Decline in long-term growth trends of white oak
R.L. Phipps, J.C. Whiton
1988, Canadian Journal of Forest Research (18) 24-32
Quercus alba tree-ring collections from 89 locations throughout much of its range, from Connecticut to North Carolina to Iowa, were examined for evidence of growth decline initiated in the 1950s. The expected trend of annual basal area increments, based on pre-1950 growth, appears to be linear, with the slope varying...
Regression estimates for topological‐hydrograph input
Michael R. Karlinger, D. Phillip Guertin, Brent M. Troutman
1988, Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management (114) 446-456
Physiographic, hydrologic, and rainfall data from 18 small drainage basins in semiarid, central Wyoming were used to calibrate topological, unit‐hydrograph models for celerity, the average rate of travel of a flood wave through the basin. The data set consisted of basin characteristics and hydrologic data for the 18 basins and...
The plumbotectonic model for Pb isotopic systematics among major terrestrial reservoirs: A case for bi-directional transport
R. E. Zartman, S.M. Haines
1988, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (52) 1327-1339
Version IV of plumbotectonics expands and refines the original model of Doe and Zartman (1979) and Zartman and Doe (1981) for explaining Pb (Sr, and Nd) isotopic systematics among major terrestrial reservoirs. A case for bi-directional transport among reservoirs is based on the observed isotopic compositions for different tectonic settings, and finds a rationale...
A note on the recent natural gradient tracer test at the Borden Site
R.L. Naff, T.-C. Jim Yeh, M.W. Kemblowski
1988, Water Resources Research (24) 2099-2103
The variance in particle position, a measure of dispersion, is reviewed in the context of certain models of flow in random porous media. Asymptotic results for a highly stratified medium and an isotropic medium are particularly highlighted. Results of the natural gradient tracer test at the Borden site are reviewed...
Predation, herbivory and kelp evolution
J. A. Estes, P.D. Steinberg
1988, Paleobiology (14) 19-36
We propose that the kelps (Laminariales) radiated in the North Pacific following the onset of late Cenozoic polar cooling. The evidence is that (1) extant kelps occur exclusively in cold-water habitats; (2) all but one of 27 kelp genera occur in the North Pacific, 19 of these exclusively; and (3)...
The effect of mining on the sediment - trace element geochemistry of cores from the Cheyenne River arm of Lake Oahe, South Dakota, U.S.A.
A. J. Horowitz, K. A. Elrick, E. Callender
1988, Chemical Geology (67) 17-33
Six cores, ranging in length from 1 to 2 m, were collected in the Cheyenne River arm of Lake Oahe, South Dakota, to investigate potential impacts from gold-mining operations around Lead, South Dakota. Sedimentation rates in the river arm appear to be event-dominated and rapid, on the order of 6-7...
The geometric signature: Quantifying landslide-terrain types from digital elevation models
R.J. Pike
1988, Mathematical Geology (20) 491-511
Topography of various types and scales can be fingerprinted by computer analysis of altitude matrices (digital elevation models, or DEMs). The critical analytic tool is the geometric signature, a set of measures that describes topographic form well enough to distinguish among geomorphically disparate landscapes. Different surficial processes create topography with...
FUTURE APPLICATIONS OF EXPERT SYSTEMS FOR THE EVALUATION OF ENERGY RESOURCES.
Betty M. Miller
1988, JPT, Journal of Petroleum Technology (40) 348-352
The loss of professional experience and expertise in the domain of the earth sciences may prove to be one of the most serious outcomes of the boom-and-bust cyclic nature of the volatile energy and mining industries. Promising new applications of powerful computer systems, known as 'expert systems' or 'knowledge-based systems',...
Spatial variation of crustal coda Q in California
W.S. Philips, W.H.K. Lee, J.T. Newberry
1988, Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH (128) 251-260
Coda wave data from California microearthquakes were studied in order to delineate regional fluctuations of apparent crustal attenuation in the band 1.5 to 24 Hz. Apparent attenuation was estimated using a single back scattering model of coda waves. The coda wave data were restricted to ???30 s following the origin...
Near-bottom currents over the continental slope in the Mid-Atlantic Bight
G.T. Csanady, J.H. Churchill, B. Butman
1988, Continental Shelf Research (8) 653-671
From a set of 28 current meter records we have found that near-bottom currents faster than 0.2 m s-1 occur frequently over the outer continental shelf of the Mid-Atlantic Bight (bottom depth <210 m) but very rarely (<1% of the time) between bottom depths of 500 m and 2 km...
Nationwide regression models for predicting urban runoff water quality at unmonitored sites
Gary D. Tasker, N. E. Driver
1988, Water Resources Bulletin (24) 1091-1101
Regression models are presented that can be used to estimate mean loads for chemical oxygen demand, suspended solids, dissolved solids, total nitrogen, total ammonia plus nitrogen, total phosphorous, dissolved phosphorous, total copper, total lead, and total zinc at unmonitored sites in urban areas. Explanatory variables include drainage area, imperviousness of...
Gravity-induced stresses in stratified rock masses
B. Amadei, H.S. Swolfs, W. Z. Savage
1988, Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering (21) 1-20
This paper presents closed-form solutions for the stress field induced by gravity in anisotropic and stratified rock masses. These rocks are assumed to be laterally restrained. The rock mass consists of finite mechanical units, each unit being modeled as a homogeneous, transversely isotropic or isotropic linearly elastic material. The following...
Geochemistry of water at Cajon Pass, California: Preliminary results
Y.K. Kharaka, G. Ambats, William C. Evans, A. F. White
1988, Geophysical Research Letters (15) 1037-1040
Samples of water and associated gases were collected from the Cajon Pass well using downhole samplers, and from the pipe stands at the completion of drill stem tests. The fluids were recovered from fracture systems in granitic rocks from two uncased test intervals located at 1,829...
The Land Analysis System (LAS) for multispectral image processing
S. W. Wharton, Y. C. Lu, Bruce K. Quirk, Lyndon R. Oleson, J. A. Newcomer, Frederick M. Irani
1988, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (26) 693-697
The Land Analysis System (LAS) is an interactive software system available in the public domain for the analysis, display, and management of multispectral and other digital image data. LAS provides over 240 applications functions and utilities, a flexible user interface, complete online and hard-copy documentation, extensive image-data file management, reformatting,...
The formation and failure of natural dams
John E. Costa, Robert L. Schuster
1988, Geological Society of America Bulletin (100) 1054-1068
Of the numerous kinds of dams that form by natural processes, dams formed from landslides, glacial ice, and late-neoglacial moraines present the greatest threat to people and property. Landslide dams form in a wide range of physiographic settings. The most common types of mass movements that form landslide dams are...
The seismic radiation from composite models of faulting
J. Boatwright
1988, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (78) 489-508
The failure of an asperity, i.e., the dynamic rupture of a small fault area with finite stress drop surrounded by a broken or weak fault area which has no stress drop but which slips after the asperity fails, is proposed as a model for the rupture process of a subevent...
Fixed-wing airplane versus helicopter surveys of manatees (Trichechus manatus)
Galen B. Rathbun
1988, Marine Mammal Science (4) 71-75
The abundance of manatees, as with most marine mammals, is difficult to determine because they are visible for only short periods of time while at the surface of the water (Eberhardt et al. 1979, Powell et al. 1981). Aerial surveys are generally considered to be the most accurate method of...
Waveform modelling using locked-mode synthetic and differential seismograms: application to determination of the structure of Mexico
J.S. Gomberg, T. Guy Masters
1988, Geophysical Journal International (94) 193-218
We have developed algorithms for modelling seismic waveforms to constrain regional Earth structure. The seismogram is represented as a sum of locked-mode travelling waves in a layered medium. This representation is convenient as it allows us to model structures with slowly varying heterogeneity and to construct differential seismograms. Describes the...
The role of mantle CO2 in volcanism
I. Barnes, William C. Evans, L. D. White
1988, Applied Geochemistry (3) 281-285
Carbon dioxide is the propellant gas in volcanic eruptions and is also found in mantle xenoliths. It is speculated that CO2 occurs as a free gas phase in the mantle because there is no reason to expect CO2 to be so universally associated with volcanic rocks unless the CO2 comes...
Microbial methane in the shallow Paleozoic sediments and glacial deposits of Illinois, U.S.A.
D.D. Coleman, Chao-Li Liu, K.M. Riley
1988, Chemical Geology (71) 23-40
Methane formed by the microbial decomposition of buried organic matter is virtually ubiquitous in the groundwaters of Illinois. Chemical and carbon isotopic compositions are reported for gas samples collected from over 200 private and municipal water wells and from 39 small gas wells completed in glacial deposits (drift-gas wells). Carbon...
Accumulation and bioconcentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in a nearshore estuarine environment near a Pensacola (Florida) creosote contamination site
J. F. Elder, P.V. Dresler
1988, Environmental Pollution (49) 117-132
Long-term accumulation of creosote wastes at a wood-preserving facility near Pensacola, Florida, has produced high levels of organic contamination of groundwaters near Pensacola Bay. Impacts of this contamination on the nearshore environment of the bay were examined by analysis of water, sediment and tissues of two mollusc species. One of...
Thermal regime of the State 2-14 well, Salton Sea Scientific Drilling Project
J.H. Sass, S. S. Priest, L.E. Duda, C.C. Carson, J. D. Hendricks, L.C. Robison
1988, Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth (93) 12995-13004
Temperature logs were made repeatedly during breaks in drilling and both during and after flow tests in the Salton Sea Scientific Drilling Project well (State 2–14). The purpose of these logs was to assist in identifying zones of fluid loss or grain and to characterize reservoir temperatures. At the conclusion...
Rare earth elements in the phosphatic-enriched sediment of the Peru shelf
D.Z. Piper, P. A. Baedecker, J.G. Crock, W. C. Burnett, B.J. Loebner
1988, Marine Geology (80) 269-285
Apatite-enriched materials from the Peru shelf have been analyzed for their major oxide and rare earth element (REE) concentrations. The samples consist of (1) the fine fraction of sediment, mostly clay material, (2) phosphatic pellets and fish debris, which are dispersed throughout the fine-grained sediment, (3) tabular-shaped phosphatic crusts, which...
Microbial hydroxylation of quinoline in contaminated groundwater: evidence for incorporation of the oxygen atom of water.
W. E. Pereira, C.E. Rostad, T.J. Leiker, D.M. Updegraff, J.L. Bennett
1988, Applied and Environmental Microbiology (54) 827-829
Studies conducted in an aquifer contaminated by creosote suggest that quinoline is converted to 2(1H)quinolinone by an indigenous consortium of microorganisms. Laboratory microbial experiments using H218O indicate that water is the source of the oxygen atom for this hydroxylation reaction under aerobic and anaerobic conditions....
Seismic stratigraphy of the Mississippi-Alabama shelf and upper continental slope
J. L. Kindinger
1988, Marine Geology (83) 79-94
The Mississippi-Alabama shelf and upper continental slope contain relatively thin Upper Pleistocene and Holocene deposits. Five stages of shelf evolution can be identified from the early Wisconsinan to present. The stages were controlled by glacioeustatic or relative sea-level changes and are...
