Deep scientific drilling in the San Andreas Fault Zone
Stephen H. Hickman, Mark D. Zoback, Leland Younker, William L. Ellsworth
1994, Eos Science News (75) 137-141
A deep scientific drilling experiment in San Andreas fault zone would provide data essential to understanding the structure, composition, mechanical behavior, and physical state of an active, major plate-boundary fault. Toward this end, we are working with an international team of scientists and engineers to propose a long-term, integrated program...
Comparison of drilling reports and detailed geophysical analysis of ground-water production in bedrock wells
Frederick Paillet, Russell Duncanson
1994, Groundwater (32) 200-206
The most extensive data base for fractured bedrock aquifers consists of drilling reports maintained by various state agencies. We investigated the accuracy and reliability of such reports by comparing a representative set of reports for nine wells drilled by conventional air percussion methods in granite with a suite of geophysical...
Modeling of soil water retention from saturation to oven dryness
Cinzia Rossi, John R. Nimmo
1994, Water Resources Research (30) 701-708
Most analytical formulas used to model moisture retention in unsaturated porous media have been developed for the wet range and are unsuitable for applications in which low water contents are important. We have developed two models that fit the entire range from saturation to oven dryness in a practical and...
Movements of water, solutes, and stable isotopes in the unsaturated zones of two sand plains in the upper Midwest
Stephen C. Komor, Douglas G. Emerson
1994, Water Resources Research (30) 253-267
Four month-long field experiments investigated movements of water and solutes through unsaturated sand plains near Princeton, Minnesota, and Oakes, North Dakota. Atrazine and bromide were applied to bare soils and soils planted with corn. The field plots were irrigated according to local farming practices. At the end of each experiment,...
Lake-atmosphere feedbacks associated with paleolakes Bonneville and Lahontan
S. W. Hostetler, F. Giorgi, G. T. Bates, P. J. Bartlein
1994, Science (263) 665-668
A high-resolution, regional climate model nested within a general circulation model was used to study the interactions between the atmosphere and the large Pleistocene lakes in the Great Basin of the United States. Simulations for January and July 18,000 years ago indicate that moisture provided by synoptic-scale atmospheric circulation features...
Evaluation of measurement scale using imbibition experiments in volcanic tuffs
Alan L. Flint, Lorraine E. Flint, Kenneth A. Richards
1994, Soil Science Society of America Journal (58) 94-102
A major issue in the site characterization at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, a potential site for a high-level nuclear waste repository, is the relevance of laboratory-scale measurements on cores to field-scale processes, particularly water flow. Calculation of Philip`s sorptivity parameter using imbibition of water into rock was selected as a simple...
The use of simulation and multiple environmental tracers to quantify groundwater flow in a shallow aquifer
Thomas E. Reilly, Niel Plummer, Patrick J. Phillips, Eurybiades Busenberg
1994, Water Resources Research (30) 421-433
Measurements of the concentrations of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), tritium, and other environmental tracers can be used to calculate recharge ages of shallow groundwater and estimate rates of groundwater movement. Numerical simulation also provides quantitative estimates of flow rates, flow paths, and mixing properties of the groundwater system. The environmental tracer techniques...
Hydrology and quality of ground water in northern Thurston County, Washington
N. P. Dion, G. L. Turney, M. A. Jones
1994, Water-Resources Investigations Report 92-4109
Northern Thurston County is underlain by as much as 1,000 feet of unconsolidated deposits of Pleistocene Age, that are of both glacial and nonglacial origin. Interpretation of 17 geologic sections led to the delineation of 7 major geohydrologic units, 3 of which constitute aquifers in the area. Precipitation ranges from...
Fate and pathways of injection-well effluent in the Florida Keys
Eugene A. Shinn, Ronald S. Reese, Christopher D. Reich
1994, Open-File Report 94-276
Twenty-four wells (21 locations) were core drilled into the limestone beneath the Keys, reef tract, and outer reefs to determine if sewage effluents injected in Class V wells onshore are reaching offshore reef areas via underground flow. These wells were fitted with PVC casings and well screens and were...
Analysis of nitrogen saturation potential in Rocky Mountain tundra and forest: implications for aquatic systems
Jill S. Baron, Dennis S. Ojima, Elisabeth A. Holland, William J. Parton
1994, Biogeochemistry (27) 61-82
We employed grass and forest versions of the CENTURY model under a range of N deposition values (0.02–1.60 g N m−2 y−1) to explore the possibility that high observed lake and stream N was due to terrestrial N saturation of alpine tundra and subalpine forest in Loch Vale Watershed, Rocky...
Long-term ecosystem and watershed change: U.S./Russia bilateral research at the OKA Reserve, Russia
R. Herrmann, Y. Puzachenko, L. R. Boring, A. Sankovsky, R. Pierce
1994, Book, Global regional issues in environmental hydrology: Proceedings of the second USA/CIS conference on environmental hydrology and hydroecology
No abstract available....
Evolution of instream flow habitat modelling
C. B. Stalnaker
1994, Book chapter, The Rivers Handbook: Hydrological and Ecological Principles
No abstract available....
National standards and guidelines for pesticides in water, sediment, and aquatic organisms
L.H. Nowell, E.A. Resek
1994, Book chapter, Reviews of environmental contamination and toxicology
The effects of pesticides1 on water quality commonly are assessed by comparing measured concentrations of individual pesticide compounds in the environment with concentrations that have been determined to have potential adverse effects on humans, aquatic organisms, or other beneficial uses of water. Direct evaluation of the adverse effects of every pesticide...
Field and modeling studies of multiphase fluid flow at the Bemidji, Minnesota crude-oil spill site
Hedeff I. Essaid, William N. Herkelrath, L.A. Dillard
A.R. Dutton, editor(s)
1994, Book chapter, Toxic substances and the hydrologic sciences
No abstract available....
Mantle helium in the groundwater of the Mirror Lake Basin, New Hampshire, USA, 1994
T. Torgersen, S. Drenkard, K. Farley, P. Schlosser, Allen M. Shapiro
1994, Book chapter, Noble gas geochemistry and cosmoschemistry
Helium isotope analyses of ground waters from the Mirror Lake drainage basin in central New Hampshire (USA) show helium in excess of air-saturated water by up to 200x. The freon ages of these waters are younger than 50 years, consistent with the local hydrology. This excess helium has an isotope...
Distribution and occurrence of organic acids in subsurface waters
P.D. Lundegard, Yousif K. Kharaka
1994, Book chapter, Organic acids in geological processes
No abstract available....
Three-dimensional D4Z renumbering for iterative solution of ground-water flow and transport equations
Kenneth L. Kipp, J.S. Otto, Thomas F. Russell
1994, Book chapter, Computational methods in water resources
No abstract available. ...
Hydrological controls on dissolved organic carbon during snowmelt in the Snake River near Montezuma, Colorado
G.M. Hornberger, Kenneth E. Bencala, D.M. McKnight
1994, Biogeochemistry (25) 147-165
A quantitative understanding of the factors controlling the variation of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in headwater streams is of scientific concern for at least two reasons. First, quantifying the overall carbon budgets of lotic systems is needed for a fundamental understanding of these systems. Second, DOC interacts strongly with other...
Wastewater treatment and groundwater contamination
J.A. Field, Larry B. Barber
1994, Book chapter, Groundwater contamination and control
No abstract available....
Use of oxygen-18 and deuterium to assess the hydrology of groundwater-lake systems
David P. Krabbenhoft, Carl J. Bowser, Carol Kendall, Joel R. Gat
1994, Book chapter, Environmental chemistry of lakes and reservoirs
A thorough understanding of a lake's hydrology is essential for many lake studies. In some situations the interactions between groundwater systems and lakes are complex; in other cases the hydrology of a multilake system needs to be quantified. In such places, stable isotopes offer an alternative to the more traditional...
Biogeochemical transformations of selenium in anoxic environments
Ronald S. Oremland
W.T. Frankenberger, S. Benson, editor(s)
1994, Book chapter, Selenium in the environment
No abstract available. ...
Map showing surficial and hydrologic features in the vicinity of New Madrid, Missouri
Russell L. Wheeler, Susan Rhea
1994, Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 2264-E
This is one in a series of five seismotectonic maps of the seismically active New Madrid area in southeast Missouri and adjacent parts of Arkansas, Kentucky, and Tennessee (table 1). ). We cannot legibly show all the seismotectonic data on a single map, therefore each of the five maps in...
Testing and comparison of four ionic tracers to measure stream flow loss by multiple tracer injection
G. W. Zellweger
1994, Hydrological Processes (8) 155-165
The ionic tracers lithium, sodium, chloride and bromide were used to measure flow loss in a small stream (≈︁ 10 ls−1). An injectate containing all four tracers was added continuously at five sites along a 507 m study reach of St Kevin Gulch, Lake County, Colorado to determine which sections...
In search of earthquake-related hydrologic and chemical changes along Hayward Fault
C.-Y. King, D. Basler, T. S. Presser, William C. Evans, L. D. White, A. Minissale
1994, Applied Geochemistry (9) 83-91
Flow and chemical measurements have been made about once a month, and more frequently when required, since 1976 at two springs in Alum Rock Park in eastern San Jose, California, and since 1980 at two shallow wells in eastern Oakland in search of earthquake-related changes. All sites are on or...
Welded tuff porosity characterization using mercury intrusion, nitrogen and ethylene glycol monoethyl ether sorption and epifluorescence microscopy
M.M. Reddy, H.C. Claassen, D.W. Rutherford, C. T. Chiou
1994, Applied Geochemistry (9) 491-499
Porosity of welded tuff from Snowshoe Mountain, Colorado, was characterized by mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP), nitrogen sorption porosimetry, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether (EGME) gas phase sorption and epifluorescence optical microscopy. Crushed tuff of two particle-size fractions (1-0.3 mm and less than 0.212...
