Defining conservation priorities for freshwater fishes according to taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity
A. L. Strecker, J. D. Olden, Joanna B. Whittier, Craig P. Paukert
2011, Ecological Applications (21) 3002-3013
To date, the predominant use of systematic conservation planning has been to evaluate and conserve areas of high terrestrial biodiversity. Although studies in freshwater ecosystems have received recent attention, research has rarely considered the potential trade-offs between protecting different dimensions of biodiversity and the ecological processes that maintain diversity. We...
Monoclinic tridymite in clast-rich impact melt rock from the Chesapeake Bay impact structure
John C. Jackson, J. Wright Horton Jr., I-Ming Chou, Harvey E. Belkin
2011, American Mineralogist (96) 81-88
X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy confirm a rare terrestrial occurrence of monoclinic tridymite in clast-rich impact melt rock from the Eyreville B drill core in the Chesapeake Bay impact structure. The monoclinic tridymite occurs with quartz paramorphs after tridymite and K-feldspar in a microcrystalline groundmass of devitrified glass and Fe-rich...
Field verification of stable perched groundwater in layered bedrock uplands
J.T. Carter, M.B. Gotkowitz, Marilyn P. Anderson
2011, Ground Water (49) 383-392
Data substantiating perched conditions in layered bedrock uplands are rare and have not been widely reported. Field observations in layered sedimentary bedrock in southwestern Wisconsin, USA, provide evidence of a stable, laterally extensive perched aquifer. Data from a densely instrumented field site show a perched aquifer in shallow dolomite, underlain...
Molybdenite saturation in silicic magmas: Occurrence and petrological implications
A. Audetat, D. Dolejs, Jacob B. Lowenstern
2011, Journal of Petrology (52) 891-904
We identified molybdenite (MoS2) as an accessory magmatic phase in 13 out of 27 felsic magma systems examined worldwide. The molybdenite occurs as small (< 20 µm) triangular or hexagonal platelets included in quartz phenocrysts. Laser-ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry analyses of melt inclusions in molybdenite-saturated samples reveal 1–13 ppm Mo in...
Multimodel inference and adaptive management
S.E. Rehme, L.A. Powell, Craig R. Allen
2011, Journal of Environmental Management (92) 1360-1364
Ecology is an inherently complex science coping with correlated variables, nonlinear interactions and multiple scales of pattern and process, making it difficult for experiments to result in clear, strong inference. Natural resource managers, policy makers, and stakeholders rely on science to provide timely and accurate management recommendations. However, the time...
Occupancy and abundance of wintering birds in a dynamic agricultural landscape
M.W. Miller, E.V. Pearlstine, Robert Dorazio, F.J. Mazzotti
2011, Journal of Wildlife Management (75) 751-761
Effective monitoring programs are designed to track changes in the distribution, occurrence, and abundance of species. We developed an extension of Royle and Kéry's (2007) single species model to estimate simultaneously temporal changes in probabilities of detection, occupancy, colonization, extinction, and species turnover using data on calling anuran amphibians, collected...
Geographic profiling to assess the risk of rare plant poaching in natural areas
J.A. Young, F.T. Van Manen, C.A. Thatcher
2011, Environmental Management (48) 577-587
We demonstrate the use of an expert-assisted spatial model to examine geographic factors influencing the poaching risk of a rare plant (American ginseng, Panax quinquefolius L.) in Shenandoah National Park, Virginia, USA. Following principles of the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), we identified a hierarchy of 11 geographic factors deemed important...
Sphene and zircon in the Highland Range volcanic sequence (Miocene, southern Nevada, USA): Elemental partitioning, phase relations, and influence on evolution of silicic magma
L.L. Colombini, C. F. Miller, G.A.R. Gualda, J. L. Wooden, J.S. Miller
2011, Mineralogy and Petrology (102) 29-50
Sphene is prominent in Miocene plutonic rocks ranging from diorite to granite in southern Nevada, USA, but it is restricted to rhyolites in coeval volcanic sequences. In the Highland Range volcanic sequence, sphene appears as a phenocryst only in the most evolved rocks (72–77 mass% SiO2; matrix glass 77–78 mass%...
Apogean-perigean signals encoded in tidal flats at the fluvio-estuarine transition of Glacier Creek, Turnagain Arm, Alaska; implications for ancient tidal rhythmites
S.F. Greb, A.W. Archer, D.G. Deboer
2011, Sedimentology (58) 1434-1452
Turnagain Arm is a macrotidal fjord‐style estuary. Glacier Creek is a small, glacially fed stream which enters the estuary tangentially near Girdwood, Alaska. Trenches and daily sedimentation measurements were made in a mudflat along the fluvio–estuarine transition of Glacier Creek during several summers since 2003. Each year, the flats appear...
Storage as a Metric of Catchment Comparison
J. P. McNamara, D. Tetzlaff, K. Bishop, C. Soulsby, M. Seyfried, N.E. Peters, Brent T. Aulenbach, R. Hooper
2011, Hydrological Processes (25) 3364-3371
The volume of water stored within a catchment, and its partitioning among groundwater, soil moisture, snowpack, vegetation, and surface water are the variables that ultimately characterize the state of the hydrologic system. Accordingly, storage may provide useful metrics for catchment comparison. Unfortunately, measuring and predicting the amount of water present...
Fishes and tetrapods in the upper pennsylvanian (kasimovian) cohn coal member of the mattoon formation of illinois, United States: Systematics, paleoecology, and paleoenvironments
D. Carpenter, H. J. Falcon-Lang, M.J. Benton, W.J. Nelson
2011, Palaios (26) 639-657
A newly discovered vertebrate assemblage is reported from the Upper Pennsylvanian (mid- to upper Kasimovian) Cohn Coal Member of the Mattoon Formation of southeast Illinois, United States. Teeth, scales, and spines of xenacanth (Dicentrodus, Orthacanthus, Triodus, Xenacanthus) and euselachian (Sphenacanthus) sharks dominate the assemblage. Less common are the teeth, scales,...
Evaluating gull diets: A comparison of conventional methods and stable isotope analysis
Emily L. Weiser, Abby N. Powell
2011, Journal of Field Ornithology (82) 297-310
Samples such as regurgitated pellets and food remains have traditionally been used in studies of bird diets, but these can produce biased estimates depending on the digestibility of different foods. Stable isotope analysis has been developed as a method for assessing bird diets that is not biased by digestibility. These...
Integument coloration signals reproductive success, heterozygosity, and antioxidant levels in chick-rearing black-legged kittiwakes
S. Leclaire, J. White, E. Arnoux, B. Faivre, N. Vetter, Scott A. Hatch, E. Danchin
2011, Die Naturwissenschaften (98) 773-782
Carotenoid pigments are important for immunity and as antioxidants, and carotenoid-based colors are believed to provide honest signals of individual quality. Other colorless but more efficient antioxidants such as vitamins A and E may protect carotenoids from bleaching. Carotenoid-based colors have thus recently been suggested to reflect the concentration of...
The role of dyking and fault control in the rapid onset of eruption at Chaitén Volcano, Chile
Charles Wicks, Llera J. C. De La J. C., L.E. Lara, J. Lowenstern
2011, Nature (478) 374-377
Rhyolite is the most viscous of liquid magmas, so it was surprising that on 2 May 2008 at Chaitén Volcano, located in Chile’s southern Andean volcanic zone, rhyolitic magma migrated from more than 5 km depth in less than 4 hours and erupted explosively with only two days of detected precursory seismic activity....
Natural and human dimensions of a quasi-wild species: The case of kudzu
Z. Li, Q. Dong, Thomas P. Albright, Q. Guo
2011, Biological Invasions (13) 2167-2179
The human dimensions of biotic invasion are generally poorly understood, even among the most familiar invasive species. Kudzu (Pueraria montana (Lour.) Merr.) is a prominent invasive plant and an example of quasi-wild species, which has experienced repeated introduction, cultivation, and escape back to the wild. Here, we review a large body...
Decreasing prevalence of brucellosis in red deer through efforts to control disease in livestock
E. Serrano, P.C. Cross, M. Beneria, A. Ficapal, J. Curia, X. Marco, S. Lavin, I. Marco
2011, Epidemiology and Infection (139) 1626-1630
When a pathogen infects a number of different hosts, the process of determining the relative importance of each host species to the persistence of the pathogen is often complex. Removal of a host species is a potential but rarely possible way of discovering the importance of that species to the...
Radionuclides, trace elements, and radium residence in phosphogypsum of Jordan
R. A. Zielinski, M. S. Al-Hwaiti, J. R. Budahn, J. F. Ranville
2011, Environmental Geochemistry and Health (33) 149-165
Voluminous stockpiles of phosphogypsum (PG) generated during the wet process production of phosphoric acid are stored at many sites around the world and pose problems for their safe storage, disposal, or utilization. A major concern is the elevated concentration of long-lived 226Ra (half-life = 1,600 years) inherited from the processed...
Abundance, stock origin, and length of marked and unmarked juvenile Chinook salmon in the surface waters of greater Puget Sound
C. A. Rice, C.M. Greene, P. Moran, D.J. Teel, D.R. Kuligowski, Reginald R. Reisenbichler, E.M. Beamer, J.R. Karr, K.L. Fresh
2011, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society (140) 170-189
This study focuses on the use by juvenile Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha of the rarely studied neritic environment (surface waters overlaying the sublittoral zone) in greater Puget Sound. Juvenile Chinook salmon inhabit the sound from their late estuarine residence and early marine transition to their first year at sea. We measured the...
Lagrangian mass-flow investigations of inorganic contaminants in wastewater-impacted streams
L. B. Barber, Ronald C. Antweiler, J.L. Flynn, S.H. Keefe, D.W. Kolpin, D.A. Roth, D.J. Schnoebelen, Howard E. Taylor, P. L. Verplanck
2011, Environmental Science & Technology (45) 2575-2583
Understanding the potential effects of increased reliance on wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents to meet municipal, agricultural, and environmental flow requires an understanding of the complex chemical loading characteristics of the WWTPs and the assimilative capacity of receiving waters. Stream ecosystem effects are linked to proportions of WWTP effluent under...
Spatiotemporal distribution and population characteristicsof a nonnative lake trout population, with implications for suppression
A.M. Dux, C.S. Guy, W.A. Fredenberg
2011, North American Journal of Fisheries Management (31) 187-196
We evaluated the distribution and population characteristics of nonnative lake trout Salvelinus namaycush in Lake McDonald,Glacier National Park,Montana, to provide biological data in support of a potential suppression program. Using ultrasonic telemetry, we identified spatial and temporal distribution patterns by tracking 36 adult lake trout (1,137 relocations). Lake trout rarely...
Determinants of fish assemblage structure in Northwestern Great Plains streams
J.A. Mullen, R.G. Bramblett, C.S. Guy, A.V. Zale, D.W. Roberts
2011, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society (140) 271-281
Prairie streams are known for their harsh and stochastic physical conditions, and the fish assemblages therein have been shown to be temporally variable. We assessed the spatial and temporal variation in fish assemblage structure in five intermittent, adventitious northwestern Great Plains streams representing a gradient of watershed areas. Fish assemblages...
Ultramafic-derived arsenic in a fractured bedrock aquifer
P.C. Ryan, J. Kim, A.J. Wall, J.C. Moen, L.G. Corenthal, D.R. Chow, C.M. Sullivan, K.S. Bright
2011, Applied Geochemistry (26) 444-457
In the fractured bedrock aquifer of northern Vermont, USA, As concentrations in groundwater range from <1 to 327??g/L (<13-4360nm/L) and these elevated occurrences have a general spatial association with ultramafic rock bodies. The ultramafic rocks in this region are comprised mainly of serpentinites and talc-magnesite rocks with average As concentration...
Coulomb stress change sensitivity due to variability in mainshock source models and receiving fault parameters: A case study of the 2010-2011 Christchurch, New Zealand, earthquakes
Zhongwen Zhan, Bikai Jin, Shengji Wei, Robert W. Graves
2011, Seismological Research Letters (82) 800-814
Strong aftershocks following major earthquakes present significant challenges for infrastructure recovery as well as for emergency rescue efforts. A tragic instance of this is the 22 February 2011 Mw 6.3 Christchurch aftershock in New Zealand, which caused more than 100 deaths while the 2010 Mw 7.1 Canterbury mainshock did not...
An open-water electrical geophysical tool for mapping sub-seafloor heavy placer minerals in 3D and migrating hydrocarbon plumes in 4D
J. Wynn, M. Williamson, S. Urquhart, J. Fleming
2011, Conference Paper, OCEANS'11 - MTS/IEEE Kona, Program Book
A towed-streamer technology has been developed for mapping placer heavy minerals and dispersed hydrocarbon plumes in the open ocean. The approach uses induced polarization (IP), an electrical measurement that encompasses several different surface-reactive capacitive and electrochemical phenomena, and thus is ideally suited for mapping dispersed or disseminated targets. The application...
Seasonal timing of first rain storms affects rare plant population dynamics
J.M. Levine, A. K. McEachern, C. Cowan
2011, Ecology (92) 2236-2247
A major challenge in forecasting the ecological consequences of climate change is understanding the relative importance of changes to mean conditions vs. changes to discrete climatic events, such as storms, frosts, or droughts. Here we show that the first major storm of the growing season strongly influences the population dynamics...
