Stylites, a vascular land plant without stomata absorbs CO2 via its roots
Jon E. Keeley, C.B. Osmond, J.A. Raven
1984, Nature (310) 694-695
Photosynthetic organs of most higher plants normally have access to atmospheric CO2 through stomatal pores which also serve as variable valves to control the loss of H2O vapour which accompanies CO2 uptake1. The acquisition of stomata is commonly thought to have been a crucial development permitting ‘conquest’ of land and direct access...
Sinking of volcanic ash in uncompacted sediment in Williams Lake, Washington
R.Y. Anderson, E.B. Nuhfer, W.E. Dean
1984, Science (225) 505-508
Volcanic ash from the eruption of Mount St. Helens on 18 May 1980 fell into Williams Lake in eastern Washington and was temporarily suspended at the sediment-water interface. After several months of compaction, the ash layer broke up and sank into lower density uncompacted lake sediment. Stratigraphic time displacements of...
Sex differences in the ontogeny of social behavior in pikas: possible relationships to dispersal and territoriality
1984, Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology (15) 175-182
A laboratory study on the ontogeny of social behavior in pikas (Ochotona princeps), an alpine lagomorph, was conducted to determine the role of early relationships between adult females and young and among siblings in the development of territorial and dispersal behaviors. Sex differences during development were examined because field studies...
Oxygen isotope ranking of late Eocene and Oligocene planktonic foraminifers: Implications for Oligocene sea-surface temperatures and global ice-volume
R.Z. Poore, R.K. Matthews
1984, Marine Micropaleontology (9) 111-134
Oxygen isotope analyses of late Eocene and Oligocene planktonic foraminifers from low and middle latitude sites in the Atlantic Basin show that different species from the same samples can yield significantly different isotopic values. The range of isotopic values observed between species is greatest at low-latitudes and declines poleward. Many...
Tidal-cycle changes in oscillation ripples on the inner part of an estuarine sand flat
J.R. Dingler, H.E. Clifton
1984, Marine Geology (60) 219-233
Oscillation ripples form on subaqueous sand beds when wave-generated, near-bottom water motions are strong enough to move sand grains. The threshold of grain motion is the lower bound of the regime of oscillation ripples and the onset of sheet flow is the upper bound. Based on the relation between ripple...
High-frequency sediment-level oscillations in the swash zone
Asbury H. Sallenger Jr., Bruce M. Richmond
1984, Marine Geology (60) 155-164
Sediment-level oscillations with heights of about 6 cm and shore-normal lengths of order 10 m have been measured in the swash zone of a high-energy, coarse-sand beach. Crests of oscillations were shore parallel and continuous alongshore. The oscillations were of such low steepness (height-to-length ratio approximately 0.006) that they were...
Control of barrier island shape by inlet sediment bypassing: East Frisian Islands, West Germany
Duncan M. FitzGerald, S. Penland, D. Nummedal
1984, Marine Geology (60) 355-376
A study of the East Frisian Islands has shown that the plan form of these islands can be explained by processes of inlet sediment bypassing. This island chain is located on a high wave energy, high tide range shoreline where the average deep-water significant wave height exceeds 1.0 m and...
Shoreface translation and the Holocene stratigraphic record: Examples from Nova Scotia, the Mississippi Delta and eastern Australia
Ron Boyd, S. Penland
1984, Marine Geology (60) 391-412
Classic descriptive models of barrier sedimentation have been developed with data from the Atlantic and Gulf coasts of the United States. These models are dominated by low to moderate rates of relative sea level (RSL) rise and wave energy. Barriers respond by landward recycling of sediment through the mechanism of...
Ground-water contamination by crude oil at the Bemidji, Minnesota, research site- An introduction: Chapter A in Ground-water contamination by crude oil at the Bemidji, Minnesota, research site; US Geological Survey Toxic Waste--ground-water contamination study
1984, Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4188-A
The U.S. Geological Survey has begun a research project to improve understanding of the mobilization, transport, and fate of petroleum contaminants in the shallow subsurface and to use this understanding to develop predictive models of contaminant behavior. The project site is near Bemidji in northern Minnesota where an accidental spill...
Volcanic hazards in Indonesia: The 1982-83 eruption of Galunggung
A. Sudradjat, Robert I. Tilling
1984, Episodes (7) 13-19
Indonesia faces a perpetual volcanic-hazards problem of enormous proportions, exemplified by the 1982-83 eruption of Galunggung in West Java. Though moderate in size, this caused widespread destruction and a marked socio-economic impact on more than half a million people. The prolonged activity provided and opportunity for the Volcanological Survey of...
Forecasting eruptions in the Circum-Pacific
J.G. Souther, Robert I. Tilling, R.S. Punongbayan
1984, Episodes, Journal of International Geoscience (7) 10-18
Many important advances have been made in the last few years in the techniques and approaches to forecasting volcanic eruptions. Yet some of the most dangerous volcanoes are in countries unable to provide either the equipment or the skills to monitor them and to warn endangered residents. This review of...
Movements of translocated wolves in Minnesota
Steven H. Fritts, W.J. Paul, L.D. Mech
1984, Journal of Wildlife Management (48) 709-721
From Feb. 1975-May 1978, 104 wolves (Canis lupus) captured at or near Minnesota farms where depredations on livestock had been reported were translocated northward and eastward for 50-317 km into extensive forests; 3 others were released westward. Nine wolves were translocated twice, and 1 three times. Information on movements was...
Contaminant concentrations in manatees in Florida
Thomas J. O’Shea, John F. Moore, Howard I. Kochman
1984, Journal of Wildlife Management (48) 741-748
The status of the endangered manatee (Trichehus manatus) in relation to organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, mercury, lead, cadmium, copper, iron, and selenium was investigated in Florida from 1977 to 1981. Concentrations of organochlorines in blubber, mercury in muscle and liver, lead in liver, and lead and cadmium in kidneys did...
National Cartographic Information Center
Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey
1984, Report
The National Cartographic Information Center (NCIC) exists to help you find maps of all kinds and much of the data and materials used to compile and to print them. NCIC collects, sorts and describes all types of cartographic information from Federal, State and local government agencies and, where possible, from...
Volatile constituents of wolf (Canis lupus) urine as related to gender and season
J. Raymer, D. Wiesler, M. Novotny, C. Asa, U.S. Seal, L. David Mech
1984, Experientia (40) 707-709
The volatile constituents of wolf urine were examined via capillary gas chromatography and compared among male, female, and castrate male. Several compounds including methyl isopentyl sulfide, 3,5-dimethyl-2-octanone, and acetophenone were clearly associated with the gender of the animal and many displayed a seasonal dependence. In addition, 2 long-chain aldehydes isolated...
Responses of wintering bald eagles to boating activity
Richard L. Knight, Susan K. Knight
1984, Journal of Wildlife Management (48) 999-1004
Wintering populations of bald eagles show a close association with open water (Spencer 1976, Steenhof 1978). With the dramatic increase in the use of waterways for recreational activity in recent decades (Brockman and Merriam 1973, Jensen 1973), concern has arisen regarding the effects of boating activity on wintering eagles...
Organochlorine contaminants in California waterfowl
Harry M. Ohlendorf, Michael R. Miller
1984, Journal of Wildlife Management (48) 867-877
Concern has been expressed that the extensive use of organochlorine pesticides in California may be exposing waterfowl to hazardous contaminant levels. The objectives of our study were to: (1) determine concentrations of organochlorines in northern pintails (Anas acuta) from five important waterfowl wintering areas in California; (2) compare concentrations of...
Distribution and abundance of manatees along the northern coast of the Gulf of Mexico
J. A. Powell, G. B. Rathbun
1984, Northeast Gulf Science (7) 1-28
A review of historical and recent records of manatee (Trichechus manatus) sightings along the coast of the northern Gulf of Mexico indicates that their numbers have declined in Texas, but increased in Louisiana and Mississippi. This is due to their extirpation in Mexico and dramatic increase along the southern Big...
Correlation of Quaternary glacial sequences in the Western United States based on weathering rinds and related studies
S.M. Colman, Kenneth L. Pierce
1984, Book chapter, Correlation of Quaternary chronologies
No abstract available....
The 1984 Morgan Hill, California, earthquake
W. H. Bakun, M. M. Clark, R.S. Cockerham, W.L. Ellsworth, A.G. Lindh, W.H. Prescott, A.F. Shakal, P. Spudich
1984, Science (225) 288-291
The Morgan Hill, California, earthquake (magnitude 6.1) of 24 April 1984 ruptured a 30-kilometer-long segment of the Calaveras fault zone to the east of San Jose. Although it was recognized in 1980 that an earthquake of magnitude 6 occurred on this segment in 1911 and that a repeat of this...
Pesticide, PCB, and lead residues and necropsy data for bald eagles from 32 states - 1978-81
W. L. Reichel, Shelia K. Schmeling, E. Cromartie, T. E. Kaiser, A. J. Krynitsky, T. G. Lamont, B.M. Mulhern, R. M. Prouty, C. J. Stafford, D. M. Swineford
1984, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment (4) 395-403
In 1978–81, 293 bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) from 32 states were necropsied and analyzed for organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB), and lead residues. DDE was found in all carcasses; PCB, DDD, trans-nonachlor, dieldrin and oxychlordane were next in order of percent frequency of detection. The median...
Larval dermestid beetles feeding on nestling snail kites, wood storks, and great blue herons
N.F.R. Snyder, J.C. Ogden, J.D. Bittner, G.A. Grau
1984, Condor (86) 170-174
In recent years abdominal lesions attributable to larval dermestid beetles (Dermestes nidum) have appeared in nestling Snail (Everglade) Kites (Rostrhamus sociabilis), Wood Storks (Mycteria americana), and Great Blue Herons (Ardea herodias). Although it appears that most nestlings affected have survived, the degree of threat posed by dermestid larvae to various...
Contaminants in wood stork eggs and their effects on reproduction, Florida, 1982
W. James Fleming, J.A. Rodgers Jr., C. J. Stafford
1984, Colonial Waterbirds (7) 88-93
One egg was removed from five Wood Stork (Mycteria americana) nests at each of eight colonies in central and northern Florida in 1982. DDE and mercury were present in all eggs with concentrations ranging up to 9.4 and 0.73 ppm wet weight, respectively. PCBs were detected in 25 eggs (63%)...
Effects of heptachlor- and lindane-treated seed on Canada geese
L. J. Blus, Charles J. Henny, D.J. Lenhart, T. E. Kaiser
1984, Journal of Wildlife Management (48) 1097-1111
A study of Canada geese (B. canadensis) was conducted in the Pacific Northwest from 1978 through 1981. Lowered reproductive success, mortality of adults, and a population decline of resident western Canada geese (B. c. moffitti) at the Umatilla National Wildlife Refuge (Umatilla NWR) Oregon and Washington [USA] were associated with...
Brain cholinesterase activity in fledgling starlings: Implications for monitoring exposure of songbirds to ChE inhibitors
C.E. Grue, C.C. Hunter
1984, Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology (32) 282-289
Exposure of songbirds to organophosphate and carbamate pesticides is often determined by comparing the brain cholinesterase (ChE) activity of individuals that have been exposed with that of unexposed birds of the same species (e.g., see Busby et al. 1981, 1982; Hamilton et al. 1981). Knowledge of the normal pattern of...
