Ore genesis constraints on the Idaho Cobalt Belt from fluid inclusion gas, noble gas isotope, and ion ratio analyses
Albert H. Hofstra, Gary P. Landis
2012, Economic Geology (107) 1189-1205
The Idaho cobalt belt is a 60-km-long alignment of deposits composed of cobaltite, Co pyrite, chalcopyrite, and gold with anomalous Nb, Y, Be, and rare-earth elements (REEs) in a quartz-biotite-tourmaline gangue hosted in Mesoproterozoic metasedimentary rocks of the Lemhi Group. It is the largest cobalt resource in the United States...
Kansas Energy Sources: A Geological Review
D. F. Merriam, L. L. Brady, K.D. Newell
2012, Natural Resources Research (21) 163-175
Kansas produces both conventional energy (oil, gas, and coal) and nonconventional (coalbed gas, wind, hydropower, nuclear, geothermal, solar, and biofuels) and ranks the 22nd in state energy production in the U.S. Nonrenewable conventional petroleum is the most important energy source with nonrenewable, nonconventional coalbed methane gas becoming increasingly important. Many...
Microbial reduction of structural iron in interstratified illite-smectite minerals by a sulfate-reducing bacterium
D. Liu, H. Dong, M.E. Bishop, Jiahua Zhang, Hongfang Wang, S. Xie, Shaoming Wang, L. Huang, D. D. Eberl
2012, Geobiology (10) 150-162
Clay minerals are ubiquitous in soils, sediments, and sedimentary rocks and could coexist with sulfate‐reducing bacteria (SRB) in anoxic environments, however, the interactions of clay minerals and SRB are not well understood. The objective of this study was to understand the reduction rate and capacity of structural Fe(III) in dioctahedral...
Mineral resource of the month: magnesium
Deborah A. Kramer
2012, Earth (57) 29-29
Magnesium is the eighthmost abundant element in Earth’s crust, and the second-most abundant metal ion in seawater. Although magnesium is found in more than 60 minerals, only brucite, dolomite, magnesite and carnallite are commercially important for their magnesium content. Magnesium and its compounds also are recovered from seawater, brines found...
Geostatistical modeling of the gas emission zone and its in-place gas content for Pittsburgh-seam mines using sequential Gaussian simulation
Cevat O. Karacan, Ricardo A. Olea, G. Goodman
2012, International Journal of Coal Geology (90-91) 50-71
Determination of the size of the gas emission zone, the locations of gas sources within, and especially the amount of gas retained in those zones is one of the most important steps for designing a successful methane control strategy and an efficient ventilation system in...
Geochemical modeling of changes in shallow groundwater chemistry observed during the MSU-ZERT CO2 injection experiment
Liange Zheng, J. A. Apps, N. Spycher, J. Birkholzer, Yousif K. Kharaka, James J. Thordsen, Sarah R. Beers, William N. Herkelrath, Evangelos Kakouros, Robert C. Trautz
2012, International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control (7) 202-217
A field experiment involving the release of carbon dioxide (CO2) into a shallow aquifer was conducted near Bozeman, Montana, during the summer of 2008, to investigate the potential groundwater quality impacts in the case of leakage of CO2 from deep geological storage. As an essential part...
Notes on interpretation of geophysical data over areas of mineralization in Afghanistan
Benjamin J. Drenth
2011, Open-File Report 2011-1258
Afghanistan has the potential to contain substantial metallic mineral resources. Although valuable mineral deposits have been identified, much of the country’s potential remains unknown. Geophysical surveys, particularly those conducted from airborne platforms, are a well-accepted and cost-effective method for obtaining information on the geological setting of a given area. This...
Potentiometric surface of the upper Floridan aquifer, west-central Florida, May 2011
Anita G. Ortiz
2011, Scientific Investigations Map 3183
The Floridan aquifer system consists of the Upper and Lower Floridan aquifers separated by the middle confining unit. The middle confining unit and the Lower Floridan aquifer in west-central Florida generally contain highly mineralized water. The water-bearing units containing freshwater are herein referred to as the Upper Floridan aquifer. The...
Magnesium compounds
D.A. Kramer
2011, Mining Engineering (63) 80-81
Seawater and natural brines accounted for about 54 percent of U.S. magnesium compounds production in 2010. Dead-burned magnesia was produced by Martin Marietta Magnesia Specialties from well brines in Michigan. Caustic-calcined magnesia was recovered from seawater by Premier Magnesia in Florida, from well brines in Michigan by Martin Marietta and...
Ball clay
R.L. Virta
2011, Mining Engineering (63) 41-42
The article discusses the latest developments in the global ball clay mining industry, particularly in the U.S., as of June 2011. It cites several firms that are involved in ball clay mining in the U.S., including HC Spins Clay Co. Inc., the Imerys Group and Old Hickory Clay Co. Among...
Global Positioning System constraints on crustal deformation before and during the 21 February 2008 Wells, Nevada M6.0 earthquake
William C. Hammond, Geoffrey Blewitt, Corne Kreemer, Jessica R. Murray-Moraleda, Jerry L. Svarc
Craig M. dePolo, Daphne D. LaPointe, editor(s)
2011, Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology Special Publication 36
Using Global Positioning System (GPS) data from permanent sites and U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) campaign data we have estimated co-seismic displacements and secular background crustal deformation patterns associated with the 21 February 2008 Wells Nevada earthquake. Estimated displacements at nearby permanent GPS sites ELKO (84 km distant) and GOSH...
Multiple applications of the U.S. EPA 1312 leach procedure to mine waste from the Animas watershed, SW Colorado
David L. Fey, Stan E. Church, Rhonda L. Driscoll, Monique G. Adams
2011, Geochemistry: Exploration, Environment, Analysis (11) 163-178
Eleven acid-sulphate and quartz-sericite-pyrite altered mine waste samples from the Animas River watershed in SW Colorado were subjected to a series of 5 to 6 successive leaches using the US EPA 1312 leach protocol to evaluate the transport of metals and loss of acidity from mine wastes as a function...
Hydrogeochemical processes governing the origin, transport and fate of major and trace elements from mine wastes and mineralized rock to surface waters
D. Kirk Nordstrom
2011, Applied Geochemistry (26) 1777-1791
The formation of acid mine drainage from metals extraction or natural acid rock drainage and its mixing with surface waters is a complex process that depends on petrology and mineralogy, structural geology, geomorphology, surface-water hydrology, hydrogeology, climatology, microbiology, chemistry, and mining and mineral processing history. The concentrations of metals, metalloids,...
Cobalt mineral exploration and supply from 1995 through 2013
David R. Wilburn
2011, Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5084
The global mining industry has invested a large amount of capital in mineral exploration and development over the past 15 years in an effort to ensure that sufficient resources are available to meet future increases in demand for minerals. Exploration data have been used to identify specific sites where this...
Gas shale/oil shale
N.S. Fishman, S.R. Bereskin, K.A. Bowker, B.J. Cardott, T.C. Chidsey Jr., R. F. Dubiel, C.B. Enomoto, W.B. Harrison, D.M. Jarvie, C.L. Jenkins, J.A. LeFever, Peng Li, J.N. McCracken, C. D. Morgan, S.H. Nordeng, R.E. Nyahay, Steven Schamel, R.L. Sumner, L.L. Wray
2011, Natural Resources Research (20) 288-301
The production of natural gas from shales continues to increase in North America, and shale gas exploration is on the rise in other parts of the world since the previous report by this committee was published by American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Energy Minerals Division (2009). For the United States,...
Geologic map of the Suquamish 7.5' quadrangle and part of the Seattle North 7.5' x 15' quadrangle, Kitsap County, Washington
Ralph A. Haugerud, Kathy Goetz Troost
2011, Scientific Investigations Map 3181
The Suquamish 7.5' quadrangle is in the center of the Puget Lowland, Washington. The quadrangle contains the northern two-thirds of Bainbridge Island and adjacent parts of the Kitsap Peninsula. Puget Sound and contiguous waterways form 35 percent of the map area. Maximum elevation is 137 m in the northwest corner...
The Kharapeh orogenic gold deposit: Geological, structural, and geochemical controls on epizonal ore formation in West Azerbaijan Province, Northwestern Iran
Shojaeddin Niroomand, Richard J. Goldfarb, Farib Moore, Mohammad Mohajjel, Erin E. Marsh
2011, Mineralium Deposita (46) 409-428
The Kharapeh gold deposit is located along the northwestern margin of the Sanandaj–Sirjan Zone (SSZ) in the West Azerbaijan province, Iran. It is an epizonal orogenic gold deposit formed within the deformed zone between central Iran and the Arabian plate during the Cretaceous–Tertiary Zagros orogeny. The deposit area is underlain...
The Hydrogeology of the San Juan Mountains Chapter 5
Jonathan S. Caine, Anna B. Wilson
Robert Blair, George Bracksieck, editor(s)
2011, Book chapter, The Eastern San Juan Mountains Their Ecology, Geology, and Human History
Knowledge of the occurrence, storage, and flow of groundwater in mountainous regions is limited by the lack of integrated data from wells, streams, springs, and climate. In his comprehensive treatment of the hydrogeology of the San Luis Valley, Huntley (1979) hypothesized that the underlying, fractured volcanic bedrock of the San...
Mineralogy, morphology, and textural relationships in coatings on quartz grains in sediments in a quartz-sand aquifer
Shouliang Zhang, Douglas B. Kent, David C. Elbert, Zhi Shi, James A. Davis, David R. Veblen
2011, Journal of Contaminant Hydrology (124) 57-67
Mineralogical studies of coatings on quartz grains and bulk sediments from an aquifer on Western Cape Cod, Massachusetts, USA were carried out using a variety of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques. Previous studies demonstrated that coatings on quartz grains control the adsorption properties of these sediments. Samples for TEM characterization...
Mineral Commodity Summaries 2011
Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey
2011, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2011
Each chapter of the 2011 edition of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Mineral Commodity Summaries (MCS) includes information on events, trends, and issues for each mineral commodity as well as discussions and tabular presentations on domestic industry structure, Government programs, tariffs, 5-year salient statistics, and world production and resources. The...
Hydrologic conditions and terrestrial laser scanning of post-firedebris flows in the San Gabriel Mountains, CA, U.S.A
K. M. Schmidt, M. N. Hanshaw, J. F. Howle, J. W. Kean, Dennis M. Staley, J. D. Stock, W. Bawdeng
2011, Italian Journal of Engineering Geology and Environment 583-593
To investigate rainfall-runoff conditions that generate post-wildfire debris flows, we instrumented and surveyed steep, small watersheds along the tectonically active front of the San Gabriel Mountains, California. Fortuitously, we recorded runoff-generated debris-flows triggered by one spatially restricted convective event with 28 mm of rainfall falling over 62 minutes. Our rain...
Analysis of the deconstruction of Dyke Marsh, George Washington Memorial Parkway, Virginia-Progression, geologic and manmade causes, and effective restoration scenarios
Ronald J. Litwin, Joseph P. Smoot, Milan J. Pavich, Helaine W. Markewich, Erik Oberg, Ben Helwig, Brent Steury, Vincent L. Santucci, Nancy J. Durika, Nancy B. Rybicki, Katharina M. Engelhardt, Geoffrey Sanders, Stacey Verardo, Andrew J. Elmore, Joseph Gilmer
2011, Open-File Report 2010-1269
This report is a synthesis of the latest findings from an ongoing study of Dyke Marsh, an eroding freshwater tidal wetland that is scheduled for federal restoration. Its purpose is to provide an accurate and up-to-date temporal and geological framework for the marsh, of which most is new information (plus...
40Ar∗ loss in experimentally deformed muscovite and biotite with implications for 40Ar/39Ar geochronology of naturally deformed rocks
Michael Cosca, Holger Stunitz, Anne-Lise Bourgiex, John P. Lee
2011, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (75) 7759-7778
The effects of deformation on radiogenic argon (40Ar∗) retentivity in mica are described from high pressure experiments performed on rock samples of peraluminous granite containing euhedral muscovite and biotite. Cylindrical cores, ∼15 mm in length and 6.25 mm in diameter, were drilled from granite collected from the South Armorican Massif in...
Relating injury to the forest ecosystem near Palmerton, PA, to zinc contamination from smelting
W. Nelson Beyer, Cairn Krafft, Stephen Klassen, Carrie E. Green, Rufus L. Chaney
2011, Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology (61) 376-388
The forest on Blue Mountain, near Lehigh Gap, has been injured by emissions from two historical zinc (Zn) smelters in Palmerton, PA, located at the northern base of the mountain. The uppermost mineral soil and lower litter from sites along a transect, just south of the ridgetop, contained from 64...
Hydrogeology, chemical characteristics, and water sources and pathways in the zone of contribution of a public-supply well in San Antonio, Texas
MaryLynn Musgrove, Lynne Fahlquist, Gregory P. Stanton, Natalie A. Houston, Richard J. Lindgren
2011, Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5146
In 2001, the National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program of the U.S. Geological Survey initiated a series of studies on the transport of anthropogenic and natural contaminants (TANC) to public-supply wells (PSWs). The main goal of the TANC project was to better understand the source, transport, and receptor factors that control...
