Analysis options for estimating status and trends in long-term monitoring
Jonathan Bart, Hawthorne L. Beyer
2012, Book chapter, Design and Analysis of Long-term Ecological Monitoring Studies
This chapter describes methods for estimating long-term trends in ecological parameters. Other chapters in this volume discuss more advanced methods for analyzing monitoring data, but these methods may be relatively inaccessible to some readers. Therefore, this chapter provides an introduction to trend analysis for managers and biologists while also discussing...
Relating management practices and nutrient export in agricultural watersheds of the United States
Lori A. Sprague, Jo Ann M. Gronberg
2012, Journal of Environmental Quality (41) 1939-1950
Relations between riverine export (load) of total nitrogen (N) and total phosphorus (P) from 133 large agricultural watersheds in the United States and factors affecting nutrient transport were evaluated using empirical regression models. After controlling for anthropogenic inputs and other landscape factors affecting nutrient transport-such as runoff, precipitation, slope, number...
Future opportunities and challenges in remote sensing of drought
Brian D. Wardlow, Martha C. Anderson, Justin Sheffield, Brad Doorn, James Verdin, Xiwu Zhan, Matt Rodell
Brian D. Wardlow, Martha C. Anderson, James P. Verdin, editor(s)
2012, Book chapter, Remote sensing of drought: innovative monitoring approaches
The value of satellite remote sensing for drought monitoring was first realized more than two decades ago with the application of Normalized Difference Index (NDVI) data from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) for assessing the effect of drought on vegetation. Other indices such as the Vegetation Health Index...
Western pond turtle: Biology, sampling techniques, inventory and monitoring, conservation, and management: Northwest Fauna No. 7
R.B. Bury, Hartwell H. Welsh Jr., David J. Germano, Donald T. Ashton, editor(s)
2012, Book
One of only two native, freshwater turtle species in the western United States, western pond turtles are declining in portions of their original range. Declines are mostly due to habitat loss, introduction of non-native species, pollution, and lack of connectivity among populations. USGS zoologist R. Bruce Bury and colleagues from...
Tools for quantifying isotopic niche space and dietary variation at the individual and population level.
Seth D. Newsome, Justin D. Yeakel, Patrick V. Wheatley, M. Tim Tinker
2012, Journal of Mammalogy (93) 329-341
Ecologists are increasingly using stable isotope analysis to inform questions about variation in resource and habitat use from the individual to community level. In this study we investigate data sets from 2 California sea otter (Enhydra lutris nereis) populations to illustrate the advantages and potential pitfalls of applying various statistical...
Advances in spectroscopic methods for quantifying soil carbon
James B. Reeves III, Gregory W. McCarty, Francisco Calderon, W. Dean Hively
2012, Book chapter, Managing agricultural greenhouse gases
The current gold standard for soil carbon (C) determination is elemental C analysis using dry combustion. However, this method requires expensive consumables, is limited by the number of samples that can be processed (~100/d), and is restricted to the determination of total carbon. With increased interest in soil C sequestration,...
Molecular dynamics simulation of nitric oxide in myoglobin
Myung Won Lee, Markus Meuwly
2012, Journal of Physical Chemistry (116) 4154-4162
The infrared (IR) spectroscopy and ligand migration of photodissociated nitric oxide (NO) in and around the active sites in myoglobin (Mb) are investigated. A distributed multipolar model for open-shell systems is developed and used, which allows one to realistically describe the charge distribution around the diatomic probe molecule. The IR...
Extreme events, trends, and variability in Northern Hemisphere lake-ice phenology (1855-2005)
Barbara J. Benson, John J. Magnuson, Olaf P. Jensen, Virginia M. Card, Glenn Hodgkins, Johanna Korhonen, David M. Livingstone, Kenton M. Stewart, Gesa A. Weyhenmeyer, Nick G. Granin
2012, Climatic Change (112) 299-323
Often extreme events, more than changes in mean conditions, have the greatest impact on the environment and human well-being. Here we examine changes in the occurrence of extremes in the timing of the annual formation and disappearance of lake ice in the Northern Hemisphere. Both changes in the mean condition...
Well log characterization of natural gas-hydrates
Timothy S. Collett, Myung W. Lee
2012, Book
In the last 25 years there have been significant advancements in the use of well-logging tools to acquire detailed information on the occurrence of gas hydrates in nature: whereas wireline electrical resistivity and acoustic logs were formerly used to identify gas-hydrate occurrences in wells drilled in Arctic permafrost environments, more...
Geostatistical population-mixture approach to unconventional-resource assessment with an application to the Woodford Gas Shale, Arkoma Basin, eastern Oklahoma
Ricardo A. Olea, Ronald Charpentier, Troy A. Cook, David W. Houseknecht, Christopher P. Garrity
David W. Houseknecht, Ronald R. Charpentier, editor(s)
2012, SPE Reservoir Evaluation & Engineering (15) 554-562
Evaluation of resources such as tight sands and gas shales requires the formulation of assessment models that are different from those used for the inference of conventional resources. Formulations in present use are based in classical statistics that ignore the partly organized and partly random geographical variation of attributes related...
Root zone water quality model (RZWQM2): Model use, calibration and validation
Liwang Ma, Lajpat Ahuja, B. T. Nolan, Robert Malone, Thomas Trout, Z. Qi
2012, Transactions of the ASABE (55) 1425-1446
The Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM2) has been used widely for simulating agricultural management effects on crop production and soil and water quality. Although it is a one-dimensional model, it has many desirable features for the modeling community. This article outlines the principles of calibrating the model component by...
The science, information, and engineering needed to manage water availability and quality in 2050
Robert M. Hirsch
2012, Book chapter, Toward a sustainable water future: Visions for 2050
This chapter explores four water resources issues: 1) hydrologic variability, hazards, water supply and ecosystem preservation; 2) urban landscape design; 3) non-point source water quality, and 4) climate change, resiliency, and nonstationarity. It also considers what science, technology, and engineering practice may be needed in the coming decades to...
Near-surface, marine seismic-reflection data defines potential hydrogeologic confinement bypass in a tertiary carbonate aquifer, southeastern Florida
Kevin J. Cunningham, Cameron Walker, Richard L. Westcott
2012, SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts (2012) 1-6
Approximately 210 km of near-surface, high-frequency, marine seismic-reflection data were acquired on the southeastern part of the Florida Platform between 2007 and 2011. Many high-resolution, seismic-reflection profiles, interpretable to a depth of about 730 m, were collected on the shallow-marine shelf of southeastern Florida in water as shallow as 1...
Sources and sinks of nitrogen and phosphorus to a deep, oligotrophic lake, Lake Crescent, Olympic National Park, Washington
P.W. Moran, S.E. Cox, S.S. Embrey, R.L. Huffman, T. D. Olsen, S.C. Fradkin
2012, Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5107
Lake Crescent, in Olympic National Park in the northwest corner of Washington State is a deep-water lake renowned for its pristine water quality and oligotrophic nature. To examine the major sources and sinks of nutrients (as total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and dissolved nitrate), a study was conducted in the Lake...
The 2010 explosive eruption of Java's Merapi volcano—A ‘100-year’ event
Surono, Philippe Jousset, John S. Pallister, Marie Boichu, M. Fabrizia Buongiorno, Agus Budisantoso, Fidel Costa, Supriyati Andreastuti, Fred Prata, David J. Schneider, Lieven Clarisse, Hanik Humaida, Sri Sumarti, Christian Bignami, Julia P. Griswold, Simon A. Carn, Clive Oppenheimer, Franck Lavigne
2012, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research (241-242) 121-135
Merapi volcano (Indonesia) is one of the most active and hazardous volcanoes in the world. It is known for frequent small to moderate eruptions, pyroclastic flows produced by lava dome collapse, and the large population settled on and around the flanks of the volcano that is at risk. Its usual...
Displacement fields from point cloud data: Application of particle imaging velocimetry to landslide geodesy
Arjun Aryal, Benjamin A. Brooks, Mark E. Reid, Gerald W. Bawden, Geno Pawlak
2012, Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface (117) 1-15
Acquiring spatially continuous ground-surface displacement fields from Terrestrial Laser Scanners (TLS) will allow better understanding of the physical processes governing landslide motion at detailed spatial and temporal scales. Problems arise, however, when estimating continuous displacement fields from TLS point-clouds because reflecting points from sequential scans of moving ground are not...
Near‐surface void detection using a seismic landstreamer and horizontal velocity and attenuation tomography
Sean F. Buckley, John W. Lane Jr.
2012, Conference Paper, Symposium on the Application of Geophysics to Engineering and Environmental Problems 2012
The detection and characterization of subsurface voids plays an important role in the study of karst formations and clandestine tunnels. Horizontal velocity and attenuation tomography (HVAT) using offset‐fan shooting and a towed seismic land streamer is a simple, rapid, minimally invasive method that shows promise for detecting near‐surface voids and...
Statistical analyses to support guidelines for marine avian sampling. Final report
Brian P. Kinlan, Elise Zipkin, Allan F. O’Connell, Chris Caldow
2012, NOAA Technical Memorandum NOS NCCOS 158
Interest in development of offshore renewable energy facilities has led to a need for high-quality, statistically robust information on marine wildlife distributions. A practical approach is described to estimate the amount of sampling effort required to have sufficient statistical power to identify species-specific “hotspots” and “coldspots” of marine bird abundance...
The FOBIMO (FOraminiferal BIo-MOnitoring) initiative—Towards a standardised protocol for soft-bottom benthic foraminiferal monitoring studies
Joachim Schoenfeld, Elisabeth Alve, Emmanuelle Geslin, Frans Jorissen, Sergei Korsun, Silva Spezzaferri, Sigal Abramovich, Ahuva Almogi-Labin, Eric Armynot du Chatelet, Christine Barras, Luisa Bergamin, Erica Bicchi, Vincent Bouchet, Alejandro Cearreta, Letizia Di Bella, Noortje Dijkstra, Sibelle Trevisan Disaro, Luciana Ferraro, Fabrizio Frontalini, Giordana Gennari, Elena Golikova, Kristin Haynert, Silvia Hess, Katrine Husum, Virginia Martins, Mary McGann, Shai Oron, Elena Romano, Silvia Mello Sousa, Akira Tsujimoto
2012, Marine Micropaleontology (94-95) 1-13
The European Community Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) was established to provide guidelines for monitoring the quality of marine ecosystems. Monitoring the status of marine environments is traditionally based on macrofauna surveys, for which standardised methods have been established. Benthic foraminifera are also good indicators of environmental status because of...
A generalized model for estimating the energy density of invertebrates
Daniel A. James, Isak J. Csargo, Aaron Von Eschen, Megan D. Thul, James M. Baker, Cari-Ann Hayer, Jessica Howell, Jacob Krause, Alex Letvin, Steven R. Chipps
2012, Freshwater Science (31) 69-77
Invertebrate energy density (ED) values are traditionally measured using bomb calorimetry. However, many researchers rely on a few published literature sources to obtain ED values because of time and sampling constraints on measuring ED with bomb calorimetry. Literature values often do not account for spatial or temporal variability associated with...
Photodissolution of soil organic matter
L.M. Mayer, K.R. Thornton, L.L. Schick, J.D. Jastrow, Jennifer W. Harden
2012, Geoderma (170) 314-321
Sunlight has been shown to enhance loss of organic matter from aquatic sediments and terrestrial plant litter, so we tested for similar reactions in mineral soil horizons. Losses of up to a third of particulate organic carbon occurred after continuous exposure to full-strength sunlight for dozens of hours, with similar...
Population fragmentation and inter-ecosystem movements of grizzly bears in Western Canada and the Northern United States
M.F. Proctor, David Paetkau, B. N. McLellan, G.B. Stenhouse, K.C. Kendall, R.D. Mace, W.F. Kasworm, C. Servheen, C.L. Lausen, M.L. Gibeau, W.L. Wakkinen, M.A. Haroldson, G. Mowat, C.D. Apps, L.M. Ciarniello, R.M.R. Barclay, M.S. Boyce, C.C. Schwartz, C. Strobeck
2012, Wildlife Monographs 1-46
Population fragmentation compromises population viability, reduces a species ability to respond to climate change, and ultimately may reduce biodiversity. We studied the current state and potential causes of fragmentation in grizzly bears over approximately 1,000,000 km 2 of western Canada, the northern United States (US), and southeast Alaska. We...
Wolf population dynamics in the U.S. Northern Rocky Mountains are affected by recruitment and human-caused mortality
J.A. Gude, M.S. Mitchell, Robin E. Russell, C.A. Sime, E.E. Bangs, L.D. Mech, R.R. Ream
2012, Journal of Wildlife Management (76) 108-118
Reliable analyses can help wildlife managers make good decisions, which are particularly critical for controversial decisions such as wolf (Canis lupus) harvest. Creel and Rotella (2010) recently predicted substantial population declines in Montana wolf populations due to harvest, in contrast to predictions made by Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks (MFWP)....
A preliminary assessment of the spatial sources of contemporary suspended sediment in the Ohio River basin, United States, using water quality data from the NASQAN programme in a source tracing procedure
Y.-S. Zhang, A.L. Collins, Arthur J. Horowitz
2012, Hydrological Processes (26) 326-334
Reliable information on catchment scale suspended sediment sources is required to inform the design of management strategies for helping abate the numerous environmental issues associated with enhanced sediment mobilization and off‐site loadings. Since sediment fingerprinting techniques avoid many of the logistical constraints associated with using more traditional indirect measurement methods...
Time lapse photography as an approach to understanding glide avalanche activity
Jordy Hendrikx, Erich H. Peitzsch, Daniel B. Fagre
2012, Conference Paper, Proceedings, 2012 International Snow Science Workshop
Avalanches resulting from glide cracks are notoriously difficult to forecast, but are a recurring problem for numerous avalanche forecasting programs. In some cases glide cracks are observed to open and then melt away in situ. In other cases, they open and then fail catastrophically as large, full-depth avalanches. Our understanding...
