers for fecal samples from different animal species
L.R. Fogarty, M.A. Voytek
2005, Applied and Environmental Microbiology (71) 5999-6007
To effectively manage surface and ground waters it is necessary to improve our ability to detect and identify sources of fecal contamination. We evaluated the use of the anaerobic bacterial group Bacteroides-Prevotella as a potential fecal indicator. Terminal restriction length polymorphism (T-RFLP) of the 16S rRNA genes from this group...
Extraordinary flood response of a small urban watershed to short-duration convective rainfall
J. A. Smith, A.J. Miller, M.L. Baeck, P.A. Nelson, G. T. Fisher, K.L. Meierdiercks
2005, Journal of Hydrometeorology (6) 599-617
The 9.1 km2 Moores Run watershed in Baltimore, Maryland, experiences floods with unit discharge peaks exceeding 1 m3 s-1 km-2 12 times yr-1, on average. Few, if any, drainage basins in the continental United States have a higher frequency. A thunderstorm system on 13 June 2003 produced the record flood...
Effects of urbanization on the geomorphology, habitat, hydrology, and fish index of biotic integrity of streams in the Chicago area, Illinois and Wisconsin
F. A. Fitzpatrick, M.W. Diebel, M.A. Harris, T.L. Arnold, M.A. Lutz, K.D. Richards
2005, American Fisheries Society Symposium (2005) 87-115
Effects of urbanization on geomorphic, habitat, and hydrologic characteristics and fish biotic integrity of 45 streams in the Chicago area were examined by the U.S. Geological Survey from 2000 to 2001. An agricultural to urban land-cover gradient approach was used. Landscape characteristics such as texture of surficial deposits, slope, riparian...
A decrease in discharge-normalized DOC export by the Yukon River during summer through autumn
Robert G. Striegl, G. R. Aiken, M.M. Dornblaser, P.A. Raymond, K.P. Wickland
2005, Geophysical Research Letters (32) 1-4
Climate warming is having a dramatic effect on the vegetation distribution and carbon cycling of terrestrial subarctic and arctic ecosystems. Here, we present hydrologic evidence that warming is also affecting the export of dissolved organic carbon and bicarbonate (DOC and HCO3−) at the large basin scale. In the 831,400 km2 Yukon...
