Estimating formation properties from early-time oscillatory water levels in a pumped well
A.M. Shapiro, D.S. Oki
2000, Journal of Hydrology (236) 91-108
Hydrologists often attempt to estimate formation properties from aquifer tests for which only the hydraulic responses in a pumped well are available. Borehole storage, turbulent head losses, and borehole skin, however, can mask the hydraulic behavior of the formation inferred from the water level in the pumped well. Also, in...
Iron and aluminum hydroxysulfates from acid sulfate waters
J.M. Bigham, D. Kirk Nordstrom
2000, Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry (40) 351-403
Acid sulfate waters are produced mostly by the oxidation of common sulfide minerals such as pyrite, chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite, and marcasite in rocks, soils, sediments, and industrial wastes. This spontaneous process of mineral weathering plays a fundamental role in the supergene alteration of ore deposits, the formation of acid sulfate soils,...
Development and application of a comprehensive simulation model to evaluate impacts of watershed structures and irrigation water use on streamflow and groundwater: The case of Wet Walnut Creek Watershed, Kansas, USA
S.R. Ramireddygari, M.A. Sophocleous, J.K. Koelliker, S.P. Perkins, R.S. Govindaraju
2000, Journal of Hydrology (236) 223-246
This paper presents the results of a comprehensive modeling study of surface and groundwater systems, including stream-aquifer interactions, for the Wet Walnut Creek Watershed in west-central Kansas. The main objective of this study was to assess the impacts of watershed structures and irrigation water use on streamflow and groundwater levels,...
Temporal variations in parameters reflecting terminal-electron-accepting processes in an aquifer contaminated with waste fuel and chlorinated solvents
Jennifer T. McGuire, Erik W. Smith, David T. Long, David W. Hyndman, Sheridan K. Haack, Michael J. Klug, Michael A. Velbel
2000, Chemical Geology (169) 471-485
A fundamental issue in aquifer biogeochemistry is the means by which solute transport, geochemical processes, and microbiological activity combine to produce spatial and temporal variations in redox zonation. In this paper, we describe the temporal variability of TEAP conditions in shallow groundwater contaminated with both waste fuel and chlorinated solvents....
Redox conditions and the efficiency of chlorinated ethene biodegradation: Field studies
F. H. Chapelle, P. M. Bradley
2000, Conference Paper, ACS Division of Environmental Chemistry, Preprints
The effect of redox conditions on the efficiency of chlorinated ethene biodegradation was investigated at two field sites. One site (NAS Cecil Field, FL) is characterized by predominantly Fe(III)-reducing conditions in the contaminant source area, grading to predominantly sulfate- reducing conditions downgradient. This sequence of redox conditions led to relatively...
Calcite crystal growth inhibition by humic substances with emphasis on hydrophobic acids from the Florida Everglades
A.R. Hoch, M.M. Reddy, G. R. Aiken
2000, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (64) 61-72
The crystallization of calcium carbonate minerals plays an integral role in the water chemistry of terrestrial ecosystems. Humic substances, which are ubiquitous in natural waters, have been shown to reduce or inhibit calcite crystal growth in experiments. The purpose of this study is to...
Effects of the flood of 1993 on the chemical characteristics of bed sediments in the Upper Mississippi River
J. A. Moody, J.F. Sullivan, Howard E. Taylor
2000, Water, Air, & Soil Pollution (117) 329-351
Concentrations of pollutants stored in the surficial bed sediments in the navigation pools of the Upper Mississippi River showed a general decrease after the record flood of 1993. Percent clay and total organic carbon in the surficial sediments decreased as a result of an increase in the proportion of coarser...
Composition of fish communities in relation to stream acidification and habitat in the Neversink River, New York
Barry P. Baldigo, G.B. Lawrence
2000, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society (129) 60-76
The effects of acidification in lotic systems are not well documented. Spatial and temporal variability of habitat and water quality complicate the evaluation of acidification effects in streams and rivers. The Neversink River in the Catskill Mountains of southeastern New York, the tributaries of which vary from well buffered to...
Colloid formation and metal transport through two mixing zones affected by acid mine drainage near Silverton, Colorado
L. E. Schemel, B. A. Kimball, K.E. Bencala
2000, Applied Geochemistry (15) 1003-1018
Stream discharges and concentrations of dissolved and colloidal metals (Al, Ca, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Pb, and Zn), SO4, and dissolved silica were measured to identify chemical transformations and determine mass transports through two mixing zones in the Animas River that receive the inflows from Cement and Mineral Creeks. The...
Development of a grid-cell topographic surface for Okefenokee Swamp, Georgia
Cynthia S. Loftin, Wiley Rasberry, Wiley M. Kitchens
2000, Wetlands (20) 487-499
The Okefenokee Swamp is a 160,000 ha freshwater wetland in Southeast Georgia, USA that developed in a landscape basin. Hydrologic variability across the swamp suggests that water-surface elevations are not uniform across the swamp. The topographic surface map discussed herein was developed to describe the swamp topography at local to...
Snow crystal imaging using scanning electron microscopy: III. Glacier ice, snow and biota
A. Rango, W.P. Wergin, E.F. Erbe, E.G. Josberger
2000, Hydrological Sciences Journal (45) 357-375
Low-temperature scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to observe metamorphosed snow, glacial firn, and glacial ice obtained from South Cascade Glacier in Washington State, USA. Biotic samples consisting of algae (Chlamydomonas nivalis) and ice worms (a species of oligochaetes) were also collected and imaged. In the field, the snow and...
A field technique for estimating aquifer parameters using flow log data
Frederick L. Paillet
2000, Ground Water (38) 510-521
A numerical model is used to predict flow along intervals between producing zones in open boreholes for comparison with measurements of borehole flow. The model gives flow under quasi-steady conditions as a function of the transmissivity and hydraulic head in an arbitrary number of zones communicating with each other along...
Controls on nitrogen flux in alpine/subalpine watersheds of Colorado
Donald H. Campbell, Jill Baron, Kathy A. Tonnessen, Paul D. Brooks, Paul F. Schuster
2000, Water Resources Research (36) 37-47
High‐altitude watersheds in the Front Range of Colorado show symptoms of advanced stages of nitrogen excess, despite having less nitrogen in atmospheric deposition than other regions where watersheds retain nitrogen. In two alpine/subalpine subbasins of the Loch Vale watershed, atmospheric deposition of NO3− plus NH4+ was 3.2–5.5 kg N ha−1, and watershed...
Climatology, hydrology, and simulation of an emergency outlet, Devils Lake basin, North Dakota
Gregg J. Wiche, A. V. Vecchia, Leon Osborne, Carrie M. Wood, James T. Fay
2000, Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4174
Devils Lake is a natural lake in northeastern North Dakota that is the terminus of a nearly 4,000-square-mile subbasin in the Red River of the North Basin. The lake has not reached its natural spill elevation to the Sheyenne River (a tributary of the Red River of the North) in...
A dynamic landscape model for fish in the Everglades and its application to restoration
H.D. Gaff, D.L. DeAngelis, L.J. Gross, R. Salinas, M. Shorrosh
2000, Ecological Modelling (127) 33-52
A model (ALFISH) for fish functional groups in freshwater marshes of the greater Everglades area of southern Florida has been developed. Its main objective is to assess the spatial pattern of fish densities through time across freshwater marshes. This model has the capability of providing a dynamic measure of the...
Coupled atmosphere-biophysics-hydrology models for environmental modeling
R. L. Walko, L.E. Band, Jill Baron, T.G.F. Kittel, R. Lammers, T.J. Lee, D. Ojima, R.A. Pielke Sr., C. Taylor, C. Tague, C.J. Tremback, P.L. Vidale
2000, Journal of Applied Meteorology (39) 931-944
The formulation and implementation of LEAF-2, the Land Ecosystem–Atmosphere Feedback model, which comprises the representation of land–surface processes in the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS), is described. LEAF-2 is a prognostic model for the temperature and water content of soil, snow cover, vegetation, and canopy air, and includes turbulent and...
USGS investigations of rural Arizona watersheds; hydrogeology of the Coconino Plateau; background and current status
Donald J. Bills, M.E. Flynn, Betsy Woodhouse
2000, Conference Paper, First Coconino Plateau hydrology workshop
No abstract available....
Geochemical investigations by the U.S. Geological Survey on uranium mining, milling, and environmental restoration
Edward R. Landa, Charles A. Cravotta, David L. Naftz, Philip L. Verplanck, D. Kirk Nordstrom, Robert A. Zielinski
2000, Technology (7) 381-396
Recent research by the U.S. Geological Survey has characterized contaminant sources and identified important geochemical processes that influence transport of radionuclides from uranium mining and milling wastes. 1) Selective extraction studies indicated that alkaline earth sulfates and hydrous ferric oxides are important hosts of 226Ra in uranium mill tailings. The...
Potential for nonenzymatic reduction of Fe(III) via electron shuttling in subsurface sediments
Kelly P. Nevin, Derek R. Lovely
2000, Environmental Science & Technology (34) 2472-2478
The potential for various substances to serve as electron shuttles between Fe(III)-reducing microorganisms and insoluble Fe(III) oxides in aquifer sediments was evaluated in order to determine whether abiological mechanisms might play a role in the apparent microbial reduction of Fe(III) in subsurface sediments. Humic substances (humics) and the humics analogue,...
Determining timescales for groundwater flow and solute transport
Peter G. Cook, J.K. Bohlke
Peter G. Cook, Andrew L. Herczeg, editor(s)
2000, Book chapter, Environmental tracers in subsurface hydrology
One of the principal uses of environmental tracers is for determining the ages of soil waters and groundwaters. (We may refer to this as ‘hydrochronology’by analogy with the dating of solid materials known as geochronology.) Information on soil water and groundwater age enables timescales for a range of subsurface processes...
Approaches to modelling uranium (VI) adsorption on natural mineral assemblages
T.D. Waite, J.A. Davis, B.R. Fenton, T.E. Payne
2000, Radiochimica Acta (88) 687-696
Component additivity (CA) and generalised composite (GC) approaches to deriving a suitable surface complexation model for description of U(VI) adsorption to natural mineral assemblages are pursued in this paper with good success. A single, ferrihydrite-like component is found to reasonably describe uranyl uptake to a number of kaolinitic iron-rich natural...
The disparity between extreme rainfall events and rare floods - with emphasis on the semi-arid American West
W. R. Osterkamp, Jonathan M. Friedman
2000, Hydrological Processes (14) 2817-2829
Research beginning 40 years ago suggested that semi-arid lands of the USA have higher unit discharges for a given recurrence interval than occur in other areas. Convincing documentation and arguments for this suspicion, however, were not presented. Thus, records of measured rainfall intensities for specified durations and recurrence intervals, and...
An organized signal in snowmelt runoff over the western United States
D. H. Peterson, R. E. Smith, M. D. Dettinger, D.R. Cayan, L. Riddle
2000, Journal of the American Water Resources Association (36) 421-432
Daily-to-weekly discharge during the snowmelt season is highly correlated among river basins in the upper elevations of the central and southern Sierra Nevada (Carson, Walker, Tuolumne, Merced, San Joaquin, Kings, and Kern Rivers). In many cases, the upper Sierra Nevada watershed operates in a single mode (with varying catchment amplitudes)....
Treatment of internal sources in the finite-volume ELLAM
R. W. Healy
Bentley L.R., Sykes J.F., Brebbia C.A., Gray W.G., Pinder G.F., editor(s)
2000, Conference Paper, Computational methods in water resources - Volume 2 - Computational methods,surface water systems and hydrology
The finite-volume Eulerian-Lagrangian localized adjoint method (FVELLAM) is a mass-conservative approach for solving the advection-dispersion equation. The method has been shown to be accurate and efficient for solving advection-dominated problems of solute transport in ground water in 1, 2, and 3 dimensions. Previous implementations of FVELLAM have had difficulty in...
The fate of haloacetic acids and trihalomethanes in an aquifer storage and recovery program, Las Vegas, Nevada
J. M. Thomas, W.A. McKay, E. Colec, J. E. Landmeyer, P. M. Bradley
2000, Ground Water (38) 605-614
The fate of disinfection byproducts during aquifer storage and recovery (ASR) is evaluated for aquifers in Southern Nevada. Rapid declines of haloacetic acid (HAA) concentrations during ASR, with associated little change in Cl concentration, indicate that HAAs decline primarily by in situ microbial oxidation. Dilution is only a minor contributor...
