Potential effects of climate change on aquatic ecosystems of the Great Plains of North America
A.P. Covich, S.C. Fritz, P.J. Lamb, R.D. Marzolf, W.J. Matthews, K.A. Poiani, E.E. Prepas, M.B. Richman, T. C. Winter
1997, Hydrological Processes (11) 993-1021
The Great Plains landscape is less topographically complex than most other regions within North America, but diverse aquatic ecosystems, such as playas, pothole lakes, ox-bow lakes, springs, groundwater aquifers, intermittent and ephemeral streams, as well as large rivers and wetlands, are highly dynamic and responsive to extreme climatic fluctuations. We...
Physical stratigraphy and hydrostratigraphy of Upper Cretaceous and Paleocene sediments, Burke and Screven Counties, Georgia
W. F. Falls, J. S. Baum, D.C. Prowell
1997, Southeastern Geology (36) 153-176
Six geologic units are recognized in the Cretaceous and the Paleocene sediments of eastern Burke and Screven Counties in Georgia on the basis of lithologic, geophysical, and paleontologic data collected from three continuously cored testholes in Georgia and one testhole in South Carolina. The six geologic units are separated by...
Nuclear magnetic resonance identification of new sulfonic acid metabolites of chloroacetanilide herbicides
M.D. Morton, F.H. Walters, D.S. Aga, E.M. Thurman, C.K. Larive
1997, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry (45) 1240-1243
The detection of the sulfonic acid metabolites of the chloroacetanilide herbicides acetochlor, alachlor, butachlor, propachlor, and, more recently, metolachlor in surface and ground water suggests that a common mechanism for dechlorination exists via the glutathione conjugation pathway. The identification of these herbicides and their metabolites is important due to growing...
Quantifying macropore recharge: Examples from a semi-arid area
W.W. Wood, Ken A. Rainwater, D.B. Thompson
1997, Ground Water (35) 1097-1105
The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the significantly increased resolution of determining macropore recharge by combining physical, chemical, and isotopic methods of analysis. Techniques for quantifying macropore recharge were developed for both small-scale (1 to 10 km2) and regional-scale areas in and semi-arid areas. The Southern High Plains...
Pesticides in the San Joaquin River, California: Inputs from dormant sprayed orchards
Joseph L. Domagalski, N. M. Dubrovsky, C.R. Kratzer
1997, Journal of Environmental Quality (26) 454-465
Rainfall-induced runoff mobilized pesticides to the San Joaquin River and its tributaries during a 3.8-cm rainstorm beginning the evening of 7 February and lasting through the morning of 8 Feb. 1993. Two distinct peaks of organophosphate pesticide concentrations were measured at the mouth of the San...
Fractured-aquifer hydrogeology from geophysical logs; the passaic formation, New Jersey
R. H. Morin, G.B. Carleton, S. Poirier
1997, Ground Water (35) 328-338
The Passaic Formation consists of gradational sequences of mudstone, siltstone, and sandstone, and is a principal aquifer in central New Jersey. Ground‐water flow is primarily controlled by fractures interspersed throughout these sedimentary rocks and characterizing these fractures in terms of type, orientation, spatial distribution, frequency, and...
Effects of solution mining of salt on wetland hydrology as inferred from tree rings
Thomas M. Yanosky, William M. Kappel
1997, Water Resources Research (33) 457-470
Radial growth and concentrations of selected elements within rings were studied in white pine (Pinus strobus) trees from a wetland in central New York approximately 5 km north of a salt-solution mining field that operated from 1889 to 1988. Trees seemingly document three sequential episodes of mine-induced alterations of groundwater...
Method for determination of methyl tert-butyl ether and its degradation products in water
C.D. Church, L.M. Isabelle, J. F. Pankow, D.L. Rose, P.G. Tratnyek
1997, Environmental Science & Technology (31) 3723-3726
An analytical method is described that can detect the major alkyl ether compounds that are used as gasoline oxygenates (methyl tert-butyl ether, MTBE; ethyl tert-butyl ether, ETBE; and tert-amyl methyl ether, TAME) and their most characteristic degradation products (tert-butyl alcohol, TBA; tert-butyl formate, TBF; and tert-amyl alcohol, TAA) in water...
Climatic/Hydrologic Oscillations since 155,000 yr B.P. at Owens Lake, California, Reflected in Abundance and Stable Isotope Composition of Sediment Carbonate
K.M. Menking, J. L. Bischoff, J.A. Fitzpatrick, J.W. Burdette, R. O. Rye
1997, Quaternary Research (48) 58-68
Sediment grain size, carbonate content, and stable isotopes in 70-cm-long (∼1500-yr) channel samples from Owens Lake core OL-92 record many oscillations representing climate change in the eastern Sierra Nevada region since 155,000 yr B.P. To first order, the records match well the marine δ18O record. At Owens Lake, however,...
Herbicides and their metabolites in rainfall: Origin, transport, and deposition patterns across the midwestern and northeastern United States, 1990-1991
D. A. Goolsby, E.M. Thurman, M.L. Pomes, M. T. Meyer, W.A. Battaglin
1997, Environmental Science & Technology (31) 1325-1333
Herbicides were detected in rainfall throughout the midwestern and northeastern United States during late spring and summer of 1990 and 1991. Herbicide concentrations exhibited distinct geographic and seasonal patterns. The highest concentrations occurred in midwestern cornbelt states following herbicide application to cropland. Volume-weighted concentrations of 0.2−0.4 μg/L...
Temporal variability in the hydrologic regimes of the United States
E. F. Hubbard, J.M. Landwehr, A.R. Barker
1997, IAHS-AISH Publication (246) 97-103
Discharge records where flows have not been subject to overt anthropogenic controls have been identified for over 1500 streamflow gauging stations throughout the United States in the US Geological Survey Hydro-Climatic Data Network. These stations fall within all 21 water resources regions of the United States. Analysis of runoff in...
Relationships between salt marsh loss and dredged canals in three Louisiana Estuaries
A.S. Bass, R.E. Turner
1997, Journal of Coastal Research (13) 895-903
Coastal land loss rates were quantified for 27 salt marshes in three estuaries of the Louisiana Mississippi Deltaic plain: Barataria, Terrebonne and St. Bernard. The sites ranged from 23 ha to 908 ha and the total area of all sites was 6,367 ha. Two methods were used to calculate open...
Effects of exchanged cation on the microporosity of montmorillonite
David W. Rutherford, Cary T. Chiou, Dennis D. Eberl
1997, Clays and Clay Minerals (45) 534-543
The micropore volumes of 2 montmorillonites (SAz-1 and SWy-1), each exchanged with Ca, Na, K, Cs and tetramethylammonium (TMA) ions, were calculated from the measured vapor adsorption data of N2 and neo-hexane by use of t- and αs-plots. The corresponding surface areas of the exchanged clays were determined from Brunauer-Emmett-Teller...
Use of geochemical mass balance modelling to evaluate the role of weathering in determining stream chemistry in five mid-Atlantic watersheds on different lithologies
Anne K. O’Brien, Karen C. Rice, Owen P. Bricker, Margaret M. Kennedy, R. Todd Anderson
1997, Hydrological Processes (11) 719-744
The importance of mineral weathering was assessed and compared for five mid-Atlantic watersheds receiving similar atmospheric inputs but underlain by differing bedrock. Annual solute mass balances and volume-weighted mean solute concentrations were calculated for each watershed for each year of record. In addition, primary and secondary mineralogy were determined for...
Complex response of a midcontinent north America drainage system to late Wisconsinan sedimentation
E. Arthur Bettis III, W.J. Autin
1997, Journal of Sedimentary Research (67) 740-748
The geomorphic evolution of Mud Creek basin in eastern Iowa, U.S.A. serves to illustrate how geomorphic influences such as sediment supply, valley gradient, climate, and vegetation are recorded in the alluvial stratigraphic record. Sediment supply to the fluvial system increased significantly during the...
Resolution of matrix effects on analysis of total and methyl mercury in aqueous samples from the Florida Everglades
M.L. Olson, L.B. Cleckner, J.P. Hurley, D. P. Krabbenhoft, T.W. Heelan
1997, Fresenius' Journal of Analytical Chemistry (358) 392-396
Aqueous samples from the Florida Everglades present several problems for the analysis of total mercury (HgT) and methyl mercury (MeHg). Constituents such as dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and sulfide at selected sites present particular challenges due to interferences with standard analytical techniques. This is manifested by 1) the inability...
Multiphase flow modeling of a crude-oil spill site with a bimodal permeability distribution
Leslie A. Dillard, Hedeff I. Essaid, William N. Herkelrath
1997, Water Resources Research (33) 1617-1632
Fluid saturation, particle-size distribution, and porosity measurements were obtained from 269 core samples collected from six boreholes along a 90-m transect at a subregion of a crude-oil spill site, the north pool, near Bemidji, Minnesota. The oil saturation data, collected 11 years after the spill, showed an irregularly shaped oil...
Use of chemical and isotopic tracers to characterize the interactions between ground water and surface water in mantled karst
B. G. Katz, T.B. Coplen, T.D. Bullen, J. Hal Davis
1997, Ground Water (35) 1014-1028
In the mantled karst terrane of northern Florida, the water quality of the Upper Floridan aquifer is influenced by the degree of connectivity between the aquifer and the surface. Chemical and isotopic analyses [18O/16O (δ18O), 2H/1H (δD), 13C/12C (δ13C), tritium (3H), and strontium‐87/strontium‐86 (87Sr/86Sr)] along with geochemical mass‐balance modeling were used to...
Evaluation of unconfined-aquifer parameters from pumping test data by nonlinear least squares
M. Heidari, A. Moench
1997, Journal of Hydrology (192) 300-313
Nonlinear least squares (NLS) with automatic differentiation was used to estimate aquifer parameters from drawdown data obtained from published pumping tests conducted in homogeneous, water-table aquifers. The method is based on a technique that seeks to minimize the squares of residuals between observed and calculated drawdown subject to bounds that...
Effects of reduced wastewater phosphate concentrations in South San Francisco Bay
S.W. Hager, L. E. Schemel
1997, Interagency Ecological Program Newsletter (10) 11-12
No abstract available....
Status, trends, and changes in freshwater inflows to bay systems in the Corpus Christi Bay National Estuary Program study area
W.H. Asquith, J. G. Mosier, P. W. Bush
1997, Report
This report presents the results of a study to quantify current (1983–93) mean freshwater inflows to the six bay systems (open water and wetlands) in the Corpus Christi Bay National Estuary Program study area, to test for historical temporal trends in inflows, and to quantify historical and projected changes in...
Assimilation efficiencies and turnover rates of trace elements in marine bivalves: A comparison of oysters, clams and mussels
J.R. Reinfelder, W.-X. Wang, S. N. Luoma, N.S. Fisher
1997, Marine Biology (129) 443-452
Assimilation efficiencies (AEs) and physiological turnover-rate constants (k) of six trace elements (Ag, Am, Cd, Co, Se, Zn) in four marine bivalves (Crassostrea virginica Gmelin,Macoma balthica Linnaeus, Mercenaria mercenaria Linnaeus, and Mytilus edulis Linnaeus) were measured in radiotracer-depuration experiments. Egestion rates of unassimilated elements were highest...
Modeling fish dynamics and effects of stress in a hydrologically pulsed ecosystem
Donald L. DeAngelis, William F. Loftus, Joel C. Trexler, Robert E. Ulanowicz
1997, Journal of Aquatic Ecosystem Stress and Recovery (6) 1-13
Many wetlands undergo seasonal cycles in precipitation and water depth.This environmental seasonality is echoed in patterns of production of fishbiomass, which, in turn, influence the phenology of other components of thefood web, including wading birds. Human activities, such as drainage orother alterations of the hydrology, can exacerbate these natural cycles...
In situ stress and fracture permeability along the Stillwater fault zone, Dixie Valley Nevada
S.H. Hickman, C. A. Barton, Mark D. Zoback, R. Morin, J. Sass, R. Benoit
1997, International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts (34) 414
Borehole televiewer and hydrologic logging and hydraulic fracturing stress measurements were carried out in a 2.7-km-deep geothermal production well (73B-7) drilled into the Stillwater fault zone. Precision temperature and spinner flowmeter logs were also acquired in well 73B-7, with and without simultaneously injecting water into the well. Localized perturbations to...
Hydrogeologic framework of western Cape Cod, Massachusetts
John P. Masterson, Byron D. Stone, Donald A. Walter, Jennifer G. Savoie
1997, Hydrologic Atlas 741
The aquifer of western Cape Cod consists of several hydrogeologic units composed of sand, gravel, silt, and clay (fig. 1) that were deposited during the late Wisconsinan glaciation of New England. The aquifer is a shallow, unconfined hydrologic system in which ground-water flows radially outward from the apex of the...
