Illuminating Northern California’s Active Faults
Carol S. Prentice, Christopher J. Crosby, Caroline S. Whitehill, J. Ramon Arrowsmith, Kevin P. Furlong, David A. Philips
2009, Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union (90) 55-55
Newly acquired light detection and ranging (lidar) topographic data provide a powerful community resource for the study of landforms associated with the plate boundary faults of northern California (Figure 1). In the spring of 2007, GeoEarthScope, a component of the EarthScope Facility construction project funded by the U.S. National Science...
Why are diverse relationships observed between phytoplankton biomass and transport time?
Lisa V. Lucas, Janet K. Thompson, Larry R. Brown
2009, Limnology and Oceanography (54) 381-390
Transport time scales such as flushing time and residence time are often used to explain variability in phytoplankton biomass. In many cases, empirical data are consistent with a positive phytoplankton‐transport time relationship (i.e., phytoplankton biomass increases as transport time increases). However, negative relationships, varying relationships, or no significant relationship may...
Effects of fish size, habitat, flow, and density on capture probabilities of age-0 rainbow trout estimated from electrofishing at discrete sites in a large river
Josh Korman, Michael D. Yard, Carl Walters, Lewis G. Coggins
2009, Transactions of American Fisheries Society 58-75
We estimated size-specific capture probabilities of age-0 rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss in the Lee's Ferry Reach of the Colorado River, Arizona, by backpack and boat electrofishing at discrete shoreline sites using both depletion and mark-recapture experiments. Our objectives were to evaluate the feasibility of estimating capture probability for juvenile fish in larger...
Radiocarbon ages and age models for the past 30,000 years in Bear Lake, Utah and Idaho
Steve M. Colman, Robert J. Rosenbauer, Darrell Kaufman, Walter E. Dean, John McGeehin
2009, GSA Special Papers (450) 133-144
Radiocarbon analyses of pollen, ostracodes, and total organic carbon (TOC) provide a reliable chronology for the sediments deposited in Bear Lake over the past 30,000 years. The differences in apparent age between TOC, pollen, and carbonate fractions are consistent and in accord with the origins of these fractions. Comparisons among...
Comparison of groundwater flow in Southern California coastal aquifers
Randall T. Hanson, John A. Izbicki, Eric G. Reichard, Brian D. Edwards, Michael Land, Peter Martin
2009, Book chapter, Earth science in the urban ocean: The Southern California continental borderland
Development of the coastal aquifer systems of Southern California has resulted in overdraft, changes in streamflow, seawater intrusion, land subsidence, increased vertical flow between aquifers, and a redirection of regional flow toward pumping centers. These water-management challenges can be more effectively addressed by incorporating new understanding of the geologic,...
New substorm index derived from high-resolution geomagnetic field data at low latitude and its comparison with AE and ASY indices
M. Nose, T. Iyemori, M. Takeda, H. Toh, T. Ookawa, G. Cifuentes-Nava, J. Matzka, Jeffrey J. Love, H. McCreadie, M. K. Tuncer, J. J. Curto
2009, Conference Paper, Proc. XIII IAGA Workshop
High-resolution geomagnetic field data (i.e., ≤5 seconds) have recently become more commonly used by space physicists. The data permit the identification of Pi2 pulsations, having periods of 40-150 seconds and irregular waveforms. Pulsations of this type appear clearly in time series from mid- and low-latitude ground stations on the nightside...
Absolute Measurement Session XIII IAGA Workshop Boulder Magnetic Observatory
A. Berarducci, Andy Woods
2009, Conference Paper, XIII IAGA Workshop
The absolute measurement session of the XIII IAGA Workshop was held at the Boulder Magnetic Observatory June 10-13, 2008. Approximately 85 people attended this session. The main focus of the session was for observers to make and compare measurements using DIFlux magnetometers. The session also included absolute measurement training, with...
Optical satellite data volcano monitoring: a multi-sensor rapid response system
Kenneth A. Duda, Michael Ramsey, Rick L. Wessels, Jonathan Dehn
2009, Book chapter, Geoscience and remote sensing
In this chapter, the use of satellite remote sensing to monitor active geological processes is described. Specifically, threats posed by volcanic eruptions are briefly outlined, and essential monitoring requirements are discussed. As an application example, a collaborative, multi-agency operational volcano monitoring system in the north Pacific is highlighted with a...
Missing data and the accuracy of magnetic-observatory hour means
Jeffrey J. Love
2009, Annales Geophysicae (27) 3601-3610
Analysis is made of the accuracy of magnetic-observatory hourly means constructed from definitive minute data having missing values (gaps). Bootstrap sampling from different data-gap distributions is used to estimate average errors on hourly means as a function of the number of missing data. Absolute and relative error results are calculated...
Fire rehabilitation effectiveness: a chronosequence approach for the Great Basin
David A. Pyke, David S. Pilliod, Jeanne C. Chambers, Matthew L. Brooks, James Grace
2009, Report
Federal land management agencies have invested heavily in seeding vegetation for emergency stabilization and rehabilitation (ES&R) of non-forested lands. ES&R projects are implemented to reduce post-fire dominance of non-native annual grasses, minimize probability of recurrent fire, quickly recover lost habitat for sensitive species, and ultimately result in plant communities with...
Survival and passage of ingested New Zealand mudsnails through the intestinal tract of rainbow trout
R. Louise Bruce, Christine M. Moffitt, Brian Dennis
2009, North American Journal of Aquaculture (71) 287-301
We conducted laboratory trials to determine the transit time and survival of New Zealand mudsnails Potamopyrgus antipodarum in the gastrointestinal tract of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. To assess the rate of snail passage, we force-fed groups of fish a known quantity of snails and then held them in tanks. At...
A water-leach procedure for estimating bioaccessibility of elements in soils from transects across the United States and Canada
Robert G. Garrett, G.E.M. Hall, J.E. Vaive, P. Pelchat
2009, Applied Geochemistry (24) 1438-1453
An objective of the North American Soil Geochemical Landscapes Project is to provide relevant data concerning bioaccessible concentrations of elements in soil to government and other institutions undertaking environmental studies. A protocol was developed that employs a 1-g soil sample agitated overnight with 40 mL of reverse-osmosis de-ionized water for...
Exploratory and spatial data analysis (EDA-SDA) for determining regional background levels and anomalies of potentially toxic elements in soils from Catorce-Matehuala, Mexico
J.A. Chipres, J. Castro-Larragoitia, M.G. Monroy
2009, Applied Geochemistry (24) 1579-1589
The threshold between geochemical background and anomalies can be influenced by the methodology selected for its estimation. Environmental evaluations, particularly those conducted in mineralized areas, must consider this when trying to determinate the natural geochemical status of a study area, quantifying human impacts, or establishing soil restoration values for contaminated...
Extensive coral mortality in the US Virgin Islands in 2005/2006: A review of the evidence for synergy among thermal stress, coral bleaching and disease
C.S. Rogers, E. Muller, T. Spitzack, J. Miller
2009, Caribbean Journal of Science (45) 204-214
In the summer/fall of 2005, extensive coral bleaching on reefs in the US Virgin Islands (USVI) was associated with sea water temperatures exceeding 30°C. Almost all coral species bleached, including Acropora palmata, which bleached for the first time on record in the USVI. As water temperatures cooled, corals began to regain...
IPANE: Could New England's Early Detection Network benefit eastern Canada?
Les Mehrhoff, Randy G. Westbrooks
2009, Conference Paper, Proceedings of the Weeds Across Borders 2008 Conference
The Invasive Plant Analysis of New England (IPANE: ipane.org) is a multifaceted approach to regional early detection of invasive plants. IPANE, was founded in 2001 to create a comprehensive six state New England regional partnership to: minimize the ecological damage caused by invasive plants; provide reliable and accessible educational material;...
Soil chemistry in lithologically diverse datasets: the quartz dilution effect
Carleton R. Bern
2009, Applied Geochemistry (24) 1429-1437
National- and continental-scale soil geochemical datasets are likely to move our understanding of broad soil geochemistry patterns forward significantly. Patterns of chemistry and mineralogy delineated from these datasets are strongly influenced by the composition of the soil parent material, which itself is largely a function of lithology and particle size...
Relative spatial soil geochemical variability along two transects across the United States and Canada
Robert G. Garrett
2009, Applied Geochemistry (24) 1405-1415
To support the development of protocols for the proposed North American Soil Geochemical Landscapes project, whose objective is to establish baselines for the geochemistry of North American soils, two continental-scale transects across the United States and Canada were sampled in 2004. The sampling employed a spatially stratified random sampling design...
Environmental mapping of the World Trade Center area with imaging spectroscopy after the September 11, 2001 attack
Roger N. Clark, Gregg A. Swayze, Todd M. Hoefen, Robert O. Green, Keith E. Livo, Gregory P. Meeker, Stephen J. Sutley, Geoffrey S. Plumlee, Betina Pavri, Charles M. Sarture, Joe Boardman, Isabelle Brownfield, Laurie C. Morath
2009, Book chapter, Urban Aerosols and Their Impacts
The Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) was flown over the World Trade Center area on September 16, 18, 22, and 23, 2001. The data were used to map the WTC debris plume and its contents, including the spectral signatures of asbestiform minerals. Samples were collected and used as ground truth...
Applications of a broad-spectrum tool for conservation and fisheries analysis: Aquatic gap analysis
James E. McKenna Jr., Paul J. Steen, John Lyons, Jana S. Stewart
2009, Gap Analysis Bulletin 44-51
Natural resources support all of our social and economic activities, as well as our biological existence. Humans have little control over most of the physical, biological, and sociological conditions dictating the status and capacity of natural resources in any particular area. However, the most rapid and threatening influences on natural...
Estimating cause-specific mortality rates using recovered carcasses
Damien O. Joly, Dennis M. Heisey, Michael D. Samuel, Christine Ribic, Nancy Thomas, Scott D. Wright, Irene E. Wright
2009, Journal of Wildlife Diseases (45) 122-127
Stranding networks, in which carcasses are recovered and sent to diagnostic laboratories for necropsy and determination of cause of death, have been developed to monitor the health of marine mammal and bird populations. These programs typically accumulate comprehensive, long-term datasets on causes of death that can be used to identify...
Use of a fishery-independent trawl survey to evaluate distribution patterns of subadult sharks in Georgia
C.N. Belcher, Cecil A. Jennings
2009, Marine and Coastal Fisheries: Dynamics, Management, and Ecosystem Science (1) 218-229
We investigated the utility of a fishery-independent trawl survey for assessing a potential multispecies shark nursery in Georgia's nearshore and inshore waters. A total of 234 subadult sharks from six species were captured during 85 of 216 trawls. Catch rates and size distributions for subadult sharks and the ratio of...
Earth's magnetic field complex: U.S. National activities during the Decade of Geopotential Field Research
Michael E. Purucker, T. Sabaka, W. Kuang, S. Maus, Jeffrey J. Love
2009, Conference Paper, ESA 2nd Swarm Int. Sci. Meeting
The US geomagnetism community is supported by NASA, NOAA, USGS, NSF, DOD, and US universities. During the Decade of Geopotential Field Research, inaugurated in 1999 with the launch of the Danish satellite Ørsted on a US rocket, the US community has been involved in satellite mission development and analysis, instrument...
Approaches to modeling weathered regolith
Susan L. Brantley, Arthur F. White
2009, Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry (70) 435-484
Sustainable soils are a requirement for maintaining human civilizations (Carter and Dale 1974; Lal 1989). However, as the “most complicated biomaterial on the planet” (Young and Crawford 2004), soils represent...
Maintaining population persistence in the face of an extremely altered hydrograph: implications for three sensitive fishes in a tributary of the Green River, Utah
Jared L. Bottcher
2009, Thesis
The ability of an organism to disperse to suitable habitats, especially in modified and fragmented systems, determines individual fitness and overall population viability. The bluehead sucker (Catostomus discobolus), flannelmouth sucker (Catostomus latipinnis), and roundtail chub (Gila robusta) are three species native to the upper Colorado River Basin that now occupy...
Short-term effect of cattle exclosures on Columbia Spotted Frog (Rana luteiventris) populations and habitat in northeastern Oregon
M. J. Adams, Christopher Pearl, Brome McCreary, Stephanie Galvan, Stephanie J. Wessell, Wendy Wente, Chauncey W. Anderson, Allison B. Kuehl
2009, Journal of Herpetology (43) 132-138
Livestock grazing is a common land use across the western United States, but concerns have been raised regarding its potential to affect amphibian populations. We studied the short-term effects of full and partial livestock grazing exclosures on Rana luteiventris (Columbia Spotted Frog) populations using a controlled manipulative field experiment with pre- and...
