Dating by cosmogenic nuclides
Paul R. Bierman, Adrian Bender, Andrew J. Christ, Lee B. Corbett, Christopher T. Halsted, Eric W. Portenga, Amanda H. Schmidt
2021, Book chapter, Encyclopedia of geology
Since the 1990s, cosmogenic nuclides have revolutionized the study of Earth surface processes, particularly the understanding of rates and dates. These nuclides, including 3He, 10Be, 14C, 21Ne, 26Al, and 36Cl, enable dating of landforms and the measurement of erosion rates both at the scale of drainage basins and at specific locations on Earth's surface. Cosmogenic nuclides are produced...
Forest restoration and fuels reduction: Convergent or divergent?
Scott L. Stephens, Mike A. Battaglia, Derek J. Churchill, Brandon M. Collins, Michelle Coppoletta, Chad M. Hoffman, Jamie M. Lydersen, Malcolm P. North, Russell A. Parsons, Scott M. Ritter, Jens Stevens
2021, BioScience (71) 85-101
For over 20 years, forest fuel reduction has been the dominant management action in western US forests. These same actions have also been associated with the restoration of highly altered frequent-fire forests. Perhaps the vital element in the compatibility of these treatments is that both need to incorporate the...
Monitoring volcanic deformation
Maurizio Battaglia, Jorge Alpala, Rosa Alpala, Mario Angarita, Dario Arcos, Leonardo Euillades, Pablo Euillades, Cyril Muller, Lourdes Narvaez
2021, Book chapter, Encyclopedia of geology
Deformation signals recorded at volcanoes have long been used to infer the processes behind subsurface magma intrusions. Monitoring strategies vary greatly depending on several factors such as the activity of the individual volcano, access, available personnel, and funding.Certain geodetic monitoring methods, such as Electronic Distance Measurements, are inexpensive but require that scientists...
Karst geology of the Upper Midwest, USA
Daniel H. Doctor, E. Calvin Alexander Jr.
2021, Book chapter, Caves and Karst of the Upper Midwest, USA
Karst in the Upper Midwest occurs within a thick sequence of mixed carbonate and siliciclastic Cambrian through Pennsylvanian sedimentary rocks, with a minor occurrence of karst in Proterozoic sandstone. Deposition of the sediments occurred on a marine epeiric ramp that spanned much of the North American continent through most...
USGS Illinois River Monitoring and Evaluation
Travis J. Harrison, Kevin D. Hop, Enrika Hlavacek, Brent C. Knights
2021, Report, 2020 Interim summary report: Asian carp monitoring and response plan
No abstract available....
Interactive PHREEQ-N-AMDTreat water-quality modeling tools to evaluate performance and design of treatment systems for acid mine drainage
Charles A. Cravotta III
2021, Applied Geochemistry (126)
The PHREEQ-N-AMDTreat aqueous geochemical modeling tools described herein simulate changes in pH and solute concentrations resulting from passive and active treatment of acidic or alkaline mine drainage (AMD). The “user-friendly” interactive tools, which are publicly available software, utilize PHREEQC equilibrium aqueous and surface speciation models and...
Predator and prey events at the entrance of a surface‐oriented fish collector at North Fork Dam, Oregon
Collin D. Smith, John M. Plumb, Noah S. Adams, Garth J Wyatt
2021, Fisheries Management and Ecology (28) 172-182
Quantifiable estimates of predator–prey interactions and relationships in aquatic habitats are difficult to obtain and rare, especially when individuals cannot be readily observed. To overcome this observational impediment, imaging sonar was used to assess the cooccurrence of predator‐size fish and juvenile salmonids, Oncorhynchus spp., at the entrance to a floating surface collector...
Climate and Ecological Disturbance Analysis of Engelmann spruce and Douglas fir in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem
Brittany Rinaldi, R. Stockton Maxwell, Thomas Callahan, Rebecca Lynn Brice, Karen Heeter, Grant L. Harley
2021, Trees, Forests, and People (3)
The effects of anthropogenic climate change are apparent in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (GYE), USA, with forest die-off, insect outbreaks, and wildfires impacting forest ecosystems. A long-term perspective would enable assessment of the historical range of variability in forest ecosystems and better...
Assessment of two techniques for remediation of lacustrine rocky reef spawning habitat
Alex Gatch, S.K. Koenigbauer, Edward F. Roseman, T. Hook
2021, North American Journal of Fisheries Management (41) 484-497
Rocky reef habitats in lacustrine systems constitute important areas for lithophilic‐spawning fishes. Interstitial spaces created by the structure of rocky reefs form microenvironments where incubating embryos and juvenile fish are potentially protected from predators and physical displacement. However, if interstitial spaces are filled or blocked by...
Coal-mining intensity influences species and trait distributions of stream fishes in two Central Appalachian watersheds
Zachary P. Martin, Paul L. Angermeier, Serena Ciparis, Donald J. Orth
2021, Ecology of Freshwater Fish (30) 347-365
Documenting responses of biotic assemblages to coal-mining impacts is crucial to informing regulatory and reclamation actions. However, attributing biotic patterns to specific stressors is difficult given the dearth of preimpact studies and prevalence of confounding factors. Analysing species distributions and abundances, especially stratified by species traits, provides insights into how...
Characterizing patterns of genomic variation in the threatened Utah prairie dog: Implications for conservation and management
Rachel M. Giglio, Tonie E. Rocke, Jorge E. Osorio, Emily K. Latch
2021, Evolutionary Applications (14) 1036-1051
Utah prairie dogs (Cynomys parvidens) are federally threatened due to eradication campaigns, habitat destruction, and outbreaks of plague. Today, Utah prairie dogs exist in small, isolated populations, making them less demographically stable and more susceptible to erosion of genetic variation by genetic drift. We characterized patterns...
Nanopore amplicon sequencing reveals molecular convergence and local adaptation of rhodopsin in Great Lakes salmonids
Katherine Eaton, Moises Bernal, Nathan Backenstose, Daniel Yule, Trevor J. Krabbenhoft
2021, Genome Biology and Evolution (13)
Local adaptation can drive diversification of closely related species across environmental gradients and promote convergence of distantly related taxa that experience similar conditions. We examined a potential case of adaptation to novel visual environments in a species flock (Great Lakes salmonids, genus Coregonus) using a new amplicon genotyping protocol on the...
Drivers and projections of ice phenology in mountain lakes in the western United States
Timothy J Caldwell, Sudeep Chandra, Thomas Albright, Adrian Harpold, Thomas Dills, Jonathan Greenberg, Steven Sadro, Michael D. Dettinger
2021, Limnology and Oceanography (66) 995-1008
Climate change is causing rapid warming and altered precipitation patterns in mountain watersheds, both of which influence the timing of ice breakup in mountain lakes. To enable predictions of ice breakup in the future, we analyzed a dataset of mountain lake ice breakup dates derived from remote sensing and historical...
Terrestrial wildlife in the post-mined Appalachian landscape: Status and opportunities
Christopher M. Lituma, John J. Cox, Stephen F. Spear, John W. Edwards, Jesse L. De La Cruz, Lisa I. Muller, W. Mark Ford
2021, Book chapter, Appalachia's coal-mined landscapes
Coal mining is an anthropogenic stressor that has impacted terrestrial and semi-aquatic wildlife in the Appalachian Plateau since European settlement. Creation of grassland and early-successional habitats resulting from mining in a forested landscape has resulted in novel, non-analog habitat conditions. Depending on the taxa, the extent of mining on the...
Optimal sampling design for spatial capture‐recapture
Gates Dupont, J. Andrew Royle, Muhammad Ali Nawaz, Chris Sutherland
2021, Ecology (102)
Spatial capture‐recapture (SCR) has emerged as the industry standard for estimating population density by leveraging information from spatial locations of repeat encounters of individuals. The precision of density estimates depends fundamentally on the number and spatial configuration of traps. Despite this knowledge, existing sampling design recommendations are heuristic and their...
Is there enough water? How bearish and bullish outlooks are linked to decision-maker perspectives on environmental flows
Sean M. Wineland, Rachel Fovargue, Betsey York, Abigail Lynch, Craig P. Paukert, Thomas M. Neeson
2021, Journal of Environmental Management (280)
Policies that mandate environmental flows (e-flows) can be powerful tools for freshwater conservation, but implementation of these policies faces many hurdles. To better understand these challenges, we explored two key questions: (1) What additional data are needed to implement e-flows? and...
Metabarcoding assays for the detection of freshwater mussels (Unionida) with environmental DNA
Katy E. Klymus, Catherine A. Richter, Nathan Thompson, Jo Ellen Hinck, Jess W. Jones
2021, Environmental DNA (3) 231-247
Freshwater mussels of the order Unionida are a widely distributed taxon that are important in maintaining freshwater ecosystems and are also highly imperiled throughout the world. Monitoring of mussel populations with environmental DNA (eDNA) is an attractive alternative to traditional methods because it is noninvasive and...
Time-to-detection occupancy methods: Performance and utility for improving efficiency of surveys
Brian J. Halstead, Jonathan P. Rose, Patrick M. Kleeman
2021, Ecological Applications (31)
Occupancy methods propelled the quantitative study of species distributions forward by separating the observation process, or the imperfect detectability of species, from the ecological processes of interest governing species distributions. Occupancy studies come at a cost, however: the collection of additional data to account for nondetections...
Detectability and abundance of snowy plovers at Salt Plains National Wildlife Refuge, Oklahoma
K. M. Heath-Acre, W. C. Conway, Clint W. Boal, D. P. Collins, G. Hensley, W. P. Johnson, P. M. Schmidt
2021, Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management (12) 50-60
In the past two decades, Salt Plains National Wildlife Refuge has been increasingly recognized as important habitat for both breeding and migratory shorebirds. North American snowy plovers Charadrius nivosus in particular rely on the nearly 5,000-ha salt flat at Salt Plains National Wildlife Refuge, which thousands use as breeding and stopover habitat....
Warming and microbial uptake influence the fate of added soil carbon across a Hawai'ian weathering gradient
Avishesh Neupane, Sasha C. Reed, Daniela F. Cusack
2021, Soil Biology and Biochemistry (153)
Tropical forest soils contain some of the largest carbon (C) stocks on Earth, yet the effects of warming on the fate of fresh C entering tropical soils are still poorly understood. This research sought to understand how the fate of fresh...
Influence of water temperature and biotic interactions on the distribution of westslope cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii lewisi) in a population stronghold under climate change
Kadie Heinle, Lisa A Eby, Clint C. Muhlfeld, Amber Steed, Leslie Jones, Vincent S. D’Angelo, Andrew R. Whiteley, Mark Hubblewhite
2021, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences (78) 444-456
Climate warming is expected to have substantial impacts on native trout across the Rocky Mountains, but there is little understanding of how these changes affect future distributions of co-occurring native fishes within population strongholds. We used mixed-effects logistic regression to investigate the role of abiotic (e.g., temperature) and biotic factors...
Small mammal responses to wetland restoration in the Greater Everglades ecosystem
Stephanie Romanach, Laura D’Acunto, Julia Chapman, Matthew R Hanson
2021, Restoration Ecology (29)
Wetlands have experienced dramatic losses in extent around the world, disrupting ecosystem function, habitat, and biodiversity. In Florida’s Greater Everglades, a massive restoration effort costing billions of dollars and spanning multiple decades is underway. As Everglades restoration is implemented in incremental projects, scientists and planners monitor the outcomes of projects....
A comparison of plant communities in restored, old field, and remnant coastal prairies
Laura Feher, Larry Allain, Michael Osland, Elisabeth Pigott, Christopher Reid, Nicholas Latiolais
2021, Restoration Ecology (29)
Temperate grasslands are experiencing worldwide declines due to habitat conversion. Grassland restoration efforts are employed to compensate for these losses. However, there is a need to better understand the ecological effects of grassland restoration and management practices. We investigated the effects of three different grassland management regimes on plant communities...
Evaluation of a roughness length parametrization accounting for wind–wave alignment in a coupled atmosphere–wave model
Sara Porchetta, O. Temel, John C. Warner, J.C. Munoz-Esparza, J Monbaliu, J. van Beeck, N. van Lipzig
2021, Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society (147) 825-846
The importance of wind energy as an alternative energy source has increased over the latest years with more focus on offshore winds. A good estimation of the offshore winds is thus of major importance for this industry. Up to now the effect of the wind–wave (mis)alignment has not yet been...
Increasing comparability among coral bleaching experiments
Andrea G. Grottoli, R. J. Toonen, R. van Woesik, R. Vega Thurber, M. E. Warner, R. H. McLachlan, James Price, K. D. Bahr, I. B. Baums, K. Castillo, M. A. Coffroth, R. Cunning, K. Dobson, M. Donahue, James L. Hench, R. Iglesias-Prieto, D. W. Kemp, C. D. Kenkel, D. I. Kline, Ilsa B. Kuffner, Jessica Matthews, A. Mayfield, J. Padilla-Gamino, S. R. Palumbi, C. R. Voolstra, V. M. Weis, H. C. Wu
2021, Ecological Applications (31)
Coral bleaching is the single largest global threat to coral reefs worldwide. Integrating the diverse body of work on coral bleaching is critical to understanding and combating this global problem. Yet investigating the drivers, patterns, and processes of coral bleaching poses a major challenge. A recent review of published experiments...
