Magnetotelluric Data, San Luis Valley, Colorado
Brian D. Rodriguez, Jackie M. Williams
2008, Open-File Report 2007-1405
The San Luis Valley region population is growing. Water shortfalls could have serious consequences. Future growth and land management in the region depend on accurate assessment and protection of the region?s ground-water resources. An important issue in managing the ground-water resources is a better understanding of the hydrogeology of the...
National Land Cover Database 2001 (NLCD01) Tile 4, Southeast United States: NLCD01_4
Andrew LaMotte
2008, Data Series 383-D
This 30-meter data set represents land use and land cover for the conterminous United States for the 2001 time period. The data have been arranged into four tiles to facilitate timely display and manipulation within a Geographic Information System (see http://water.usgs.gov/GIS/browse/nlcd01-partition.jpg). The National Land Cover Data Set for 2001 was...
Determination of the delta(18O/16O)of Water: RSIL Lab Code 489
Kinga Revesz, Tyler Coplen
2008, Techniques and Methods 10-C2
The purpose of the technique described by the Reston Stable Isotope Laboratory (RSIL) lab code 489 is to present a method to determine the delta(180/160), abbreviated as delta-180, of water. This delta-18O measurement of water also is a component of National Water Quality Laboratory (NWQL in USGS) schedules 1142 and...
An interactive Bayesian geostatistical inverse protocol for hydraulic tomography
Michael N. Fienen, Tom Clemo, Peter K. Kitanidis
2008, Water Resources Research (44)
Hydraulic tomography is a powerful technique for characterizing heterogeneous hydrogeologic parameters. An explicit trade-off between characterization based on measurement misfit and subjective characterization using prior information is presented. We apply a Bayesian geostatistical inverse approach that is well suited to accommodate a flexible model with the level of complexity driven...
Constraints and conundrums resulting from ground-deformation measurements made during the 2004-2005 dome-building eruption of Mount St. Helens, Washington
Daniel Dzurisin, Michael Lisowski, Michael P. Poland, David R. Sherrod, Richard G. LaHusen
David R. Sherrod, William E. Scott, Peter H. Stauffer, editor(s)
2008, Professional Paper 1750-14
A prolonged period of dome growth at Mount St. Helens starting in September-October 2004 provides an opportunity to study how the volcano deforms before, during, and after an eruption by using modern instruments and techniques, such as global positioning system (GPS) receivers and interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR), together with...
Timing of degassing and plagioclase growth in lavas erupted from Mount St. Helens, 2004-2005, from 210Po-210Pb-226Ra disequilibria
Mark K. Reagan, Kari M. Cooper, John S. Pallister, Carl R. Thornber, Matthew Wortel
David R. Sherrod, William E. Scott, Peter H. Stauffer, editor(s)
2008, Professional Paper 1750-37
Disequilibrium between 210Po, 210Pb, and 226Ra was measured on rocks and plagioclase mineral separates erupted during the first year of the ongoing eruption of Mount St. Helens. The purpose of this study was to monitor the volatile fluxing and crystal growth that occurred in the weeks, years, and decades leading...
238U-230Th-226Ra Disequilibria in Dacite and Plagioclase from the 2004–2005 Eruption of Mount St. Helens
Kari M. Cooper, Carrie T. Donnelly
David R. Sherrod, William E. Scott, Peter H. Stauffer, editor(s)
2008, Professional Paper 1750-36
Uranium-series disequilibria in whole-rock samples and mineral separates provide unique insights into the time scales and processes of magma mixing, storage, and crystallization. We present 238U- 230Th-226Ra data for whole-rock dacite and gouge samples and for plagioclase separated from two dacite samples, all erupted from Mount St. Helens between October 2004...
Constraints on the size, overpressure, and volatile content of the Mount St. Helens magma system from geodetic and dome-growth measurements during the 2004-2006+ eruption
Larry G. Mastin, Evelyn Roeloffs, Nick M. Beeler, James E. Quick
David R. Sherrod, William E. Scott, Peter H. Stauffer, editor(s)
2008, Professional Paper 1750-22
During the ongoing eruption at Mount St. Helens, Washington, lava has extruded continuously at a rate that decreased from ~7-9 m3 /s in October 2004 to 1-2 m3 /s by December 2005. The volume loss in the magma reservoir estimated from the geodetic data, 1.6-2.7×10 7 m3 , is only a few tens of...
Dynamics of seismogenic volcanic extrusion resisted by a solid surface plug, Mount St. Helens, 2004-2005
Richard M. Iverson
David R. Sherrod, William E. Scott, Peter H. Stauffer, editor(s)
2008, Professional Paper 1750-21
The 2004-5 eruption of Mount St. Helens exhibited sustained, near-equilibrium behavior characterized by nearly steady extrusion of a solid dacite plug and nearly periodic occurrence of shallow earthquakes. Diverse data support the hypothesis that these earthquakes resulted from stick-slip motion along the margins of the plug as it was forced...
Evolving magma storage conditions beneath Mount St. Helens inferred from chemical variations in melt inclusions from the 1980-1986 and current (2004-2006) eruptions
Jon Blundy, Katharine V. Cashman, Kim Berlo
David R. Sherrod, William E. Scott, Peter H. Stauffer, editor(s)
2008, Professional Paper 1750-33
Major element, trace element, and volatile concentrations in 187 glassy melt inclusions and 25 groundmass glasses from the 1980-86 eruption of Mount St. Helens are presented, together with 103 analyses of touching FE-Ti oxide pairs from the same samples. These data are used to evaluate the temporal evolution of...
Chemistry, mineralogy, and petrology of amphibole in Mount St. Helens 2004-2006 dacite
Carl R. Thornber, John S. Pallister, Heather Lowers, Michael C. Rowe, Charlie Mandeville, Gregory P. Meeker
David R. Sherrod, William E. Scott, Peter H. Stauffer, editor(s)
2008, Professional Paper 1750-32
Textural, compositional, and mineralogical data are reported and interpreted for a large population of clinoamphibole phenocrysts in 22 samples from the seven successive dacite spines erupted at Mount St. Helens between October 2004 and January 2006. Despite the uniformity in bulk composition of magma erupted since 2004, there is striking...
Growth of the 2004-2006 lava-dome complex at Mount St. Helens, Washington
James W. Vallance, David J. Schneider, Steve P. Schilling
David R. Sherrod, William E. Scott, Peter H. Stauffer, editor(s)
2008, Professional Paper 1750-9
The eruption of Mount St. Helens from 2004 to 2006 has comprised extrusion of solid lava spines whose growth patterns were shaped by a large space south of the 1980-86 dome that was occupied by the unique combination of glacial ice, concealed subglacial slopes, the crater walls, and relics of...
Methane hydrates
Ray Boswell, Koji Yamamoto, Sung-Rock Lee, Timothy S. Collett, Pushpendra Kumar, Scott Dallimore
2008, Book chapter, Future energy: Improved, sustainable and clean options for our planet
Gas hydrate is a solid, naturally occurring substance consisting predominantly of methane gas and water. Recent scientific drilling programs in Japan, Canada, the United States, Korea and India have demonstrated that gas hydrate occurs broadly and in a variety of forms in shallow sediments of the outer continental shelves and...
Use of digital aerophotogrammetry to determine rates of lava dome growth, Mount St. Helens, Washington, 2004-2005
Steve P. Schilling, Ren A. Thompson, James A. Messerich, Eugene Y. Iwatsubo
David R. Sherrod, William E. Scott, Peter H. Stauffer, editor(s)
2008, Professional Paper 1750-8
Beginning in October 2004, a new lava dome grew on the glacier-covered crater floor of Mount St. Helens, Washington, immediately south of the 1980s lava dome. Seventeen digital elevation models (DEMs) constructed from vertical aerial photographs have provided quantitative estimates of extruded lava volumes and total volume change. To extract...
Petrology of the 2004-2006 Mount St. Helens lava dome -- implications for magmatic plumbing and eruption triggering
John S. Pallister, Carl R. Thornber, Katharine V. Cashman, Michael A. Clynne, Heather Lowers, Charlie Mandeville, Isabelle K. Brownfield, Gregory P. Meeker
David R. Sherrod, William E. Scott, Peter H. Stauffer, editor(s)
2008, Professional Paper 1750-30
Eighteen years after dome-forming eruptions ended in 1986, and with little warning, Mount St. Helens began to erupt again in October 2004. During the ensuing two years, the volcano extruded more than 80×106 m3 of gas-poor, crystal-rich dacite lava. The 2004-6 dacite is remarkably uniform in bulk-rock composition and, at...
Towards monitoring land-cover and land-use changes at a global scale: the global land survey 2005
G. Gutman, Raymond A. Byrnes, J. Masek, S. Covington, C. Justice, S. Franks, Rachel Headley
2008, Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing (74) 6-10
Land cover is a critical component of the Earth system, infl uencing land-atmosphere interactions, greenhouse gas fl uxes, ecosystem health, and availability of food, fi ber, and energy for human populations. The recent Integrated Global Observations of Land (IGOL) report calls for the generation of maps documenting global land cover...
Instrumentation in remote and dangerous settings; examples using data from GPS “spider” deployments during the 2004-2005 eruption of Mount St. Helens, Washington
Richard G. LaHusen, Kelly J. Swinford, Matthew Logan, Michael Lisowski
David R. Sherrod, William E. Scott, Peter H. Stauffer, editor(s)
2008, Professional Paper 1750-16
Self-contained, single-frequency GPS instruments fitted on lightweight stations suitable for helicopter-sling payloads became a critical part of volcano monitoring during the September 2004 unrest and subsequent eruption of Mount St. Helens. Known as “spiders” because of their spindly frames, the stations were slung into the crater 29 times from September...
Analysis of GPS-measured deformation associated with the 2004-2006 dome-building eruption of Mount St. Helens, Washington
Michael Lisowski, Daniel Dzurisin, Roger P. Denlinger, Eugene Y. Iwatsubo
David R. Sherrod, William E. Scott, Peter H. Stauffer, editor(s)
2008, Professional Paper 1750-15
Detecting far-field deformation at Mount St. Helens since the crater-forming landslide and blast in 1980 has been difficult despite frequent volcanic activity and improved monitoring techniques. Between 1982 and 1991, the systematic extension of line lengths in a regional GPS trilateration network is consistent with recharge of a deep magma...
The Pleistocene eruptive history of Mount St. Helens, Washington, from 300,000 to 12,800 years before present
Michael A. Clynne, Andrew T. Calvert, Edward W. Wolfe, Russell C. Evarts, Robert J. Fleck, Marvin A. Lanphere
David R. Sherrod, William E. Scott, Peter H. Stauffer, editor(s)
2008, Professional Paper 1750-28
We report the results of recent geologic mapping and radiometric dating that add considerable detail to our understanding of the eruptive history of Mount St. Helens before its latest, or Spirit Lake, stage. New data and reevaluation of earlier work indicate at least two eruptive periods during the earliest, or...
Use of a groundwater flow model to assess the location, extent, and hydrologic properties of faults in the Rialto-Colton Basin, California
Linda R. Woolfenden
Eileen Poeter, Mary C. Hill, Chunmiao Zheng, editor(s)
2008, Conference Paper, MODFLOW and More 2008: Ground water and public policy — Conference proceedings
Faults within a groundwater basin can greatly influence the direction of groundwater flow and contaminant migration. Existing steady-state and transient groundwater flow models were used to assess the location, extent, and hydrologic properties of two alternative fault configurations within the Rialto-Colton basin. Adjustments were made to the hydrologic properties of...
Absolute and relative locations of earthquakes at Mount St. Helens, Washington, using continuous data: Implications for magmatic processes
Weston A. Thelen, Robert S. Crosson, Kenneth C. Creager
David R. Sherrod, William E. Scott, Peter H. Stauffer, editor(s)
2008, Professional Paper 1750-4
This study uses a combination of absolute and relative locations from earthquake multiplets to investigate the seismicity associated with the eruptive sequence at Mount St. Helens between September 23, 2004, and November 20, 2004. Multiplets, a prominent feature of seismicity during this time period, occurred as volcano-tectonic, hybrid, and low-frequency...
Near-real-time information products for Mount St. Helens -- tracking the ongoing eruption
Anthony I. Qamar, Stephen Malone, Seth C. Moran, William P. Steele, Weston A. Thelen
David R. Sherrod, William E. Scott, Peter H. Stauffer, editor(s)
2008, Professional Paper 1750-3
The rapid onset of energetic seismicity on September 23, 2004, at Mount St. Helens caused seismologists at the Pacific Northwest Seismic Network and the Cascades Volcano Observatory to quickly improve and develop techniques that summarized and displayed seismic parameters for use by scientists and the general public. Such techniques included...
Detecting changes in riparian habitat conditions based on patterns of greenness change: A case study from the Upper San Pedro River Basin, USA
K. Bruce Jones, Curtis M. Edmonds, E. Terrence Slonecker, James Wickham, Anne Neale, Timothy G. Wade, Kurt H. Riitters, William Kepner
2008, Ecological Indicators (8) 89-99
Healthy riparian ecosystems in arid and semi-arid regions exhibit shifting patterns of vegetation in response to periodic flooding. Their conditions also depend upon the amount of grazing and other human uses. Taking advantage of these system properties, we developed and tested an approach that utilizes historical Landsat data to track changes in the patterns of greenness (Normalized Difference...
Hazard information management during the autumn 2004 reawakening of Mount St. Helens volcano, Washington
Carolyn L. Driedger, Christina A. Neal, Tom H. Knappenberger, Deborah H. Needham, Robert B. Harper, William P. Steele
David R. Sherrod, William E. Scott, Peter H. Stauffer, editor(s)
2008, Professional Paper 1750-24
The 2004 reawakening of Mount St. Helens quickly caught the attention of government agencies as well as the international news media and the public. Immediate concerns focused on a repeat of the catastrophic landslide and blast event of May 18, 1980, which remains a vivid memory for many individuals. Within...
Geological and geophysical evaluation of the mechanisms of the great 1899 Yakutat Bay earthquakes
George Plafker, Wayne R. Thatcher
Jeffery T. Freymueller, Peter J. Haeussler, Robert L. Wesson, Goran Ekstrom, editor(s)
2008, Book chapter, Active tectonics and seismic potential of Alaska
We have used tectonic, geologic, and seismologic observations to reevaluate the mechanisms and seismotectonic significance of the two great (Mw = 8.1 and 8.2) September 1899 Yakutat Bay earthquakes. In their comprehensive study of these earthquakes between 1905 and 1910, Tarr and Martin (1912) showed that these events were accompanied...
