Flame ionization mass spectrometry--Isotope ratio determinations for potassium
Howard E. Taylor, John R. Garbarino, S. R. Koirtyohann
1991, Applied Spectroscopy (45) 886-886
The air/acetylene flame provides a convenient ion source for the determination of potassium isotopic ratios by mass spectrometry. Unlike the argon inductively coupled plasma (ICP), the flame provides low background in the mass region of interest. Ion production is quite satisfactory for isotope ratio measurements at the micrograms per milliliter...
A computer program for GEOphysical log data MANagement and plotting (GEOMAN)
I. E. Arroyo, Sigfredo Torres-Gonzalez, Ramon A. Carrasquillo
J.H. Krishna, Vicente Quinones-Aponte, Fernando Gomez-Gomez, G.L. Morris, editor(s)
1991, Conference Paper, Proceedings of the International Symposium on Tropical Hydrology
Hydrologic effects of well-field operations in a wetland, Dade County, Florida
R.S. Sonenshein, Ronald H. Hofstetter
1990, Water-Resources Investigations Report 90-4143
Water-level, canal stage and discharge, and rainfall data collected in a wetland in Dade County, Florida, were analyzed to determine the effects of pumping at the Northwest Well Field on water levels in the wetland. The Northwest Well Field is the first major well field in south Florida to be...
Ground-water hydrology of Pahvant Valley and adjacent areas, Utah
1990, Technical Publication 98
The primary ground-water reservoir in Pahvant Valley and adjacent areas is in the unconsolidated basin fill and interbedded basalt. Recharge in 1959 was estimated to be about 70,000 acre-feet per year and was mostly by seepage from streams, canals, and unconsumed irrigation water and by infiltration of precipitation. Discharge in...
Monitoring the hydrologic system for potential effects of geothermal and ground-water development in the Long Valley caldera, Mono County, California, U.S.A.
C. D. Farrar, D. L. Lyster
1990, Geothermal Resources Council Transactions (14) 669-674
In the early 1980's, renewed interest in the geothermal potential of the Long Valley caldera, California, highlighted the need to balance the benefits of energy development with the established recreational activities of the area. The Long Valley Hydrologic Advisory Committee, formed in 1987, instituted...
Estimating groundwater exchange with lakes: 1. The stable isotope mass balance method
David P. Krabbenhoft, Carl J. Bowser, Mary P. Anderson, John W. Valley
1990, Water Resources Research (26) 2445-2453
Groundwater inflow and outflow contributions to the hydrologic budget of lakes can be determined using a stable isotope (18O/16O) mass balance method. The stable isotope method provides a way of integrating the spatial and temporal complexities of the flow field around a lake, thereby offering an appealing alternative to the...
Hydrology of the Arbuckle Mountains area, south-central Oklahoma
Roy W. Fairchild, Ronald L. Hanson, Robert E. Davis
1990, Circular 91
Rocks that make up the Arbuckle-Simpson aquifer crop out over ~500 mi2 in the Arbuckle Mountains province in south-central Oklahoma. The aquifer consists of limestone, dolomite, and sandstone of the Arbuckle and Simpson Groups of Late Cambrian to Middle Ordovician age and is about 5,000-9,000 ft thick. The rocks were...
Water resources data, New Mexico, water year 1989
Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey
1990, Water Data Report NM-89
This annual hydrologic data report of New Mexico is one of a series of annual reports that document hydrologic data gathered frOm the u.s. Geological Survey's surface- and ground-water data-collection networks in each State, Puerto Rico, and the Trust Territories. These records of streamflow, ground-water levels, and water quality provide the...
Dolomite dissolution rates and possible Holocene dedolomitization of water-bearing units in the Edwards aquifer, south-central Texas
R.G. Deike
1990, Journal of Hydrology (112) 335-373
Rates of dolomite dissolution can be used to test the concept, based on geomorphologic evidence, that a major part of the Edwards aquifer could have formed within the Holocene, a timeframe of approximately 10,000 years. During formation of the aquifer in the Edwards limestone (Cretaceous, Albian) of the Balcones fault...
Monitoring moisture storage in trees using time domain reflectometry
J. Constantz, F. Murphy
1990, Journal of Hydrology (119) 31-42
Laboratory and field tests were performed to examine the feasibility of using time domain reflectometry (TDR) to monitor changes in the moisture storage of the woody parts of trees. To serve as wave guides for the TDR signal, pairs of stainless steel rods (13 cm long, 0.32 cm in diameter,...
Simulation of dispersion in layered coastal aquifer systems
T. E. Reilly
1990, Journal of Hydrology (114) 211-228
A density-dependent solute-transport formulation is used to examine ground-water flow in layered coastal aquifers. The numerical experiments indicate that although the transition zone may be thought of as an impermeable 'sharp' interface with freshwater flow parallel to the transition zone in homogeneous aquifers, this is not the case for layered...
Using 222Rn to examine groundwater/surface discharge interaction in the Rio Grande de Manati, Puerto Rico
K. Kelly Ellins, A. Roman-Mas, R. Lee
1990, Journal of Hydrology (115) 319-341
222Rn was used in the karst drainage basin of the Rio Grande de Manati in Puerto Rico to study groundwater/surface flow relationships. Locations of groundwater influx along two sections of the Rio Grande de Manati were identified. The 222Rn measurements were used together with stream discharge data in a mass balance...
A method to extract soil water for stable isotope analysis
Kinga M. Revesz, Peter H. Woods
1990, Journal of Hydrology (115) 397-406
A method has been developed to extract soil water for determination of deuterium (D) and 18O content. The principle of this method is based on the observation that water and toluene form an azeotropic mixture at 84.1°C, but are completely immiscible at ambient temperature. In a specially designed distillation apparatus, the...
Storm-runoff generation in the Permanente Creek drainage basin, west central California - An example of flood-wave effects on runoff composition
K.M. Nolan, B. R. Hill
1990, Journal of Hydrology (113) 343-367
Variations in the isotopic and chemical composition of storm runoff in the 10.6-km2 Permanente Creek basin, Santa Clara County, California, indicate that changes in water composition lag behind changes in streamflow. This lag occurs even though field observations and rainfall-runoff modeling indicate that much of the storm runoff must be...
Effect of faults on fluid flow and chloride contamination in a carbonate aquifer system
M.L. Maslia, D.C. Prowell
1990, Journal of Hydrology (115) 1-49
A unified, multidiscipline hypothesis is proposed to explain the anomalous pattern by which chloride has been found in water of the Upper Floridan aquifer in Brunswick, Glynn County, Georgia. Analyses of geophysical, hydraulic, water chemistry, and aquifer test data using the equivalent porous medium (EPM) approach are used to support...
Theory and application of an approximate model of saltwater upconing in aquifers
C. McElwee, M. Kemblowski
1990, Journal of Hydrology (115) 139-163
Motion and mixing of salt water and fresh water are vitally important for water-resource development throughout the world. An approximate model of saltwater upconing in aquifers is developed, which results in three non-linear coupled equations for the freshwater zone, the saltwater zone, and the transition zone. The description of the...
Movement and fate of atrazine and bromide in central Kansas croplands
M. Sophocleous, M.A. Townsend, Donald O. Whittemore
1990, Journal of Hydrology (115) 115-137
Two flooding experiments were conducted at two sites with different soils to study the transport and fate of the commonly used herbicide atrazine and inorganic chemicals in the Great Bend Prairie croplands of south-central Kansas. The instantaneous profile method supplemented by the use of an organic (atrazine) and an inorganic...
Topographic effects on flow path and surface water chemistry of the Llyn Brianne catchments in Wales
D.M. Wolock, G.M. Hornberger, T.J. Musgrove
1990, Journal of Hydrology (115) 243-259
Topographic shape is a watershed attribute thought to influence the flow path followed by water as it traverses a catchment. Flow path, in turn, may affect the chemical composition of surface waters. Topography is quantified in the hydrological model TOPMODEL as the relative frequency distribution of the index ln(atanB), where...
Modelling streamwater chemistry as a mixture of soilwater end-members - An application to the Panola Mountain catchment, Georgia, U.S.A.
R. P. Hooper, N. Christophersen, N.E. Peters
1990, Journal of Hydrology (116) 321-343
Streamwater chemistry at Panola Mountain research catchment, Georgia, U.S.A., is explained as a mixture of representative soilwater solutions that are considered to be temporally invariant to a first approximation. The selection of three end-members from all sampled soil waters is evaluated by comparing the observed and predicted streamwater concentration of...
Modelling streamwater chemistry as a mixture of soilwater end-members - A step towards second-generation acidification models
N. Christophersen, C. Neal, R. P. Hooper, R.D. Vogt, S. Andersen
1990, Journal of Hydrology (116) 307-320
In present acidification models, soilwater characteristics, though modelled, are seldom checked against field observations. Given that such data are now collected as part of many catchment studies, a technique is developed whereby stream water can be predicted as a mixture of the observed soilwater classes or end-members. Provided that a...
National water summary 1987: Hydrologic events and water supply and use
United States Geological Survey
1990, Water Supply Paper 2350
Water use in the United States, as measured by freshwater withdrawals in 1985, averaged 338,000 Mgal/d (million gallons per day), which is enough water to cover the 48 conterminous States to a depth of about 2.4 inches. Only 92,300 Mgal/d, or 27.3 percent of the water withdrawn, was consumptive use...
Hydrology, aquatic macrophytes, and water quality of Black Earth Creek and its tributaries, Dane County, Wisconsin, 1985-86
S. J. Field, D.J. Graczyk
1990, Water-Resources Investigations Report 89-4089
An intensive data-collection program for the Black Earth Creek basin in southern Wisconsin was conducted from October 1984 through September 1986 to assess the hydrology, aquatic macrophytes, and water quality in Black Earth Creek by the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. Three sites...
Hydrologic characteristics of the Great Salt Lake, Utah: 1847-1986
Ted Arnow, Doyle W. Stephens
1990, Water Supply Paper 2332
The Great Salt Lake in Utah is a large body of water bordered on the west by barren desert and on the east by a major metropolitan area. It is the fourth largest terminal lake in the world, covering about 2,300 square miles in 1986. Since its historic low elevation...
A point-infiltration model for estimating runoff from rainfall on small basins in semiarid areas of Wyoming
James G. Rankl
1990, Water Supply Paper 2366
A physically based point-infiltration model was developed for computing infiltration of rainfall into soils and the resulting runoff from small basins in Wyoming. The user describes a 'design storm' in terms of average rainfall intensity and storm duration. Information required to compute runoff for the design storm by using the...
Geohydrology and simulated effects of large ground-water withdrawals on the Mississippi River alluvial aquifer in northwestern Mississippi
D. M. Sumner, Billie E. Wasson
1990, Water Supply Paper 2292
The 7,000-square-mile Mississippi River alluvial plain in northwestern Mississippi, locally known as the 'Delta,' is underlain by a prolific aquifer that yielded about 1,100 million gallons per day of water to irrigation wells in 1983. About 20 feet of clay underlying the Delta land surface commonly is underlain by about...
