Entropy and generalized least square methods in assessment of the regional value of streamgages
M. Markus, Knapp H. Vernon, Gary D. Tasker
2003, Journal of Hydrology (283) 107-121
The Illinois State Water Survey performed a study to assess the streamgaging network in the State of Illinois. One of the important aspects of the study was to assess the regional value of each station through an assessment of the information transfer among gaging records for low, average, and high...
Geology of the MER 2003 "Elysium" candidate landing site in southeastern Utopia Planitia, Mars
Kenneth L. Tanaka, Michael H. Carr, James A. Skinner, Martha S. Gilmore, Trent M. Hare
2003, Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets (108)
The NASA Mars Exploration Rover (MER) Project has been considering a landing-site ellipse designated EP78B2 in southeastern Utopia Planitia, southwest of Elysium Mons. The site appears to be relatively safe for a MER landing site because of its predicted low wind velocities in mesoscale atmospheric circulation models and its low...
Application of two hydrologic models with different runoff mechanisms to a hillslope dominated watershed in the northeastern US: A comparison of HSPF and SMR
M.S. Johnson, W.F. Coon, V.K. Mehta, T.S. Steenhuis, E.S. Brooks, J. Boll
2003, Journal of Hydrology (284) 57-76
Differences in the simulation of hydrologic processes by watershed models directly affect the accuracy of results. Surface runoff generation can be simulated as either: (1) infiltration-excess (or Hortonian) overland flow, or (2) saturation-excess overland flow. This study compared the Hydrological Simulation Program - FORTRAN (HSPF) and the Soil Moisture Routing...
Fluorescence excitation-emission matrix regional integration to quantify spectra for dissolved organic matter
W. Chen, P. Westerhoff, J.A. Leenheer, K. Booksh
2003, Environmental Science & Technology (37) 5701-5710
Excitation−emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy has been widely used to characterize dissolved organic matter (DOM) in water and soil. However, interpreting the >10,000 wavelength-dependent fluorescence intensity data points represented in EEMs has posed a significant challenge. Fluorescence regional integration, a quantitative...
Reduction of elemental selenium to selenide: Experiments with anoxic sediments and bacteria that respire Se-oxyanions
M.J. Herbel, J.S. Blum, R.S. Oremland, S.E. Borglin
2003, Geomicrobiology Journal (20) 587-602
A selenite-respiring bacterium, Bacillus selenitireducens, produced significant levels of Se(-II) (as aqueous HSe−) when supplied with Se(0). B. selenitireducens was also able to reduce selenite [Se(IV)] through Se(0) to Se(-II). Reduction of Se(0) by B. selenitireducens was more rapid in cells grown on colloidal sulfur [S(0)] or Se(IV) as their electron acceptor than for cell...
Response of North American Great Basin Lakes to Dansgaard-Oeschger oscillations
L. Benson, S. Lund, R. Negrini, B. Linsley, M. Zic
2003, Quaternary Science Reviews (22) 2239-2251
We correlate oscillations in the hydrologic and/or cryologic balances of four Great Basin surface-water systems with Dansgaard-Oeschger (D-O) events 2-12. This correlation is relatively strong at the location of the magnetic signature used to link the lake records, but becomes less well constrained with distance/time from the signature. Comparison of...
A new cation-exchange method for accurate field speciation of hexavalent chromium
J.W. Ball, R. Blaine McCleskey
2003, Talanta (61) 305-313
A new method for field speciation of Cr(VI) has been developed to meet present stringent regulatory standards and to overcome the limitations of existing methods. The method consists of passing a water sample through strong acid cation-exchange resin at the field site, where Cr(III) is retained while Cr(VI) passes into...
Effect of hydrologic and geochemical conditions on oxygen-enhanced bioremediation in a gasoline-contaminated aquifer
J. E. Landmeyer, P. M. Bradley
2003, Bioremediation Journal (7) 165-177
The effect of pre-existing factors, e.g., hydrologic, geochemical, and microbiological properties, on the results of oxygen addition to a reformulated gasoline-contaminated groundwater system was studied. Oxygen addition with an oxygen-release compound (a proprietary form of magnesium peroxide produced different results with respect to dissolved oxygen (DO) generation and contaminant decrease...
Historical trend in river ice thickness and coherence in hydroclimatological trends in Maine
T.G. Huntington, G.A. Hodgkins, R. W. Dudley
2003, Climatic Change (61) 217-236
We analyzed long-term records of ice thickness on the Piscataquis River in central Maine and air temperature in Maine to determine whether there were temporal trends that were associated with climate warming. The trend in ice thickness was compared and correlated with regional time series of winter air temperature, heating...
Offset vertical radar profiling
A. Witten, J. Lane
2003, Leading Edge (Tulsa, OK) (22) 1070-1076
Diffraction tomography imaging was applied to VRP data acquired by vertically moving a receiving antenna in a number of wells. This procedure simulated a vertical downhole receiver array. Similarly, a transmitting antenna was sequentially moved along a series of radial lines extending outward from the receiver wells. This provided a...
Modeling radium and radon transport through soil and vegetation
J.A. Kozak, H. W. Reeves, B.A. Lewis
2003, Journal of Contaminant Hydrology (66) 179-200
A one-dimensional flow and transport model was developed to describe the movement of two fluid phases, gas and water, within a porous medium and the transport of 226Ra and 222Rn within and between these two phases. Included in this model is the vegetative uptake of water and aqueous 226Ra and...
The typological approach to submarine groundwater discharge (SGD)
H. Bokuniewicz, R. Buddemeier, B. Maxwell, C. Smith
2003, Biogeochemistry (66) 145-158
Coastal zone managers need to factor submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) in their integration. SGD provides a pathway for the transfer of freshwater, and its dissolved chemical burden, from the land to the coastal ocean. SGD reduces salinities and provides nutrients to specialized coastal habitats. It also can be a pollutant...
A reservoir of nitrate beneath desert soils
Michelle Ann Walvoord, Fred M. Phillips, David A. Stonestrom, R. Dave Evans, Peter C. Hartsough, Brent D. Newman, Robert G. Striegl
2003, Science (302) 1021-1024
A large reservoir of bioavailable nitrogen (up to ∼104 kilograms of nitrogen per hectare, as nitrate) has been previously overlooked in studies of global nitrogen distribution. The reservoir has been accumulating in subsoil zones of arid regions throughout the Holocene. Consideration of the subsoil reservoir raises estimates of vadose-zone nitrogen...
Inhibition of acetoclastic methanogenesis in crude oil- and creosote-contaminated groundwater
E. Warren, B.A. Bekins, E.M. Godsy, V. K. Smith
2003, Bioremediation Journal (7) 139-149
The inhibition of acetoclastic methanogenesis in crude oil- and creosote-contaminated groundwater was studied. The crude oil and water-soluble components of creosote contributed to the inhibition of acetoclastic methanogens. Acetoclastic methanogenesis was much more susceptible to the toxic inhibition of crude oil and creosote than either hydrogen- or formate-utilizing methanogenesis. The...
Use of statistically and dynamically downscaled atmospheric model output for hydrologic simulations in three mountainous basins in the western United States
L.E. Hay, M.P. Clark
2003, Journal of Hydrology (282) 56-75
This paper examines the hydrologic model performance in three snowmelt-dominated basins in the western United States to dynamically- and statistically downscaled output from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research Reanalysis (NCEP). Runoff produced using a distributed hydrologic model is compared using daily precipitation and maximum and...
Transport and cycling of iron and hydrogen peroxide in a freshwater stream: Influence of organic acids
Durelle T. Scott, Robert L. Runkel, Diane M. McKnight, Bettina M. Voelker, Briant A. Kimball, Elizabeth R. Carraway
2003, Water Resources Research (39) 1-14
An in‐stream injection of two dissolved organic acids (phthalic and aspartic acids) was performed in an acidic mountain stream to assess the effects of organic acids on Fe photoreduction and H2O2 cycling. Results indicate that the fate of Fe is dependent on a net balance of oxidative and reductive processes, which...
The fate of wastewater-derived nitrate in the subsurface of the Florida Keys: Key Colony Beach, Florida
E.M. Griggs, L.R. Kump, J.K. Böhlke
2003, Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science (58) 517-539
Shallow injection is the predominant mode of wastewater disposal for most tourist-oriented facilities and some residential communities in the US Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary. Concern has been expressed that wastewater nutrients may be escaping from the saline groundwater system into canals and surrounding coastal waters and perhaps to the...
Vertical velocity variance in the mixed layer from radar wind profilers
K. Eng, R.L. Coulter, W. Brutsaert
2003, Journal of Hydrologic Engineering (8) 301-307
Vertical velocity variance data were derived from remotely sensed mixed layer turbulence measurements at the Atmospheric Boundary Layer Experiments (ABLE) facility in Butler County, Kansas. These measurements and associated data were provided by a collection of instruments that included two 915 MHz wind profilers, two radio acoustic sounding systems, and...
Mineral precipitation and dissolution at two slag-disposal sites in northwestern Indiana, USA
E.R. Bayless, M. S. Schulz
2003, Environmental Geology (45) 252-261
Slag is a ubiquitous byproduct of the iron- and steel-refining industries. In northwestern Indiana and northeastern Illinois, slag has been deposited over more than 52 km2 of land surface. Despite the widespread use of slag for fill and construction purposes, little is known about its chemical effects on the environment....
Automated calibration of a stream solute transport model: Implications for interpretation of biogeochemical parameters
D.T. Scott, M.N. Gooseff, K.E. Bencala, R.L. Runkel
2003, Journal of the North American Benthological Society (22) 492-510
The hydrologic processes of advection, dispersion, and transient storage are the primary physical mechanisms affecting solute transport in streams. The estimation of parameters for a conservative solute transport model is an essential step to characterize transient storage and other physical features that cannot be directly measured, and often is a...
Mass load estimation errors utilizing grab sampling strategies in a karst watershed
A.W. Fogle, J.L. Taraba, J.S. Dinger
2003, Journal of the American Water Resources Association (39) 1361-1372
Developing a mass load estimation method appropriate for a given stream and constituent is difficult due to inconsistencies in hydrologic and constituent characteristics. The difficulty may be increased in flashy flow conditions such as karst. Many projects undertaken are constrained by budget and manpower and do not have the luxury...
Hydrological response to earthquakes in the Haibara well, central Japan - II. Possible mechanism inferred from time-varying hydraulic properties
N. Matsumoto, E.A. Roeloffs
2003, Geophysical Journal International (155) 899-913
28 coseismic groundwater level decreases have been observed at the Haibara well, Shizuoka prefecture, central Japan, from 1981 to 1997. These groundwater level changes cannot be explained as the poroelastic response to coseismic static strain. We use the atmospheric pressure and tidal responses of the well, rock properties measured on...
Stable lead isotopes reveal a natural source of high lead concentrations to gasoline-contaminated groundwater
J. E. Landmeyer, P. M. Bradley, T.D. Bullen
2003, Environmental Geology (45) 12-22
Concentrations of total lead as high as 1,600 μg/L were detected in gasoline-contaminated and uncontaminated groundwater at three gasoline-release sites in South Carolina. Total lead concentrations were highest in turbid groundwater samples from gasoline-contaminated and uncontaminated wells, whereas lower turbidity groundwater samples (collected using low-flow methods) had lower total lead...
Hydrological response to earthquakes in the Haibara well, central Japan - I. Groundwater level changes revealed using state space decomposition of atmospheric pressure, rainfall and tidal responses
N. Matsumoto, G. Kitagawa, E.A. Roeloffs
2003, Geophysical Journal International (155) 885-898
For the groundwater level observed at the Haibara well, Shizuoka Prefecture, central Japan, time series analysis using state-space modelling is applied to extract hydrological anomalies related to earthquakes. This method can decompose observed groundwater level time series into five components: atmospheric pressure, tidal, and precipitation responses, observation noise, and residual...
An evaluation of sediment rating curves for estimating suspended sediment concentrations for subsequent flux calculations
A. J. Horowitz
2003, Hydrological Processes (17) 3387-3409
In the absence of actual suspended sediment concentration (SSC) measurements, hydrologists have used sediment rating (sediment transport) curves to estimate (predict) SSCs for subsequent flux calculations. Various evaluations of the sediment rating-curve method were made using data from long-term, daily sediment-measuring sites within large (>1 000 000 km2), medium (<1...
