Pollen-based biome reconstructions for Latin America at 0, 6000 and 18 000 radiocarbon years ago
R. Marchant, A. Cleef, S. P. Harrison, H. Hooghiemstra, Vera Markgraf, J. Van Boxel, T. Ager, L. Almeida, R. Anderson, C. Baied, H. Behling, J. C. Berrio, R. Burbridge, S. Bjorck, R. Byrne, M. Bush, J. Duivenvoorden, J. Flenley, P. De Oliveira, B. Van Gee, K. Graf, W. D. Gosling, S. Harbele, T. Van Der Hammen, B. Hansen, S. Horn, P. Kuhry, M.-P. Ledru, F. Mayle, B. Leyden, S. Lozano-Garcia, A. M. Melief, P. Moreno, N. T. Moar, A. Prieto, G. Van Reenen, F. Schabitz, M. Salgado-Labouriau, E. J. Schreve-Brinkman, M. Wille
2009, Climate of the Past (5) 725-767
The biomisation method is used to reconstruct Latin American vegetation at 6000±500 and 18 000±1000 radiocarbon years before present (14C yr BP) from pollen data. Tests using modern pollen data from 381 samples derived from 287 locations broadly reproduce potential natural vegetation. The strong temperature gradient associated with the Andes...
Developing framework to constrain the geometry of the seismic rupture plane on subduction interfaces a priori - A probabilistic approach
G.P. Hayes, D.J. Wald
2009, Geophysical Journal International (176) 951-964
A key step in many earthquake source inversions requires knowledge of the geometry of the fault surface on which the earthquake occurred. Our knowledge of this surface is often uncertain, however, and as a result fault geometry misinterpretation can map into significant error in the final temporal and spatial slip...
The Moon mineralogy mapper (M3) on Chandrayaan-1
C.M. Pieters, J. Boardman, B. Buratti, A. Chatterjee, R. Clark, T. Glavich, R. Green, J. Head, P. Isaacson, E. Malaret, T. McCord, J. Mustard, N. Petro, C. Runyon, M. Staid, J. Sunshine, L. Taylor, S. Tompkins, P. Varanasi, M. White
2009, Current Science (96) 500-505
The Moon Mineralogy Mapper (M3) is a NASA-supported guest instrument on ISRO's remote sensing mission to Moon, Chandrayaan-1. The M3 is an imaging spectrometer that operates from the visible into the near-infrared (0.42-3.0 ??m) where highly diagnostic mineral absorption bands occur. Over the course of the mission M3 will provide...
Rupture parameters of the 2003 Zemmouri (Mw 6.8), Algeria, earthquake from joint inversion of interferometric synthetic aperture radar, coastal uplift, and GPS
S. Belabbes, Charles Wicks, Z. Cakir, M. Meghraoui
2009, Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface (114)
We study the surface deformation associated with the 21 May 2003 (M w = 6.8) Zemmouri (Algeria) earthquake, the strongest seismic event felt in the Algiers region since 1716. The thrust earthquake mechanism and related surface deformation revealed an average 0.50 m coastal uplift along ??55-km-long coastline. We obtain coseismic...
Examining the influence of heterogeneous porosity fields on conservative solute transport
B.X. Hu, M.M. Meerschaert, W. Barrash, D.W. Hyndman, C. He, X. Li, Laodong Guo
2009, Journal of Contaminant Hydrology (108) 77-88
It is widely recognized that groundwater flow and solute transport in natural media are largely controlled by heterogeneities. In the last three decades, many studies have examined the effects of heterogeneous hydraulic conductivity fields on flow and transport processes, but there has been much less attention to the influence of...
Moderate rates of late Quaternary slip along the northwestern margin of the Basin and Range Province, Surprise Valley fault, northeastern California
Stephen F. Personius, Anthony J. Crone, Michael N. Machette, Shannon Mahan, David J. Lidke
2009, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (114)
The 86-km-long Surprise Valley normal fault forms part of the active northwestern margin of the Basin and Range province in northeastern California. We use trench mapping and radiocarbon, luminescence, and tephra dating to estimate displacements and timing of the past five surface-rupturing earthquakes on the central part of the fault...
Migration patterns and wintering range of common loons breeding in the Northeastern United States
K.P. Kenow, D. Adams, N. Schoch, D.C. Evers, W. Hanson, D. Yates, L. Savoy, T.J. Fox, A. Major, R. Kratt, J. Ozard
2009, Waterbirds (32) 234-247
A study, using satellite telemetry, was conducted to determine the precise migration patterns and wintering locations of Common Loons (Gavia immer) breeding in the northeastern United States. Transmitters were implanted in 17 loons (16 adults and one juvenile) that were captured on breeding lakes in New York, New Hampshire, and...
Tamarisk (Tamarix spp.) water fluxes before, during and after episodic defoliation by the saltcedar leaf beetle
K. R. Hultine, P.L. Nagler, P.E. Dennison, S.E. Bush, J.R. Ehleringer
2009, Book, Acta Horticulturae: VII International Workshop on Sap Flow
Tamarisk (Tamarix) species are among the most successful and economically costly plant invaders in the western United States, in part due to its potential to remove large amounts of water from shallow aquifers. Accordingly, local, state and federal agencies have released a new biological control - the saltcedar leaf beetle...
Revised Dst and the epicycles of magnetic disturbance: 1958-2007
J.J. Love, J.L. Gannon
2009, Annales Geophysicae (27) 3101-3131
A revised version of the storm-time disturbance index Dst is calculated using hourly-mean magnetic-observatory data from four standard observatories and collected over the years 1958-2007. The calculation algorithm is a revision of that established by Sugiura et al., and which is now used by the Kyoto World Data Center for...
Promoting species establishment in a phragmites-dominated great lakes coastal wetland
M.L. Carlson, K.P. Kowalski, D.A. Wilcox
2009, Natural Areas Journal (29) 263-280
This study examined efforts to promote species establishment and maintain diversity in a Phragmites-dominated wetland where primary control measures were underway. A treatment experiment was performed at Crane Creek, a drowned-river-mouth wetland in Ottawa National Wildlife Refuge along the shore of western Lake Erie. Following initial aerial spraying of Phragmites...
Methods for assessing movement path recursion with application to African buffalo in South Africa
S. Bar-David, I. Bar-David, P.C. Cross, S.J. Ryan, C.U. Knechtel, W.M. Getz
2009, Ecology (90) 2467-2479
Recent developments of automated methods for monitoring animal movement, e.g., global positioning systems (GPS) technology, yield high-resolution spatiotemporal data. To gain insights into the processes creating movement patterns, we present two new techniques for extracting information from these data on repeated visits to a particular site or patch ("recursions"). Identification...
San Andreas fault geometry at Desert Hot Springs, California, and its effects on earthquake hazards and groundwater
R. D. Catchings, M. J. Rymer, M. R. Goldman, G. Gandhok
2009, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (99) 2190-2207
The Mission Creek and Banning faults are two of the principal strands of the San Andreas fault zone in the northern Coachella Valley of southern California. Structural characteristics of the faults affect both regional earthquake hazards and local groundwater resources. We use seismic, gravity, and geological data to characterize the...
Plants and ventifacts delineate late Holocene wind vectors in the Coachella Valley, USA
Peter G. Griffiths, R. H. Webb, M. Fisher, Allan Muth
2009, Aeolian Research (1) 63-73
Strong westerly winds that emanate from San Gorgonio Pass, the lowest point between Palm Springs and Los Angeles, California, dominate aeolian transport in the Coachella Valley of the western Sonoran Desert. These winds deposit sand in coppice dunes that are critical habitat for several species,...
New evidence for a magmatic influence on the origin of Valles Marineris, Mars
J. M. Dohm, J.-P. Williams, R. C. Anderson, J. Ruiz, P.C. McGuire, G. Komatsu, A.F. Davila, J.C. Ferris, D. Schulze-Makuch, V.R. Baker, W. V. Boynton, A.G. Fairen, T.M. Hare, H. Miyamoto, K. L. Tanaka, S.J. Wheelock
2009, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research (185) 12-27
In this paper, we show that the complex geological evolution of Valles Marineris, Mars, has been highly influenced by the manifestation of magmatism (e.g., possible plume activity). This is based on a diversity of evidence, reported here, for the central part, Melas Chasma, and nearby regions, including uplift, loss of...
Channel, floodplain, and wetland responses to floods and overbank sedimentation, 1846-2006, Halfway Creek Marsh, Upper Mississippi Valley, Wisconsin
F. A. Fitzpatrick, J.C. Knox, J. P. Schubauer-Berigan
2009, Special Paper of the Geological Society of America 23-42
Conversion of upland forest and prairie vegetation to agricultural land uses, following Euro-American settlement in the Upper Mississippi River System, led to accelerated runoff and soil erosion that subsequently transformed channels, floodplains, and wetlands on bottomlands. Halfway Creek Marsh, at the junction of Halfway Creek and the Mississippi River on...
Carbon cycling under 300 years of land use change: importance of the secondary vegetation sink
Elena Shevliakova, Stephen W. Pacala, Sergey Malyshev, George C. Hurtt, P. C. D. Milly, John P. Caspersen, Lori T. Sentman, Justin P. Fisk, Christian Wirth, Cyril Crevoisier
2009, Global Biogeochemical Cycles (23)
We have developed a dynamic land model (LM3V) able to simulate ecosystem dynamics and exchanges of water, energy, and CO2 between land and atmosphere. LM3V is specifically designed to address the consequences of land use and land management changes including cropland and pasture dynamics, shifting cultivation, logging, fire, and resulting...
Bird population density estimated from acoustic signals
D.K. Dawson, M.G. Efford
2009, Journal of Applied Ecology (46) 1201-1209
Many animal species are detected primarily by sound. Although songs, calls and other sounds are often used for population assessment, as in bird point counts and hydrophone surveys of cetaceans, there are few rigorous methods for estimating population density from acoustic data. 2. The problem has several parts - distinguishing...
Evaluation of irrigation canal networks to assess stream connectivity in a watershed
M.E. Colvin, C.M. Moffitt
2009, River Research and Applications (25) 486-496
We used digital data sets, aerial photos and direct field observations in a geographical information system to evaluate the stream habitat in an Idaho watershed affected by agriculture. We found that the scale of the digital data sets affected the outcome of the assessment due to the presence of dewatered...
What constitutes a nesting attempt? Variation in criteria causes bias and hinders comparisons across studies
V. Garcia, C.J. Conway
2009, The Auk (126) 31-40
Because reliable estimates of nesting success are very important to avian studies, the defnition of a “successful nest” and the use of different analytical methods to estimate success have received much attention. By contrast, variation in the criteria used to determine whether an occupied site that did not produce offspring...
Application of a rule-based model to estimate mercury exchange for three background biomes in the continental United States
J.S. Hartman, P.J. Weisberg, R. Pillai, J.A. Ericksen, T. Kuiken, S.E. Lindberg, H. Zhang, J. J. Rytuba, M.S. Gustin
2009, Environmental Science & Technology (43) 4989-4994
Ecosystems that have low mercury (Hg) concentrations (i.e., not enriched or impactedbygeologic or anthropogenic processes) cover most of the terrestrial surface area of the earth yet their role as a net source or sink for atmospheric Hg is uncertain. Here we use empirical data to develop a rule-based model implemented...
Genetic variation, relatedness, and effective population size of polar bears (Ursus maritimus) in the southern Beaufort Sea, Alaska
Matthew A. Cronin, Steven C. Amstrup, Sandra L. Talbot, George K. Sage, Kristin S. Amstrup
2009, Journal of Heredity (100) 681-690
Polar bears (Ursus maritimus) are unique among bears in that they are adapted to the Arctic sea ice environment. Genetic data are useful for understanding their evolution and can contribute to management. We assessed parentage and relatedness of polar bears in the southern Beaufort Sea, Alaska, with genetic data and...
Postimpact heat conduction and compaction-driven fluid flow in the Chesapeake Bay impact structure based on downhole vitrinite reflectance data, ICDP-USGS Eyreville deep core holes and Cape Charles test holes
M.L. Malinconico, W. E. Sanford, Horton W.J.J. Wright Jr.
2009, Special Paper of the Geological Society of America 905-930
Vitrinite reflectance data from the International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP)-U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Eyreville deep cores in the centralcrater moat of the Chesapeake Bay impact structure and the Cape Charles test holes on the central uplift show patterns of postimpact maximum-temperature distribution that result from a combination of conductive...
Localized double-array stacking analysis of PcP: D″ and ULVZ structure beneath the Cocos plate, Mexico, central Pacific, and north Pacific
Alexander R. Hutko, Thorne Lay, Justin Revenaugh
2009, Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors (173) 60-74
A large, high quality P-wave data set comprising short-period and broadband signals sampling four separate regions in the lowermost mantle beneath the Cocos plate, Mexico, the central Pacific, and the north Pacific is analyzed using regional one-dimensional double-array stacking and modelling with reflectivity synthetics. A data-screening criterion retains only events...
The SCEC/USGS dynamic earthquake rupture code verification exercise
R.A. Harris, M. Barall, R. Archuleta, E. Dunham, Brad T. Aagaard, J.-P. Ampuero, H. Bhat, Victor M. Cruz-Atienza, L. Dalguer, P. Dawson, S. Day, B. Duan, G. Ely, Y. Kaneko, Y. Kase, N. Lapusta, Yajing Liu, S. Ma, D. Oglesby, K. Olsen, A. Pitarka, S. Song, E. Templeton
2009, Seismological Research Letters (80) 119-126
Numerical simulations of earthquake rupture dynamics are now common, yet it has been difficult to test the validity of these simulations because there have been few field observations and no analytic solutions with which to compare the results. This paper describes the Southern California Earthquake Center/U.S. Geological Survey (SCEC/USGS)...
A tangled tale of two teal: Population history of the grey Anas gracilis and chestnut teal a. castanea of Australia
L. Joseph, G.J. Adcock, C. Linde, K.E. Omland, R. Heinsohn, Chesser R. Terry, D. Roshier
2009, Journal of Avian Biology (40) 430-439
Two Australian species of teal (Anseriformes: Anatidae: Anas), the grey teal Anas gracilis and the chestnut teal A. castanea, are remarkable for the zero or near-zero divergence recorded between them in earlier surveys of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) diversity. We confirmed this result through wider geographical and population sampling as well...
