Paleoclimate controls on late paleozoic sedimentation and peat formation in the central appalachian basin (U.S.A.)
C. B. Cecil, R.W. Stanton, S.G. Neuzil, F.T. Dulong, L.F. Ruppert, B.S. Pierce
1985, International Journal of Coal Geology (5) 195-230
In the central Appalachian basin, at least two major climate changes affected sedimentation during the late Paleozoic. Stratigraphically, these two changes are indicated by the distribution of coal beds, the variation in coal quality, and the variation in rock lithologies. In...
Recent movement on the Garlock Fault as suggested by water level fluctuations in a well in Fremont Valley, California
Diane K. Lippincott, John D. Bredehoeft, W. R. Moyle Jr.
1985, Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth (90) 1911-1924
Water levels have been continuously recorded since March 1978 in a well in Fremont Valley, where several strands of the adjacent Garlock fault zone have exhibited both left-lateral displacement and components of normal displacement. Differences in water levels indicate that a fault segment lies between the observation well and a...
Ice-lubricated gravity spreading of the Olympus Mons aureole deposits
K. L. Tanaka
1985, Icarus (62) 191-206
Gravity sliding and spreading at low strain rates can account for the general morphology and structure of the aureoles and basal scarp of Olympus Mons. Detachment sliding could have occurred around the volcano if either pore-fluid pressures were exceptionally high (greater than 90%) or the rocks had very low resistance...
Downstream dilution of a lahar: Transition from debris flow to hyperconcentrated streamflow
Thomas C. Pierson, Kevin M. Scott
1985, Water Resources Research (21) 1511-1524
Nearly instantaneous melting of snow and ice by the March 19, 1982, eruption of Mount St. Helens released a 4 × 106 m3 flood of water from the crater that was converted to a lahar (volcanic debris flow) through erosion and incorporation of sediment by the time it reached the base of...
GELIFICATION OF WOOD DURING COALIFICATION.
Patrick G. Hatcher, Lisa A. Romankiw, John R. Evans
1985, Conference Paper
Coalified wood was examined by SEM and CPMAS**1**3C NMR to delineate chemical and physical alterations responsible for gelification. Early coalification selectively degrades cellulosic components, preserving lignin-like components that are eventually transformed to coal. Cellular morphology persists until the chemical composition becomes uniform, at which point the cells coalesce under compaction...
Cemented horizon in subarctic Alaskan sand dunes: Discussion and reply
J. P. Galloway, E. A. Koster, T. D. Hamilton, George W. Cox
1985, American Journal of Science (285) 186-191
No abstract available....
THREE-COMPONENT BOREHOLE MAGNETOMETER PROBE FOR MINERAL INVESTIGATIONS AND GEOLOGIC RESEARCH.
James H. Scott, Gary G. Olson
1985, Conference Paper, Transactions of the SPWLA Annual Logging Symposium (Society of Professional Well Log Analysts)
A small-diameter three-component fluxgate magnetometer probe with gyroscopic and inclinometer orientation has been developed to meet U. S. Geological Survey design and performance specifications for measurement of the direction and intensity of the Earth's magnetic field in vertical and inclined boreholes. The orthogonal fluxgate magnetometer elements have a measurement resolution...
Cleavage strain in the Variscan fold belt, County Cork, Ireland, estimated from stretched arsenopyrite rosettes
M. Ford, C.C. Ferguson
1985, Journal of Structural Geology (7) 217-223
In south-west Ireland, hydrothermally formed arsenopyrite crystals in a Devonian mudstone have responded to Variscan deformation by brittle extension fracture and fragment separation. The interfragment gaps and terminal extension zones of each crystal are infilled with fibrous quartz. Stretches within the...
Distribution of volatile organic compounds in a New Jersey coastal plain aquifer system
T. V. Fusillo, J. J. Hochreiter Jr., D. G. Lord
1985, Groundwater (23) 354-359
Samples for analysis of volatile organic compounds were collected from 315 wells in the Potomac-Raritan-Magothy aquifer system in southwestern New Jersey and a small adjacent area in Pennsylvania during 1980–82. Volatile organic compounds were detected in all three aquifer units of the Potomac-Raritan-Magothy aquifer...
Chemistry and transport of soluble humic substances in forested watersheds of the Adirondack Park, New York
C. S. Cronan, G. R. Aiken
1985, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (49) 1697-1705
Studies were conducted in conjunction with the Integrated Lake-Watershed Acidification Study (ILWAS) to examine the chemistry and leaching patterns of soluble humic substances in forested watersheds of the Adirondack region. During the summer growing season, mean dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations in the ILWAS watersheds ranged from 21–32 mg C...
Temporal fluctuations of silver, copper and zinc in the bivalve Macoma balthica at five stations in South San Francisco Bay
Samuel N. Luoma, Daniel Cain, C. Johansson
1985, Hydrobiologia (129) 109-120
Concentrations of Cu, Ag and Zn were measured in the soft tissues of the estuarine bivalve Macoma balthica in South San Francisco Bay at near-monthly intervals for periods of two to three years at four stations, and eight years at a metal-enriched station. The amplitude and frequency of fluctuations differed...
Determination of elastic wave velocity and relative hypocenter locations using refracted waves. I. Methodology
Kaye M. Shedlock, Steven W. Roecker
1985, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (75) 415-426
An arrival time difference method utilizing refracted arrivals from earthquakes in a homogeneous, layered earth model has been developed for the simultaneous determination of near-source (in situ) velocity and relative locations of earthquakes. The method is particularly applicable when analyzing data from arrays in which most of the recording stations...
Effects of the 1983 Coalinga, California, earthquake on creep along the San Andreas fault
Gerald M. Mavko, Sandra Schulz, Beth D. Brown
1985, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (75) 475-489
The M//L approximately equals 6. 5 earthquake that occurred near Coalinga, California, on May 2, 1983 induced changes in near-surface fault slip along the San Andreas fault. Coseismic steps were observed by creepmeters along a 200-km section of the San Andreas. some of the larger aftershocks induced additional steps, both...
Maceral distributions in Illinois coals and their paleoenvironmental implications
R.D. Harvey, J.W. Dillon
1985, International Journal of Coal Geology (5) 141-165
For purposes of assessing the maceral distribution of Illinois (U.S.A.) coals analyses were assembled for 326 face channel and drill core samples from 24 coal members of the Pennsylvanian System. The inertinite content of coals from the Missourian and Virgilian Series...
Origin and evolution of the alkalic ultramafic rocks in the Coyote Peak diatreme, Humboldt County, California
J. W. Morgan, G.K. Czamanske, Wandless A. Gregory
1985, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (49) 749-759
Instrumental-neutron-activation analyses are reported for two uncontaminated rocks, a phlogopite-rich clot, and two contaminated rocks from the Coyote Peak diatreme, northwestern California. These data, combined with Nd, Sr, and Pb isotopic evidence, have been modeled to a multi-stage evolution for the...
Geochemistry of Great Salt Lake, Utah I: Hydrochemistry since 1850
R. J. Spencer, H.P. Eugster, B.F. Jones, S.L. Rettig
1985, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (49) 727-737
The hydrochemistry of Great Salt Lake, Utah, has been defined for the historic period, 1850 through 1982, from published data combined with new observations. The water balance depends largely on river inflow, atmospheric precipitation onto the lake surface and evaporation. Input of the major solutes can best be accounted for...
Evaluation and use of a diffusion-controlled sampler for determining chemical and dissolved oxygen gradients at the sediment-water interface
N.S. Simon, M.M. Kennedy, C.S. Massoni
1985, Hydrobiologia (126) 135-141
Field and laboratory evaluations were made of a simple, inexpensive diffusion-controlled sampler with ports on two sides at each interval which incorporates 0.2-??m polycarbonate membrane to filter samples in situ. Monovalent and divalent ions reached 90% of equilibrium between sampler contents and the external solution within 3 and 6 hours,...
Subtidal sea level and current variations in the northern reach of San Francisco Bay
R. A. Walters, J. W. Gartner
1985, Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science (21) 17-32
Analyses of sea level and current-meter data using digital filters and a variety of statistical methods show a variety of phenomena related to non-local coastal forcing and local tidal forcing in the northern reach of San Francisco Bay, a partially mixed estuary. Low-frequency variations in sea level are dominated by...
Harmonic analysis of tides and tidal currents in South San Francisco Bay, California
R. T. Cheng, J. W. Gartner
1985, Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science (21) 57-74
Water level observations from tide stations and current observations from current-meter moorings in South San Francisco Bay (South Bay), California have been harmonically analysed. At each tide station, 13 harmonic constituents have been computed by a least-squares regression without inference. Tides in South Bay are typically mixed; there is a...
Recognition of interstitial anhydrite dissolution: A cause of secondary porosity, San Andres limestone, New Mexico, and Upper Minnelusa Formation, Wyoming
Christopher J. Schenk, Randall W. Richardson
1985, American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin (69) 1064-1076
Rectangular and stair-step pore reentrants in carbonate mudstones have been recognized previously as indirect evidence for anhydrite dissolution. In this study, direct evidence for subsurface dissolution of interstitial anhydrite in both dolomite grainstones and quartz sandstones includes: (1) cleavage-related dissolution fringe on anhydrite crystal surfaces, and (2) isolated remnants of...
Geochemistry of great Salt Lake, Utah II: Pleistocene-Holocene evolution
R. J. Spencer, H.P. Eugster, B.F. Jones
1985, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (49) 739-747
Sedimentologic and biostratigraphic evidence is used to develop a geochemical model for Great Salt Lake, Utah, extending back some 30,000 yrs. B.P. Hydrologie conditions as defined by the water budget equation are characterized by a lake initially at a low, saline stage, rising by about 17,000 yrs. B.P. to fresh...
A quantitative analysis of the Lassen hydrothermal system, north central California
S. E. Ingebritsen, M.L. Sorey
1985, Water Resources Research (21) 853-868
Our conceptual model of the Lassen system is termed a liquid-dominated hydrothermal system with a parasitic vapor-dominated zone. The essential feature of this model is that steam and steam-heated discharge at relatively high altitudes in Lassen Volcanic National Park (LVNP) and liquid discharge with high chloride concentrations at relatively low...
In situ stress, natural fracture distribution, and borehole elongation in the Auburn Geothermal Well, Auburn, New York
Stephen H. Hickman, John H. Healy, Mark D. Zoback
1985, Journal of Geophysical Research (90) 5497-5512
Hydraulic fracturing stress measurements and a borehole televiewer survey were conducted in a 1.6‐km‐deep well at Auburn, New York. This well, which was drilled at the outer margin of the Appalachian Fold and Thrust Belt in the Appalachian Plateau, penetrates approximately 1540 m of lower Paleozoic sedimentary rocks and terminates...
Geochemistry and petrogenesis of lamproites, late cretaceous age, Woodson County, Kansas, U.S.A.
R.L. Cullers, S. Ramakrishnan, P. Berendsen, T. Griffin
1985, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (49) 1383-1402
Lamproite sills and their associated sedimentary and contact metamorphic rocks from Woodson County, Kansas have been analyzed for major elements, selected trace elements, and strontium isotopic composition. These lamproites, like lamproites elsewhere, are alkalic (molecular K2O + Na2OAl2O3= 1.6–2.6">K2O + Na2OAl2O3= 1.6–2.6), are ultrapotassic <span...
A GC-system for the analysis of residual geothermal gases
D.S. Sheppard, A.H. Truesdell
1985, Chromatographia (20) 681-682
The gases evolved from geothermal fields, after condensation of H2O, CO2, H2S and NH3 in caustic solution, contain He, H2, Ar, O2, N2, CH4 and higher hydrocarbons. The analysis for the major components in these residual gas mixtures can be achieved by use of two simple gas chromatographs in parallel,...
