Reports from the U.S. Geological Survey’s Cascades Volcano Observatory at Vancouver, Washington
S. Brantley, J. Power, L. Topinka
1985, Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS) (17) 20-32
Geochemistry of Great Salt Lake, Utah I: Hydrochemistry since 1850
R. J. Spencer, H.P. Eugster, B.F. Jones, S.L. Rettig
1985, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (49) 727-737
The hydrochemistry of Great Salt Lake, Utah, has been defined for the historic period, 1850 through 1982, from published data combined with new observations. The water balance depends largely on river inflow, atmospheric precipitation onto the lake surface and evaporation. Input of the major solutes can best be accounted for...
Recognition of interstitial anhydrite dissolution: A cause of secondary porosity, San Andres limestone, New Mexico, and Upper Minnelusa Formation, Wyoming
Christopher J. Schenk, Randall W. Richardson
1985, American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin (69) 1064-1076
Rectangular and stair-step pore reentrants in carbonate mudstones have been recognized previously as indirect evidence for anhydrite dissolution. In this study, direct evidence for subsurface dissolution of interstitial anhydrite in both dolomite grainstones and quartz sandstones includes: (1) cleavage-related dissolution fringe on anhydrite crystal surfaces, and (2) isolated remnants of...
Harmonic analysis of tides and tidal currents in South San Francisco Bay, California
R. T. Cheng, J. W. Gartner
1985, Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science (21) 57-74
Water level observations from tide stations and current observations from current-meter moorings in South San Francisco Bay (South Bay), California have been harmonically analysed. At each tide station, 13 harmonic constituents have been computed by a least-squares regression without inference. Tides in South Bay are typically mixed; there is a...
Subtidal sea level and current variations in the northern reach of San Francisco Bay
R. A. Walters, J. W. Gartner
1985, Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science (21) 17-32
Analyses of sea level and current-meter data using digital filters and a variety of statistical methods show a variety of phenomena related to non-local coastal forcing and local tidal forcing in the northern reach of San Francisco Bay, a partially mixed estuary. Low-frequency variations in sea level are dominated by...
Evaluation and use of a diffusion-controlled sampler for determining chemical and dissolved oxygen gradients at the sediment-water interface
N.S. Simon, M.M. Kennedy, C.S. Massoni
1985, Hydrobiologia (126) 135-141
Field and laboratory evaluations were made of a simple, inexpensive diffusion-controlled sampler with ports on two sides at each interval which incorporates 0.2-??m polycarbonate membrane to filter samples in situ. Monovalent and divalent ions reached 90% of equilibrium between sampler contents and the external solution within 3 and 6 hours,...
Distribution of zinc heavy-mineral-concentrate from the Charlotte 1° x 2° quadrangle, North Carolina and South Carolina
W. R. Griffitts, J. W. Whitlow, K.A. Duttweiler, D. F. Siems, L. O. Wilch
1985, Open-File Report 84-843-D
No abstract available....
A procedure for estimating Bacillus cereus spores in soil and stream-sediment samples — A potential exploration technique
J.R. Watterson
1985, Journal of Geochemical Exploration (23) 243-252
The presence of bacterial spores of the Bacillus cereus group in soils and stream sediments appears to be a sensitive indicator of several types of concealed mineral deposits, including vein-type gold deposits. The B. cereus assay is rapid, inexpensive, and inherently reproducible. The test, currently under investigation for its potential in mineral...
Volcano hazards program in the United States
R.I. Tilling, R. A. Bailey
1985, Journal of Geodynamics (3) 425-446
Volcano monitoring and volcanic-hazards studies have received greatly increased attention in the United States in the past few years. Before 1980, the Volcanic Hazards Program was primarily focused on the active volcanoes of Kilauea and Mauna Loa, Hawaii, which have been monitored continuously since 1912 by the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory....
U. S. PHOSPHATE INDUSTRY: REVISED PROSPECTS AND POTENTIAL.
Vincent E. McKelvey
1985, Marine Technology Society Journal (19) 65-67
Although the United States is the world's largest producer and exporter of phosphates, serious doubts have arisen in recent years that U. S. deposits could sustain this important role. The development of borehole mining; i. e. , extracting the phosphate matrix as a slurry through a drill hole, however, is...
ELECTROCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF ROCKS AND MINERALS.
Gary R. Olhoeft
1985, Conference Paper, Electrochemical Society Extended Abstracts
Many phenomena and processes in the earth sciences are a result of the electrochemical properties of rocks and minerals. Examples include formation of mineral deposits and petroleum reservoirs control of drilling muds, and success or failure of toxic waste isolation barriers. Such phenomena can be observed at a distance using...
RAPID REMOVAL OF A GROUNDWATER CONTAMINANT PLUME.
L. Jeff Lefkoff, Steven M. Gorelick
Schmidt Kenneth D., editor(s)
1985, Conference Paper
A groundwater management model is used to design an aquifer restoration system that removes a contaminant plume from a hypothetical aquifer in four years. The design model utilizes groundwater flow simulation and mathematical optimization. Optimal pumping and injection strategies achieve rapid restoration for a minimum total pumping cost. Rapid restoration...
Type curve analysis of inertial effects in the response of a well to a slug test.
Kenneth L. Kipp Jr.
1985, Water Resources Research (21) 1397-1408
The water level response to a slug or bailer test in a well completed in a confined aquifer has been evaluated taking into account well-bore storage and inertial effects of the water column in the well. The response range, from overdamped with negligible inertial effects to damped oscillation, was covered...
ANNIE - INTERACTIVE PROCESSING OF DATA BASES FOR HYDROLOGIC MODELS.
Alan M. Lumb, John L. Kittle
1985, Conference Paper
ANNIE is a data storage and retrieval system that was developed to reduce the time and effort required to calibrate, verify, and apply watershed models that continuously simulate water quantity and quality. Watershed models have three categories of input: parameters to describe segments of a drainage area, linkage of the...
Conceptual model for origin of abnormally pressured gas accumulations in low-permeability reservoirs
B. E. Law, W. W. Dickinson
1985, American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin (69) 1295-1304
The largest gas fields in the Rocky Mountain region occur in abnormally pressured reservoirs. These gas accumulations are different from more conventional gas accumulations in that they are commonly located in basin-center positions, they occur downdip from water-bearing rocks, and they are in overpressured or underpressured low-permeability reservoirs. We suggest...
PRELIMINARY EVALUATION OF LANDSAT-4 THEMATIC MAPPER DATA FOR THEIR GEOMETRIC AND RADIOMETRIC ACCURACIES.
M.H. Podwysoki, N. Falcone, L.U. Bender, O. D. Jones
Barker John L., editor(s)
1985, Conference Paper, NASA Conference Publication
This report describes results of some preliminary analyses of Landsat-4 Thematic Mapper data for the NASA Landsat Image Quality Analysis program. The work is being done under interagency agreement S-12407-C between the U. S. Geological Survey and NASA-Goddard Space Flight Center. Landsat-4 TM scenes for Washington, D. C. Macon, Georgia...
Spatial analysis of extension fracture systems: A process modeling approach
C.C. Ferguson
1985, Journal of the International Association for Mathematical Geology (17) 403-425
Little consensus exists on how best to analyze natural fracture spacings and their sequences. Field measurements and analyses published in geotechnical literature imply fracture processes radically different from those assumed by theoretical structural geologists. The approach adopted in this paper recognizes that disruption of rock layers by layer-parallel extension results...
Role of small oil and gas fields in the United States
Richard F. Meyer, Mary L. Fleming
1985, American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin (69) 1950-1962
With the maturation of oil and gas production operations in a province or country, fields found by new-field wildcats diminish in size. The actual economic size cutoff is a function of such factors as depth, water depth offshore, and accessibility to transportation infrastructure. Because of the constraint of resource availability,...
Tidal variation of seismic travel times in a Massachusetts granite quarry
Hsi-Ping Liu, Eugene D. Sembera, Robert E. Westerlund, Jon B. Fletcher, Paul Reasenberg, Duncan C. Agnew
1985, Geophysical Research Letters (12) 243-246
Conflicting results on tidal variation of seismic travel times exist in the literature. With improved methods, we have conducted a seismic survey at a Massachusetts granite quarry. The survey was conducted in the intervals (230d 23h, 231d11h) and (231d22h, 233d10h), 1983 (U.T.) along a 148 m...
Maximum likelihood estimation for periodic autoregressive moving average models
A. V. Vecchia
1985, Technometrics (27) 375-384
A useful class of models for seasonal time series that cannot be filtered or standardized to achieve second-order stationarity is that of periodic autoregressive moving average (PARMA) models, which are extensions of ARMA models that allow periodic (seasonal) parameters. An approximation to the exact likelihood for Gaussian PARMA processes is...
Ages of tuff beds at East African early hominid sites and sediments in the Gulf of Aden
A.M. Sarna-Wojcicki, C.E. Meyer, P.H. Roth, F. H. Brown
1985, Nature (313) 306-308
The early hominids of East Africa were dated by determining the ages of tuff beds at the sites. Despite much research using palaeomagnetic and K/Ar-dating techniques, some of those ages are still controversial 1,2. To obtain independent age estimates for these tephra layers, we have examined cores from DSDP Sites...
Crustal refraction profile of the Long Valley caldera, California, from the January 1983 Mammoth Lakes earthquake swarm
James H. Luetgert, Walter D. Mooney
1985, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (75) 211-221
Seismic-refraction profiles recorded north of Mammoth Lakes, California, using earthquake sources from the January 1983 swarm complement earlier explosion refraction profiles and provide velocity information from deeper in the crust in the area of the Long Valley caldera. Eight earthquakes from a depth range of 4.9 to 8.0 km confirm...
HIGH-ANGLE AEOLIAN CROSSBEDDING AT TRAIL RIDGE, FLORIDA.
Eric Force, Tom Garnar
1985, Industrial Minerals
This paper described new evidence concerning the origin of the Trail Ridge mineral sands deposit in Florida. Rarely exposed sections of the orebody exhibit structures indicative of sand dune formation rather than coastal beach sand accumulation. The implications for mineral sands exploration, and therefore resources, in the southeastern USA are...
Reduction of hexavalent chromium in water samples acidified for preservation
Kenneth G. Stollenwerk, D.B. Grove
1985, Journal of Environmental Quality (14) 396-399
Reduction of hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI), in water samples, preserved by standard techniques, was investigated. The standard preservation technique for water samples that are to be analyzed for Cr(VI) consists of filtration through a 0.45‐µm membrane, acidification to a pH < 2, and storage in plastic bottles. Batch...
Error bounds in cascading regressions
M.R. Karlinger, B.M. Troutman
1985, Journal of the International Association for Mathematical Geology (17) 287-295
Cascading regressions is a technique for predicting a value of a dependent variable when no paired measurements exist to perform a standard regression analysis. Biases in coefficients of a cascaded-regression line as well as error variance of points about the line are functions of the correlation coefficient between dependent and...