Comparison of the lognormal and beta distribution functions to describe the uncertainty in permeability
K.L. Ricciardi, G.F. Pinder, K. Belitz
2005, Journal of Hydrology (313) 248-256
The permeability of a single hydrostratigraphic unit is associated with considerable uncertainty due to measurement errors and significant spatial variability. Historically this uncertainty is characterized by a lognormal distribution. This distribution is generally heavy tailed, so using this distribution to describe the permeability has the limitation that all positive values...
Parameter and observation importance in modelling virus transport in saturated porous media - Investigations in a homogenous system
Gilbert R. Barth, M. C. Hill
2005, Journal of Contaminant Hydrology (80) 107-129
This paper evaluates the importance of seven types of parameters to virus transport: hydraulic conductivity, porosity, dispersivity, sorption rate and distribution coefficient (representing physical-chemical filtration), and in-solution and adsorbed inactivation (representing virus inactivation). The first three parameters relate to subsurface transport in general while the last four, the sorption rate,...
Improved prediction of octanol-water partition coefficients from liquid-solute water solubilities and molar volumes
C. T. Chiou, D.W. Schmedding, M. Manes
2005, Environmental Science & Technology (39) 8840-8846
A volume-fraction-based solvent−water partition model for dilute solutes, in which the partition coefficient shows a dependence on solute molar volume ( ), is adapted to predict the octanol−water partition coefficient (Kow) from the liquid or supercooled-liquid solute water solubility (Sw), or vice versa. The established correlation is...
A decrease in discharge-normalized DOC export by the Yukon River during summer through autumn
Robert G. Striegl, G. R. Aiken, M.M. Dornblaser, P.A. Raymond, K.P. Wickland
2005, Geophysical Research Letters (32) 1-4
Climate warming is having a dramatic effect on the vegetation distribution and carbon cycling of terrestrial subarctic and arctic ecosystems. Here, we present hydrologic evidence that warming is also affecting the export of dissolved organic carbon and bicarbonate (DOC and HCO3−) at the large basin scale. In the 831,400 km2 Yukon...
Forms and accumulation of soil P in natural and recently restored peatlands - Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, USA
S.A. Graham, C.B. Craft, P.V. McCormick, A. Aldous
2005, Wetlands (25) 594-606
Forms, amounts, and accumulation of soil phosphorus (P) were measured in natural and recently restored marshes surrounding Upper Klamath Lake located in south-central Oregon, USA to determine rates of P accumulation in natural marshes and to assess changes in P pools caused by long-term drainage in recently restored marshes. Soil...
Effects of urbanization on the geomorphology, habitat, hydrology, and fish index of biotic integrity of streams in the Chicago area, Illinois and Wisconsin
F. A. Fitzpatrick, M.W. Diebel, M.A. Harris, T.L. Arnold, M.A. Lutz, K.D. Richards
2005, American Fisheries Society Symposium (2005) 87-115
Effects of urbanization on geomorphic, habitat, and hydrologic characteristics and fish biotic integrity of 45 streams in the Chicago area were examined by the U.S. Geological Survey from 2000 to 2001. An agricultural to urban land-cover gradient approach was used. Landscape characteristics such as texture of surficial deposits, slope, riparian...
Aqueous stability of gadolinium in surface waters receiving sewage treatment plant effluent Boulder Creek, Colorado
P. L. Verplanck, Howard E. Taylor, D. Kirk Nordstrom, L. B. Barber
2005, Environmental Science & Technology (39) 6923-6929
In many surface waters, sewage treatment plant (STP) effluent is a substantial source of both regulated and unregulated contaminants, including a suite of complex organic compounds derived from household chemicals, pharmaceutical, and industrial and medical byproducts. In addition, STP effluents in some urban areas have also been shown to have...
Effect of ferric oxyhydroxide grain coatings on the transport of bacteriophage PRD1 and Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts in saturated porous media
R.A. Abudalo, Y.G. Bogatsu, J. N. Ryan, R.W. Harvey, D.W. Metge, M. Elimelech
2005, Environmental Science & Technology (39) 6412-6419
To test the effect of geochemical heterogeneity on microorganism transport in saturated porous media, we measured the removal of two microorganisms, the bacteriophage PRD1 and oocysts of the protozoan parasite Cryptosporidium parvum, in flow-through columns of quartz sand coated by different amounts of a ferric oxyhydroxide. The experiments...
Chloroethene biodegradation in sediments at 4°C
P. M. Bradley, S. Richmond, F. H. Chapelle
2005, Applied and Environmental Microbiology (71) 6414-6417
Microbial reductive dechlorination of [1,2-14C]trichloroethene to [14C]cis-dichloroethene and [14C]vinyl chloride was observed at 4°C in anoxic microcosms prepared with cold temperature-adapted aquifer and river sediments from Alaska. Microbial anaerobic oxidation of [1,2-14C]cis-dichloroethene and [1,2-14C]vinyl chloride to 14CO2 also was observed under these conditions. ...
Extraordinary flood response of a small urban watershed to short-duration convective rainfall
J. A. Smith, A.J. Miller, M.L. Baeck, P.A. Nelson, G. T. Fisher, K.L. Meierdiercks
2005, Journal of Hydrometeorology (6) 599-617
The 9.1 km2 Moores Run watershed in Baltimore, Maryland, experiences floods with unit discharge peaks exceeding 1 m3 s-1 km-2 12 times yr-1, on average. Few, if any, drainage basins in the continental United States have a higher frequency. A thunderstorm system on 13 June 2003 produced the record flood...
Channelization and floodplain forests: Impacts of accelerated sedimentation and valley plug formation on floodplain forests of the Middle Fork Forked Deer River, Tennessee, USA
S.N. Oswalt, S.L. King
2005, Forest Ecology and Management (215) 69-83
We evaluated the severe degradation of floodplain habitats resulting from channelization and concomitant excessive coarse sedimentation on the Middle Fork Forked Deer River in west Tennessee from 2000 to 2003. Land use practices have resulted in excessive sediment in the tributaries and river system eventually resulting in sand deposition on...
Comparison of Bacteroides-Prevotella 16S rRNA genetic markers for fecal samples from different animal species
L.R. Fogarty, M.A. Voytek
2005, Applied and Environmental Microbiology (71) 5999-6007
To effectively manage surface and ground waters it is necessary to improve our ability to detect and identify sources of fecal contamination. We evaluated the use of the anaerobic bacterial group Bacteroides-Prevotella as a potential fecal indicator. Terminal restriction length polymorphism (T-RFLP) of the 16S rRNA genes from this group...
Effects of suburban development on runoff generation in the Croton River basin, New York, USA
Douglas A. Burns, T. Vitvar, J. McDonnell, J. Hassett, J. Duncan, Carol Kendall
2005, Journal of Hydrology (311) 266-281
The effects of impervious area, septic leach-field effluent, and a riparian wetland on runoff generation were studied in three small (0.38–0.56 km2) headwater catchments that represent a range of suburban development (high density residential, medium density residential, and undeveloped) within the Croton River basin, 70 km north of New York City. Precipitation, stream...
Evidence and implications of recent climate change in Northern Alaska and other Arctic regions
L. D. Hinzman, N.D. Bettez, W.R. Bolton, F.S. Chapin, M.B. Dyurgerov, C.L. Fastie, B. Griffith, R.D. Hollister, Allen Hope, H.P. Huntington, A.M. Jensen, G.J. Jia, T. Jorgenson, D.L. Kane, D.R. Klein, G. Kofinas, A.H. Lynch, A.H. Lloyd, A. D. McGuire, Frederick E. Nelson, W.C. Oechel, T.E. Osterkamp, C.H. Racine, V.E. Romanovsky, R. S. Stone, D.A. Stow, M. Sturm, C.E. Tweedie, G.L. Vourlitis, M.D. Walker, D.A. Walker, P.J. Webber, J.M. Welker, K.S. Winker, K. Yoshikawa
2005, Climatic Change (72) 251-298
The Arctic climate is changing. Permafrost is warming, hydrological processes are changing and biological and social systems are also evolving in response to these changing conditions. Knowing how the structure and function of arctic terrestrial ecosystems are responding to recent and persistent climate change is paramount to understanding the future...
Impact of land use and land cover change on groundwater recharge and quality in the southwestern US
Bridget R. Scanlon, Robert C. Reedy, David A. Stonestrom, David E. Prudic, Kevin F. Dennehy
2005, Global Change Biology (11) 1577-1593
Humans have exerted large‐scale changes on the terrestrial biosphere, primarily through agriculture; however, the impacts of such changes on the hydrologic cycle are poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that the conversion of natural rangeland ecosystems to agricultural ecosystems impacts the subsurface portion of...
Percolation and transport in a sandy soil under a natural hydraulic gradient
Christopher T. Green, David A. Stonestrom, Barbara A. Bekins, Katherine C. Akstin, Marjorie S. Schulz
2005, Water Resources Research (41)
Unsaturated flow and transport under a natural hydraulic gradient in a Mediterranean climate were investigated with a field tracer experiment combined with laboratory analyses and numerical modeling. Bromide was applied to the surface of a sandy soil during the dry season. During the subsequent rainy season, repeated sediment sampling tracked...
Effects of stream flow intermittency on riparian vegetation of a semiarid region river (San Pedro River, Arizona)
J.C. Stromberg, K.J. Bagstad, J.M. Leenhouts, S.J. Lite, E. Makings
2005, River Research and Applications (21) 925-938
The San Pedro River in the southwestern United States retains a natural flood regime and has several reaches with perennial stream flow and shallow ground water. However, much of the river flows intermittently. Urbanization-linked declines in regional ground-water levels have raised concerns over the future status of the riverine ecosystem...
Combined use of 15N and 18O of nitrate and 11B to evaluate nitrate contamination in groundwater
R. L. Seiler
2005, Applied Geochemistry (20) 1626-1636
Isotopic composition of NO3 (??15NNO3 and ??18ONO3) and B (??11B) were used to evaluate NO3 contamination and identify geochemical processes occurring in a hydrologically complex Basin and Range valley in northern Nevada with multiple potential sources of NO3. Combined use of these isotopes may be a useful tool in identifying...
Use of relational databases to evaluate regional petroleum accumulation, groundwater flow, and CO2 sequestration in Kansas
T.R. Carr, D. F. Merriam, J.D. Bartley
2005, American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin (89) 1607-1627
Large-scale relational databases and geographic information system tools are used to integrate temperature, pressure, and water geo-chemistry data from numerous wells to better understand regional-scale geothermal and hydrogeological regimes of the lower Paleozoic aquifer systems in the mid-continent and to evaluate their potential for geologic CO2 sequestration. The lower Paleozoic...
Nitrogen and carbon flow from rock to water: Regulation through soil biogeochemical processes, Mokelumne River watershed, California, and Grand Valley, Colorado
J.M. Holloway, R. L. Smith
2005, Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface (110)
Soil denitrification is an ecologically important nitrogen removal mechanism that releases to the atmosphere the greenhouse gas N2O, an intermediate product from the reduction of NO3- to N 2. In this study we evaluate the relationship between soil carbon and denitrification potential in watersheds with bedrock acting as a nonpoint...
Part 2: A field study of enhanced remediation of Toluene in the vadose zone using a nutrient solution
J.A. Tindall, E.P. Weeks, M. Friedel
2005, Water, Air, & Soil Pollution (168) 359-389
The objective of this study was to test the effectiveness of a nitrate-rich nutrient solution and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to enhance in-situ microbial remediation of toluene in the unsaturated zone. Three sand-filled plots were tested in three phases (each phase lasting approximately 2 weeks). During the control phase, toluene...
Reconstructing a mid-Cretaceous landscape from paleosols in western Canada
David F. Ufnar, Luis A. Gonzalez, Greg A. Ludvigson, Richard L. Brenner, B.J. Witzke, D. Leckie
2005, Journal of Sedimentary Research (75) 984-996
The Albian Stage of the mid-Cretaceous was a time of equable climate conditions with high sea levels and broad shallow epeiric seas that may have had a moderating affect on continental climates. A Late Albian landscape surface that developed during a regression and subsequent sea-level rise in the Western Canada...
Assessing water source and channel type as factors affecting benthic macroinvertebrate and periphyton assemblages in the highly urbanized Santa Ana River Basin, California
Carmen A. Burton, Larry R. Brown, Kenneth Belitz
2005, American Fisheries Society Symposium (2005) 239-262
The Santa Ana River basin is the largest stream system in Southern California and includes a densely populated coastal area. Extensive urbanization has altered the geomorphology and hydrology of the streams, adversely affecting aquatic communities. We studied macroinvertebrate and periphyton assemblages in relation to two categorical features of the highly...
Delineating copper accumulation pathways for the freshwater bivalve Corbicula using stable copper isotopes
M.-N. Croteau, S. N. Luoma
2005, Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (24) 2871-2878
Delineation of metal uptake routes in aquatic invertebrates is critical for characterizing bioaccumulation dynamics and assessing risks associated with metal exposure. Here we demonstrate that Cu stable isotopic ratios can be manipulated in both exposure media and algae to determine the efflux rate constant (ke) and...
Palaeohydrology of the Southwest Yukon Territory, Canada, based on multiproxy analyses of lake sediment cores from a depth transect
L. Anderson, M.B. Abbott, B. P. Finney, M. E. Edwards
2005, Holocene (15) 1172-1183
Lake-level variations at Marcella Lake, a small, hydrologically closed lake in the southwestern Yukon Territory, document changes in effective moisture since the early Holocene. Former water levels, driven by regional palaeohydrology, were reconstructed by multiproxy analyses of sediment cores from four sites spanning shallow to deep water. Marcella Lake today...
