Young (<7 Ma) gold deposits and active geothermal systems of the Great Basin: Enigmas, questions, and exploration potential
Mark F. Coolbaugh, Peter G. Vikre, James E. Faulds
2011, Conference Paper, Geological Society of Nevada Symposium 2010: Great Basin Evolution and Metallogeny
Young gold systems in the Great Basin (£ 7 Ma), though not as well studied as their older counterparts, comprise a rapidly growing and in some ways controversial group. The gold inventory for these systems has more than doubled in the last 5 years from roughly 370 tonnes (12 Moz)...
Nitrogen contamination of surficial aquifers - A growing legacy
Larry J. Puckett, Anthony J. Tesoriero, Neil M. Dubrovsky
2011, Environmental Science & Technology (45) 839-844
The virtual ubiquity of fertilizer-fed agriculture, increasing over several decades, has become necessary to support the global human population. Ironically, widespread use of nitrogen (N) has contaminated another vital resource: surficial fresh groundwater. Further, as nitrous oxide (N2O) is a potent greenhouse gas, anthropogenic manipulation of...
Survival of angled saugers in the lower Tennessee River
Christy L. Kitterman, Phillip William Bettoli
2011, North American Journal of Fisheries Management (31) 567-573
An intense winter fishery for sauger Sander canadensis exists in the lower Tennessee River, and the objective of this study was to estimate the survival of angled saugers. In February 2008 and January–March 2009, 81 angled saugers (72 live plus 9 euthanized) were affixed with ultrasonic tags. The movements...
Disaster risk assessment case study: Recent drought on the Navajo Nation, USA
Margaret Hiza, Klara B. Kelley, Harris Francis, Debra Block
2011, Report, 2011 Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk Reduction
The Navajo Nation is an ecologically sensitive semi-arid to arid section of the southern Colorado Plateau. In this remote part of the United States, located at the Four Corners (Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado, and Utah), traditional people live a subsistence lifestyle that is inextricably tied to, and dependent upon, landscape...
Understanding interaction effects of climate change and fire management on bird distributions through combined process and habitat models
Joseph D. White, Kevin J. Gutzwiller, Wylie C. Barrow, Lori Johnson-Randall, Lisa Zygo, Pamela Swint
2011, Conservation Biology (25) 536-546
Avian conservation efforts must account for changes in vegetation composition and structure associated with climate change. We modeled vegetation change and the probability of occurrence of birds to project changes in winter bird distributions associated with climate change and fire management in the northern Chihuahuan Desert (southwestern U.S.A.). We simulated...
The regionalization of national-scale SPARROW models for stream nutrients
Gregory E. Schwarz, Richard B. Alexander, Richard A. Smith, Stephen D. Preston
2011, Journal of the American Water Resources Association (47) 1151-1172
This analysis modifies the parsimonious specification of recently published total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) national-scale SPAtially Referenced Regressions On Watershed attributes models to allow each model coefficient to vary geographically among three major river basins of the conterminous United States. Regionalization of the national models reduces the standard...
Inverse modeling with RZWQM2 to predict water quality
Bernard T. Nolan, Robert W. Malone, Liwang Ma, Christopher T. Green, Michael N. Fienen, Dan B. Jaynes
2011, Book chapter, Methods of introducing system models into agricultural research
This chapter presents guidelines for autocalibration of the Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM2) by inverse modeling using PEST parameter estimation software (Doherty, 2010). Two sites with diverse climate and management were considered for simulation of N losses by leaching and in drain flow: an almond...
Seasonal habitat shifts by benthic fishes in headwater streams
Adam V. Rettig, Shannon K. Brewer
2011, Proceedings of the Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies (65) 105-111
Fish-habitat associations in streams have been widely studied; however, temporal considerations have been neglected, particularly during the winter. We quantitatively sampled perennial headwater streams in the Missouri Ozarks during the summer (n = 13) and winter (n = 4) to evaluate possible habitat shifts by three benthic fishes at two...
Simulating effects of microtopography on wetland specific yield and hydroperiod
David M. Summer
Xixi Wang, editor(s)
2011, Book chapter, Modeling hydrologic effects of microtopographic features
Specific yield and hydroperiod have proven to be useful parameters in hydrologic analysis of wetlands. Specific yield is a critical parameter to quantitatively relate hydrologic fluxes (e.g., rainfall, evapotranspiration, and runoff) and water level changes. Hydroperiod measures the temporal variability and frequency of land-surface inundation. Conventionally, hydrologic analyses used these...
Chromium(VI) generation in vadose zone soils and alluvial sediments of the southwestern Sacramento Valley, California: a potential source of geogenic Cr(VI) to groundwater
Christopher T. Mills, Jean M. Morrison, Martin B. Goldhaber, Karl J. Ellefsen
2011, Applied Geochemistry (26) 1488-1501
Concentrations of geogenic Cr(VI) in groundwater that exceed the World Health Organization’s maximum contaminant level for drinking water (50 μg L−1) occur in several locations globally. The major mechanism for mobilization of this Cr(VI) at these sites is the weathering of Cr(III) from ultramafic rocks and its subsequent oxidation on...
Book review: Nonlinear ocean waves and the inverse scattering transform
Eric L. Geist
2011, Pure and Applied Geophysics (168) 1889-1890
Nonlinear Ocean Waves and the Inverse Scattering Transform is a comprehensive examination of ocean waves built upon the theory of nonlinear Fourier analysis. The renowned author, Alfred R. Osborne, is perhaps best known for the discovery of internal solitons in the Andaman Sea during the...
Identification of American shad spawning sites and habitat use in the Pee Dee River, North Carolina and South Carolina
Julianne E. Harris, Joseph E. Hightower
2011, North American Journal of Fisheries Management (31) 1019-1033
We examined spawning site selection and habitat use by American shad Alosa sapidissima in the Pee Dee River, North Carolina and South Carolina, to inform future management in this flow-regulated river. American shad eggs were collected in plankton tows, and the origin (spawning site) of each egg was estimated; relocations of radio-tagged...
Status and distribution of the Kittlitz's Murrelet Brachyramphus brevirostris along the Alaska Peninsula and Kodiak and Aleutian Islands, Alaska
Erica N. Madison, John F. Piatt, Mayumi L. Arimitsu, Marc D. Romano, Thomas I. van Pelt, S. Kim Nelson, Jeffrey C. Williams, Anthony R. DeGange
2011, Marine Ornithology: Journal of Seabird Research and Conservation (39) 111-122
The Kittlitz's Murrelet Brachyramphus brevirostris is adapted for life in glacial-marine ecosystems, being concentrated in the belt of glaciated fjords in the northern Gulf of Alaska from Glacier Bay to Cook Inlet. Most of the remaining birds are scattered along coasts of the Alaska Peninsula and Aleutian Islands, where they...
Thermal erosion of a permafrost coastline: Improving process-based models using time-lapse photography
C. Wobus, R. Anderson, I. Overeem, N. Matell, G. Clow, F. Urban
2011, Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research (43) 474-484
Coastal erosion rates locally exceeding 30 m y-1 have been documented along Alaska's Beaufort Sea coastline, and a number of studies suggest that these erosion rates have accelerated as a result of climate change. However, a lack of direct observational evidence has limited our progress in quantifying the specific processes...
On the terminology of the spectral vegetation index (NIR – SWIR)/(NIR + SWIR)
Lel Ji, Li Zhang, Bruce K. Wylie, Jennifer R. Rover
2011, International Journal of Remote Sensing (32) 6901-6909
The spectral vegetation index (ρNIR – ρSWIR)/(ρNIR + ρSWIR), where ρNIR and ρSWIR are the near-infrared (NIR) and shortwave-infrared (SWIR) reflectances, respectively, has been widely used to indicate vegetation moisture condition. This index has multiple names in the literature, including infrared index (II), normalized difference infrared index (NDII), normalized difference...
Modeling of hydroecological feedbacks predicts distinct classes of landscape pattern, process, and restoration potential in shallow aquatic ecosystems
Laurel G. Larsen, Judson W. Harvey
2011, Geomorphology (126) 279-296
It is widely recognized that interactions between vegetation and flow cause the emergence of channel patterns that are distinct from the standard Schumm classification of river channels. Although landscape pattern is known to be linked to ecosystem services such as habitat provision, pollutant removal, and sustaining biodiversity, the mechanisms...
Nitrous oxide emission from denitrification in stream and river networks
J. J. Beaulieu, J. L. Tank, S. K. Hamilton, W. M. Wollheim, R. O. Hall Jr., P. J. Mulholland, B. J. Peterson, L. R. Ashkenas, L. W. Cooper, Clifford N. Dahm, W. K. Dodds, N. B. Grimm, S. L. Johnson, W. H. McDowell, G. C. Poole, Valett H. Maurice, C. P. Arango, M. J. Bernot, A. J. Burgin, C. L. Crenshaw, A. M. Helton, L. T. Johnson, J. M. O’Brien, J. D. Potter, R.W. Sheibley, D. J. Sobota, S. M. Thomas
2011, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (108) 214-219
Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a potent greenhouse gas that contributes to climate change and stratospheric ozone destruction. Anthropogenic nitrogen (N) loading to river networks is a potentially important source of N2O via microbial denitrification that converts N to N2O and dinitrogen (N2). The...
Marine Habitat Use by Anadromous Bull Trout from the Skagit River, Washington
Michael C. Hayes, Steve P. Rubin, Reginald Reisenbichler, Fred A. Goetz, Eric Jeanes, Aundrea McBride
2011, Marine and Coastal Fisheries: Dynamics, Management, and Ecosystem Science (3) 394-410
Acoustic telemetry was used to describe fish positions and marine habitat use by tagged bull trout Salvelinus confluentus from the Skagit River, Washington. In March and April 2006, 20 fish were captured and tagged in the lower Skagit River, while 15 fish from the Swinomish Channel were tagged during May...
Biological and geochemical controls on diel dissolved inorganic carbon cycling in a low-order agricultural stream: Implications for reach scales and beyond
Craig Tobias, J.K. Bohlke
2011, Chemical Geology (283) 18-30
Movement of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) through the hydrologic cycle is an important component of global carbon budgets, but there is considerable uncertainty about the controls of DIC transmission from landscapes to streams, and through river networks to the oceans. In this study, diel measurements of DIC, d13C-DIC, dissolved oxygen...
Successful integration efforts in water quality from the integrated Ocean Observing System Regional Associations and the National Water Quality Monitoring Network
R. Ragsdale, E. Vowinkel, D. Porter, P. Hamilton, R. Morrison, J. Kohut, B. Connell, H. Kelsey, P. Trowbridge
2011, Marine Technology Society Journal (45) 19-28
The Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS®) Regional Associations and Interagency Partners hosted a water quality workshop in January 2010 to discuss issues of nutrient enrichment and dissolved oxygen depletion (hypoxia), harmful algal blooms (HABs), and beach water quality. In 2007, the National Water Quality Monitoring Council piloted demonstration projects as...
Interannual variation of rare earth element abundances in corals from northern coast of the South China Sea and its relation with sea-level change and human activities
Yajing Liu, Z. Peng, G. Wei, T. Chen, W. Sun, J. He, Gaisheng Liu, C. L. Chou, C.-C. Shen
2011, Marine Environmental Research (71) 62-69
Here we present interannual rare earth element (REE) records spanning the last two decades of the 20th century in two living Porites corals, collected from Longwan Bay, close to the estuarine zones off Wanquan River of Hainan Island and Hong Kong off the Pearl River Delta of Guangdong Province in the northern...
Does small-perimeter fencing inhibit mule deer or pronghorn use of water developments?
R.T. Larsen, John Bissonette, J.T. Flinders, A.C. Robinson
2011, Journal of Wildlife Management (75) 1417-1425
Wildlife water development can be an important habitat management strategy in western North America for many species, including both pronghorn (Antilocapra americana) and mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus). In many areas, water developments are fenced (often with small-perimeter fencing) to exclude domestic livestock and feral horses. Small-perimeter exclosures could limit wild...
Geochemical analysis of Atlantic rim water, Carbon County, Wyoming: New applications for characterizing coalbed natural gas reservoirs
J.F. McLaughlin, C.D. Frost, Shruti Sharma
2011, American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin (95) 191-217
Coalbed natural gas (CBNG) production typically requires the extraction of large volumes of water from target formations, thereby influencing any associated reservoir systems. We describe isotopic tracers that provide immediate data on the presence or absence of biogenic natural gas and the identify methane-containing reservoirs are hydrologically confined. Isotopes of...
New aerial survey and hierarchical model to estimate manatee abundance
Catherine A. Langtimm, Robert Dorazio, B.M. Stith, T.J. Doyle
2011, Journal of Wildlife Management (75) 399-412
Monitoring the response of endangered and protected species to hydrological restoration is a major component of the adaptive management framework of the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan. The endangered Florida manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris) lives at the marine-freshwater interface in southwest Florida and is likely to be affected by hydrologic restoration....
Wind River watershed restoration, annual report November 2009 to October 2010.
P.J. Connolly, I.G. Jezorek
2011, Report
This report summarizes work completed by U.S. Geological Survey’s Columbia River Research Laboratory (USGS-CRRL) in the Wind River subbasin during the period November 2009 through October 2010 under Bonneville Power Administration (BPA) contract 46102. Long term research in the Wind River has focused on assessments of steelhead/rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss...
