Detection of leaks in buried rural water pipelines using thermal infrared images
Jeffery C. Eidenshink
1985, Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing (51) 561-564
Leakage is a major problem in many pipelines. Minor leaks called 'seeper leaks', which generally range from 2 to 10 m3 per day, are common and are difficult to detect using conventional ground surveys. The objective of this research was to determine whether airborne thermal-infrared remote sensing could be used...
A new isostatic residual gravity map of the conterminous United States
Robert W. Simpson, Robert C. Jachens, Richard W. Saltus, Richard J. Blakely
1985, Conference Paper
In order to display more clearly the gravity anomalies caused by bodies of geologic interest in the crust, a new colored isostatic residual gravity map of the conterminous United States has been prepared using the gravity data set compiled for the Gravity Anomaly Map of the United States (SEG, 1982)....
Storage and remobilization of suspended sediment in the lower Amazon River of Brazil
Robert H. Meade, T. Dunne, J.E. Richey, U.De. M. Santos, E. Salati
1985, Science (228) 488-490
In the lower Amazon River, suspended sediment is stored during rising stages of the river and resuspended during falling river stages. The storage and resuspension in the reach are related to the mean slope of the flood wave on the river surface; this slope is smaller during rising river stages...
Evidence for Quaternary tectonism in the northern Bighorn basin, Wyoming and Montana
Marith C. Reheis
1985, Geology (13) 364-367
Irregularities in the reconstructed gradients of latest Pliocene and Quaternary terraces in the northern Bighorn Basin, northwest Wyoming and south-central Montana, suggest that Quaternary movements have occurred on the Frannie anticline, the Nye-Bowler–Sage Creek fault zone, and the North Pryor fault. This area has been considered tectonically inactive....
Snowpack and variation in reproductive ecology of a montane ground-nesting passerine, Junco hyemalis
Kimberly G. Smith, Douglas C. Andersen
1985, Ornis Scandinavica (16) 8-13
Effects of snow depth and rate of snowmelt on reproduction of a montane ground-nesting passerine were examined in a 5-year study of Dark-eyed Juncos Junco hyemalis in northern Utah, USA. Distribution of clucth sizes differed significantly among years. Although most clutches contained four eggs, 3-egg clutches, due primarily...
Suitability of nonwelded pyroclastic-flow deposits for studies of magnetic secular variation: A test based on deposits emplaced at Mount St. Helens, Washington, in 1980
Richard P. Hoblitt, Richard L. Reynolds, Edwin E. Larson
1985, Geology (13) 242-245
Paleomagnetic directions obtained from nonwelded pyroclastic-flow deposits that were emplaced at Mount St. Helens, Washington, in 1980 have a precision and accuracy similar to data obtainable from lava flows. It is concluded that nonwelded pyroclastic-flow deposits, like lava flows, are suitable for studies of magnetic secular variation. Although clast rotations...
Mission, goals, and authorities of the U.S. Geological Survey, June 1985
Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey
1985, Report
We live in a society which depends on natural resources. Our high standard of living requires use of the land, water, and mineral endowment of the Earth. In using these resources, we may affect our environment and alter our options for land and resource use in the future. How can...
Population dynamics of Yellowstone grizzly bears
Richard R. Knight, L.L. Eberhardt
1985, Ecology (66) 323-334
Data on the population of grizzly bears in the environs of Yellowstone National Park suggest that the population has not recovered from the reductions following closure of garbage dumps in 1970 and 1971, and may continue to decline. A computer simulation model indicates that the risk of extirpation over the...
An aerial photographic census of Chesapeake Bay and North Carolina canvasbacks
G.M. Haramis, J.R. Goldsberry, D.G. McAuley, E.L. Derleth
1985, Journal of Wildlife Management (49) 449-454
We used conventional 35-mm photography to conduct an aerial photographic census of canvasbacks (Aythya valisineria) throughout Chesapeake Bay (tidal Maryland and Virginia) and coastal North Carolina, 26-30 January 1981. Flock size and sex ratio characteristics were determined from examination of color transparencies of 165 canvasback flocks totaling over 95,000 birds....
Effects of copper on production of periphyton, nitrogen fixation and processing of leaf litter in a Sierra Nevada, California, stream
Harry V. Leland, James L. Carter
1985, Freshwater Biology (15) 155-173
1Production of periphyton, nitrogen fixation and processing of leaf litter were examined in an oligotrophic Sierra Nevada stream and the responses of these processes to copper (2.5, 5 and 10μg 1-1 CuT [total filtrable copper]; approximately 12, 25 and 50 ng 1-1 Cu2+) were determined.2Autotrophic and...
Recent Red-shouldered Hawk range expansion north into Oregon including first specimen record
Charles J. Henny, John E. Cornely
1985, Murrelet (66) 29-31
In this paper we review 46 Red-shouldered Hawk (Buteo lineatus) observation records from Oregon between 1971 and 1983. The literature contained only two records prior to 1971: Johnson's (1880) record without a specific date or locality from the Willamette Valley of western Oregon, and Bendire's (1892) two nests located...
Density-production characteristics of box-nesting wood ducks in a northern greentree impoundment
G.M. Haramis, D.Q. Thompson
1985, Journal of Wildlife Management (49) 429-436
Nesting wood ducks (Aix sponsa) were studied for 7 years (1973-79) following placement of nest boxes within a 250-ha experimental greentree impoundment located at the Montezuma National Wildlife Refuge in central New York. Wood ducks filled available nesting space in the 3rd year of the study. As nesting space became...
The aqueous photolysis of ethylene glycol adsorbed on geothite
Kirkwood M. Cunningham, Marvin C. Goldberg, E.R. Weiner
1985, Photochemistry and Photobiology (41) 409-416
Suspensions of goethite (α-FeOOH) were photolyzed in aerated ethylene glycol-water solutions at pH 6.5, with ultraviolet light in the wavelength range300–400 nm. Under these conditions, formaldehyde and glycolaldehyde were detected as photoproducts. Quantum yields of formaldehyde production ranged from 1.9 7times; 10-5 to 2.9 × 10-4 over the ethylene...
Evaluation of marked-recapture for estimating striped skunk abundance
Raymond J. Greenwood, Alan B. Sargeant, Douglas H. Johnson
1985, Journal of Wildlife Management (49) 332-340
The mark-recapture method for estimating striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis) abundance was evaluated by systematically livetrapping a radio-equipped population on a 31.4-km2 study area in North Dakota during late April of 1977 and 1978. The study population was 10 females and 13 males in 1977 and 20 females and 8 males...
Selected environmental decisionmaking processes related to developments in the Gulf of Mexico region
James B. Johnston
1985, Conference Paper, Proceedings of the workshop on strategic planning for the coastal marine environment
No abstract available....
Miocene diatoms from the Hawthorn Formation, Thomas County, Georgia
George William Andrews, William H. Abbott
1985, Bulletins of American Paleontology (87) 53-109
No abstract available....
GLORIA II sonograph mosaic of the western U.S. Exclusive Economic Zone
D.A. Cacchione, D.E. Drake, B. Edwards, M. Field, J. Gardner, M. Hampton, H. Karl, David S. McCulloch, Neil H. Kenyon, D. Masson
1985, Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union (66) 553-555
In 1983 the United States declared sovereign rights and jurisdiction over living and nonliving resources in an area extending 200 nautical miles (370 km) seaward from its shores. In response to the establishment of this Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ), the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has implemented a program, called EEZ‐Scan,...
Uranium-series dating of sediments from Searles Lake: Differences between continental and marine climate records
James L. Bischoff, Robert J. Rosenbauer, George I. Smith
1985, Science (227) 1222-1224
One of the major unresolved questions in Pleistocene paleoclimatology has been whether continental climatic transitions are consistent with the glacial δ18O marine record. Searles Lake in California, now a dry salt pan, is underlain by sediment layers deposited in a succession of lakes whose levels and salinities have fluctuated in...
A constitutive equation for mass-movement behavior
Richard M. Iverson
1985, Journal of Geology (93) 143-160
A phenomenological constitutive equation can serve as a basis for modeling and classifying mass-movement processes. The equation is derived using the principles of continuum mechanics and several simplifying assumptions about mass-movement behavior. These assumptions represent idealizations of field behavior, but they appear...
Effects of flood control alternatives on fish and wildlife resources of the Malheur-Harney lakes basin
David B. Hamilton, Gregor T. Auble, Richard A. Ellison, James E. Roelle
1985, Report
Malheur Lake is the largest freshwater marsh in the western contiguous United States and is one of the main management units of the Malheur National Wildlife Refuge in southeastern Oregon. The marsh provides excellent waterfowl production habitat as well as vital migration habitats for birds in the Pacific flyway. Water...
Metals in riparian wildlife of the lead mining district of southeastern Missouri
K. R. Niethammer, Richard D. Atkinson, Thomas S. Baskett, Fred B. Samson
1985, Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology (14) 213-223
Five species of riparian vertebrates (425 individuals) primarily representing upper trophic levels were collected from the Big River and Black River drainages in two lead mining districts of southeastern Missouri, 1981–82. Big River is subject to metal pollution via erosion and seepage from large tailings piles from inactive lead mines....
Remote sensing of lunar pyroclastic mantling deposits
Lisa R. Gaddis, Carle M. Pieters, B. Ray Hawke
1985, Icarus (61) 461-489
Mantling deposits on the Moon are considered to be pyroclastic units emplaced on the lunar surface as a result of explosive fire fountaining. These pyroclastic units are characterized as having low albedos, having smooth fine-textured surfaces, and consisting in part of homogeneous, Febearing volcanic glass and partially crystallized spheres. Mantling...
Effects of flow alterations on trout, angling, and recreation in the Chattahoochee River between Buford Dam and Peachtree Creek
John M. Nestler, Robert T. Milhouse, Jay Troxel, Janet A. Fritschen
1985, Report
In 1974 county governments in the Atlanta vicinity realized that demands on the Chattahoochee River for water supply plus the streamflow required for water quality nearly equaled the minimum flow in the river. Increased demands for water supply in the following years could not be supplied under the then existing...
Use of otoliths to determine age and growth of largemouth bass in Florida
M.V. Hoyer, J.V. Shireman, M.J. Maceina
1985, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society (114) 307-309
The annual formation of otolith annuli was validated through age 5 for Florida largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides floridanus. Sectioned otoliths (sagittae) gave more reliable ages than whole otoliths. Beginning at age 2, at least one annulus was obscure in some whole‐otolith mounts, a problem that worsened with fish age. By...
Sorption of lead onto two gram-negative marine bacteria in seawater
Ronald W. Harvey, James O. Leckie
1985, Marine Chemistry (15) 333-344
Laboratory adsorption experiments performed at environmentally significant lead (Pb) and cell concentrations indicate that the marine bacteria examined have significant binding capacities for Pb. However, the behavior governing Pb sorption onto gram-negative bacteria in seawater may be quite complex. The sorption kinetics appear to involve two distinct phases, i.e., a...
