Nutrient loadings to streams of the Continental United States from municipal and industrial effluent
M.A. Maupin, T. Ivahnenko
2011, Journal of the American Water Resources Association (47) 950-964
Data from the United States Environmental Protection Agency Permit Compliance System national database were used to calculate annual total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) loads to surface waters from municipal and industrial facilities in six major regions of the United States for 1992, 1997, and 2002. Concentration and effluent...
The influence of irrigation water on the hydrology and lake water budgets of two small arid-climate lakes in Khorezm, Uzbekistan
J. Scott, Michael R. Rosen, L. Saito, D.L. Decker
2011, Journal of Hydrology (410) 114-125
Little is known regarding the origins and hydrology of hundreds of small lakes located in the western Uzbekistan province of Khorezm, Central Asia. Situated in the Aral Sea Basin, Khorezm is a productive agricultural region, growing mainly cotton, wheat, and rice. Irrigation is provided by an extensive canal network that...
Investigating the spatial distribution of water levels in the Mackenzie Delta using airborne LiDAR
C. Hopkinson, N. Crasto, P. Marsh, D. Forbes, L. Lesack
2011, Hydrological Processes (25) 2995-3011
Airborne light detection and ranging (LiDAR) data were used to map water level (WL) and hydraulic gradients (δH/δx) in the Mackenzie Delta. The LiDAR WL data were validated against eight independent hydrometric gauge measurements and demonstrated mean offsets from − 0·22 to + 0·04 m (σ< 0·11). LiDAR‐based WL gradients...
Sparrow modeling to understand water-quality conditions in major regions of the United States: A featured collection introduction
S. D. Preston, R. B. Alexander, D.M. Wolock
2011, Journal of the American Water Resources Association (47) 887-890
No abstract available....
Investigation of preparation techniques for δ2H analysis of keratin materials and a proposed analytical protocol
H. Qi, T.B. Coplen
2011, Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry (25) 2209-2222
Accurate hydrogen isotopic measurements of keratin materials have been a challenge due to exchangeable hydrogen in the sample matrix and the paucity of appropriate isotopic reference materials for calibration. We found that the most reproducible δ2HVSMOW-SLAP and mole fraction of exchangeable hydrogen, x(H)ex, of keratin materials were measured with equilibration...
Fluoride geochemistry of thermal waters in Yellowstone National Park: I. Aqueous fluoride speciation
Y. Deng, D. Kirk Nordstrom, R. Blaine McCleskey
2011, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (75) 4476-4489
Thermal water samples from Yellowstone National Park (YNP) have a wide range of pH (1–10), temperature, and high concentrations of fluoride (up to 50 mg/l). High fluoride concentrations are found in waters with field pH higher than 6 (except those in Crater Hills) and temperatures higher than 50 °C based on data...
The dark side of the hyporheic zone: Depth profiles of nitrogen and its processing in stream sediments
R.S. Stelzer, L.A. Bartsch, W. B. Richardson, E.A. Strauss
2011, Freshwater Biology (56) 2021-2033
1. Although it is well known that sediments can be hot spots for nitrogen transformation in streams, many previous studies have confined measurements of denitrification and nitrate retention to shallow sediments (<5 cm deep). We determined the extent of nitrate processing in deeper sediments of a sand plains stream (Emmons Creek)...
Short-term survival and effects of transmitter implantation into western grebes using a modified surgical procedure
Joseph K. Gaydos, J. Gregory Massey, Daniel M. Mulcahy, Lori A. Gaskins, David Nysewander, Joseph Evenson, Paul B. Siegel, Michael H. Ziccardi
2011, Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine (42) 414-425
Two pilot trials and one study in a closely related grebe species suggest that Western grebes (Aechmophorus occidentalis) will not tolerate intracoelomic transmitter implantation with percutaneous antennae and often die within days of surgery. Wild Western grebes (n = 21) were captured to evaluate a modified surgical technique. Seven birds...
Phytoscreening for chlorinated solvents using rapid in vitro SPME sampling: Application to urban plume in Verl, Germany
M.A. Limmer, J.-C. Balouet, F. Karg, D.A. Vroblesky, J.G. Burken
2011, Environmental Science & Technology (45) 8276-8282
Rapid detection and delineation of contaminants in urban settings is critically important in protecting human health. Cores from trees growing above a plume of contaminated groundwater in Verl, Germany, were collected in 1 day, with subsequent analysis and plume mapping completed over several days. Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) analysis was applied...
Oxygen-isotope trends and seawater temperature changes across the Late Cambrian Steptoean positive carbon-isotope excursion (SPICE event)
M. Elrick, S. Rieboldt, M. Saltzman, R.M. McKay
2011, Geology (39) 987-990
The globally recognized Late Cambrian Steptoean positive C-isotope excursion (SPICE) is characterized by a 3‰–5‰ positive δ13C shift spanning <4 m.y. Existing hypotheses suggest that the SPICE represents a widespread ocean anoxic event leading to enhanced burial/preservation of organic matter (Corg) and pyrite. We analyzed...
An equation of state for hypersaline water in Great Salt Lake, Utah, USA
D. L. Naftz, F.J. Millero, B.F. Jones, W. R. Green
2011, Aquatic Geochemistry (17) 809-820
Great Salt Lake (GSL) is one of the largest and most saline lakes in the world. In order to accurately model limnological processes in GSL, hydrodynamic calculations require the precise estimation of water density (ρ) under a variety of environmental conditions. An equation of state was developed with water samples...
Gas hydrate saturation from acoustic impedance and resistivity logs in the Shenhu area, south China Sea
X. Wang, S. Wu, M. Lee, Y. Guo, S. Yang, J. Liang
2011, Marine and Petroleum Geology (28) 1625-1633
During the China’s first gas hydrate drilling expedition -1 (GMGS-1), gas hydrate was discovered in layers ranging from 10 to 25 m above the base of gas hydrate stability zone in the Shenhu area, South China Sea. Water chemistry, electrical resistivity logs, and acoustic impedance were used to estimate gas hydrate...
Implementation and modification of a three-dimensional radiation stress formulation for surf zone and rip-current applications
N. Kumar, G. Voulgaris, John C. Warner
2011, Coastal Engineering (58) 1097-1117
Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS v 3.0), a three-dimensional numerical ocean model, was previously enhanced for shallow water applications by including wave-induced radiation stress forcing provided through coupling to wave propagation models (SWAN, REF/DIF). This enhancement made it suitable for surf zone applications as demonstrated using examples of obliquely incident...
Loss of volatile hydrocarbons from an LNAPL oil source
Mary Jo Baedecker, Robert P. Eganhouse, Barbara A. Bekins, Geoffrey N. Delin
2011, Journal of Contaminant Hydrology (126) 140-152
The light nonaqueous phase liquid (LNAPL) oil pool in an aquifer that resulted from a pipeline spill near Bemidji, Minnesota, was analyzed for volatile hydrocarbons (VHCs) to determine if the composition of the oil remains constant over time. Oil samples were obtained from wells at five locations in the oil...
Globorotalia truncatulinoides (dextral) Mg/Ca as a proxy for Gulf of Mexico winter mixed-layer temperature: evidence from a sediment trap in the northern Gulf of Mexico
Jessica W. Spear, Richard Z. Poore, Terrence M. Quinn
2011, Marine Micropaleontology (80) 53-61
Three years of weekly- to biweekly-resolved sediment-trap data show that almost 90% of the total flux of tests of the planktic foraminifer Globorotalia truncatulinoides to sediments in the northern Gulf of Mexico occurs in January and February. Comparison of δ18O from tests of non-encrusted Gl. truncatulinoides in sediment-trap samples with...
Precision of two methods for estimating age from burbot otoliths
W.H. Edwards, M.A. Stapanian, A.T. Stoneman
2011, Journal of Applied Ichthyology (27) 43-48
Lower reproductive success and older age structure are associated with many burbot (Lota lota L.) populations that are declining or of conservation concern. Therefore, reliable methods for estimating the age of burbot are critical for effective assessment and management. In Lake Erie, burbot populations have declined in recent years due...
Simulation of branched serial first-order decay of atrazine and metabolites in adapted and nonadapted soils
R. M. Webb, Mark W. Sandstrom, L.J. Krutz, D. L. Shaner
2011, Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (30) 1973-1981
In the present study a branched serial first‐order decay (BSFOD) model is presented and used to derive transformation rates describing the decay of a common herbicide, atrazine, and its metabolites observed in unsaturated soils adapted to previous atrazine applications and in soils with no history of atrazine applications. Calibration of...
Factors controlling the early stages of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia epizootics: Low exposure levels, virus amplification and fish-to-fish transmission
P.K. Hershberger, J.L. Gregg, C.A. Grady, L.M. Hart, S.R. Roon, J. R. Winton
2011, Journal of Fish Diseases (34) 893-899
Viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus, Genogroup IVa (VHSV), was highly infectious to Pacific herring, Clupea pallasii (Valenciennes), even at exposure doses occurring below the threshold of sensitivity for a standard viral plaque assay; however, further progression of the disease to a population‐level epizootic required viral amplification and effective fish‐to‐fish transmission. Among groups of...
Patterns in young-of-year smallmouth bass microhabitat use in multiple stream segments with contrasting land uses
S.K. Brewer
2011, Fisheries Management and Ecology (18) 506-512
Young‐of‐the‐year (YOY) smallmouth bass, Micropterus dolomieu Lacepéde, were evaluated in streams from eight catchments with two contrasting land uses to determine their use of microhabitats under a variety of stream conditions. Step‐wise discriminant function analyses revealed patterns of habitat use by discriminating used from available microhabitat conditions. Velocity was significant in 88%...
Comparing laser-based open- and closed-path gas analyzers to measure methane fluxes using the eddy covariance method
Matteo Detto, Joseph Verfaillie, Frank Anderson, Liukang Xu, Dennis Baldocchi
2011, Agricultural and Forest Meteorology (151) 1312-1324
Closed- and open-path methane gas analyzers are used in eddy covariance systems to compare three potential methane emitting ecosystems in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta (CA, USA): a rice field, a peatland pasture and a restored wetland. The study points out similarities and differences of the systems in field experiments and...
A comparison of methods to assess long-term changes in Sonoran Desert vegetation
S.M. Munson, R. H. Webb, J.A. Hubbard
2011, Journal of Arid Environments (75) 1228-1231
Knowledge about the condition of vegetation cover and composition is critical for assessing the structure and function of ecosystems. To effectively quantify the impacts of a rapidly changing environment, methods to track long-term trends of vegetation must be precise, repeatable, and time- and cost-efficient. Measuring vegetation cover and composition in...
Bed morphology, flow structure, and sediment transport at the outlet of Lake Huron and in the upper St. Clair River
J. A. Czuba, J.L. Best, K. A. Oberg, D.R. Parsons, P.R. Jackson, M.H. Garcia, P. Ashmore
2011, Journal of Great Lakes Research (37) 480-493
An integrated multibeam echo sounder and acoustic Doppler current profiler field survey was conducted in July 2008 to investigate the morphodynamics of the St. Clair River at the outlet of Lake Huron. The principal morphological features of the upper St. Clair River included flow-transverse bedforms that appear weakly mobile, erosive bedforms in cohesive muds, thin non-cohesive veneers of...
Evaluation of influence of sediment on the sensitivity of a unionid mussel (Lampsilis siliquoidea) to ammonia in 28-day water exposures
N. Wang, R.A. Consbrock, C.G. Ingersoll, M.C. Barnhart
2011, Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (30) 2270-2276
A draft update of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency ambient water quality criteria (AWQC) for ammonia substantially lowers the ammonia AWQC, primarily due to the inclusion of toxicity data for freshwater mussels. However, most of the mussel data used in the updated AWQC were generated from water-only exposures and limited...
High-precision measurement of variations in calcium isotope ratios in urine by multiple collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry
J.L.L. Morgan, G.W. Gordon, R.C. Arrua, J.L. Skulan, A.D. Anbar, T.D. Bullen
2011, Analytical Chemistry (83) 6956-6962
We describe a new chemical separation method to isolate Ca from other matrix elements in biological samples, developed with the long-term goal of making high-precision measurement of natural stable Ca isotope variations a clinically applicable tool to assess bone mineral balance. A new two-column procedure utilizing HBr achieves the purity...
40Ar* loss in experimentally deformed muscovite and biotite with implications for 40Ar/39Ar geochronology of naturally deformed rocks
M. Cosca, H. Stunitz, A.-L. Bourgeix, J.P. Lee
2011, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (75) 7759-7778
The effects of deformation on radiogenic argon (40Ar∗) retentivity in mica are described from high pressure experiments performed on rock samples of peraluminous granite containing euhedral muscovite and biotite. Cylindrical cores, ∼15 mm in length and 6.25 mm in diameter, were drilled from granite collected from the South Armorican Massif in...
